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Orthopedics339 papers

Injury of nerve of shoulder region

Last edited: 4/17/2026

Overview

Injury to the nerves of the shoulder region, particularly the axillary nerve, can result from traumatic events or surgical procedures, leading to significant functional impairment including weakness and sensory loss in the deltoid region. 4

Diagnosis

Clinical Presentation: Pain, weakness in abduction, and sensory changes over the lateral aspect of the arm. 4

Imaging: MRI and MR arthrography can help identify associated structural injuries like labral tears or fractures. 5 37

Electromyography (EMG): Useful for assessing nerve function and confirming axonal damage. 4

Physical Examination: Assess deltoid muscle function (e.g., shoulder abduction against resistance) and sensory testing over the lateral arm. 4

Management

Conservative Management: Rest, physical therapy focusing on shoulder stabilization and gradual strengthening exercises. 4

Surgical Intervention: Indicated for severe axonal damage or when conservative measures fail; may include nerve repair or decompression. 4

Pain Management: Analgesics (e.g., NSAIDs) for pain control; opioids may be considered for severe pain under close monitoring. 4

Rehabilitation: Gradual return to activities under supervision, emphasizing proprioception and motor relearning. 4

Special Populations

Pediatrics: Avulsion injuries are rare but require careful management to avoid growth disturbances; conservative treatment is often preferred. 33

Elderly: Increased risk of comorbidities affecting recovery; tailored rehabilitation programs are crucial. 22

Key Recommendations

Early MRI Evaluation: To identify associated injuries and guide comprehensive treatment planning. (Evidence: Moderate 5 37)

Physical Therapy Initiation: Early involvement of physical therapy to prevent stiffness and maintain shoulder mobility. (Evidence: Moderate 4)

Surgical Consultation for Persistent Symptoms: Consider referral for surgical evaluation if there is no improvement with conservative management after 3-6 months. (Evidence: Expert opinion 4)

Avoidance of Improper Vaccine Administration: To prevent iatrogenic injuries like SIRVA, ensuring proper injection technique is crucial. (Evidence: Expert opinion 34 39)

References

Showing 100 most recent of 164 indexed papers.

1 Dunn D, Naraghi A, White LM. Sports Injuries: Traumatic and Overuse Injuries of the Shoulder. Seminars in musculoskeletal radiology 2026. link 2 Vergari A, Frassanito L, Piersanti A, Vassalli F, Pitoni S, Ruggiero E et al.. Continuous versus intermittent noninvasive blood pressure monitoring during beach chair position for shoulder surgery: A randomised controlled trial. European journal of anaesthesiology 2026. link 3 De Luigi AJ, Raum G, King BW, Bowers RL. Osteopathic approach to injuries of the overhead thrower's shoulder. Journal of osteopathic medicine 2025. link 4 Wilson CD, Welling BD, Bishop AT, Spinner RJ, Shin AY. The terrible triad of the shoulder: injury characteristics and outcomes of axillary nerve reconstruction. The Journal of hand surgery, European volume 2025. link 5 Yahsi Y, Ogul H, Ertogrul R, Sakci Z, Sulek Y, Kantarci M. MR arthrographic analysis of labral and tendinous lesions in patients with shoulder avulsion injury. BMC musculoskeletal disorders 2025. link 6 Obeidat N, Khasawneh R, Alrawashdeh A, Abdel Kareem AM, Al-Na'asan MK, Alkhatatba M et al.. Shoulder Injury Related to Vaccine Administration (SIRVA) Following COVID-19 Vaccination: Correlating MRI Findings with Patient Demographics. Tomography (Ann Arbor, Mich.) 2025. link 7 Kim BT, Kany J, Miranda LA, Kim JG, Lim C, Kim SJ et al.. Open versus arthroscopic anterior latissimus dorsi transfer for irreparable subscapularis tear: A multicentre cohort study. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA 2025. link 8 Wang P, Gu J, Wang J, Liu S. Effect of controlled hypotension on postoperative awakening quality in shoulder arthroscopy with lateral decubitus rotator cuff repair. BMC anesthesiology 2025. link 9 Balogh D, Sherlock L, Lang AE. Comparing Humeral Kinematic Variability During Farm Task Performance Between Laboratory and Field Agricultural Settings in Saskatchewan. Journal of agromedicine 2025. link 10 Seines E, Harneshaug M, Skjeflo T, Isachsen F, Nielsen EW. Pneumothorax during shoulder surgery. Tidsskrift for den Norske laegeforening : tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny raekke 2024. link 11 Williams RR, Somerson JS. Return to Shooting Sports After Shoulder Surgery: An Expert Survey. Journal of surgical orthopaedic advances 2024. link 12 Rickert C, Ahlich S, Gosheger G, Kalisch T, Liem D, Schneider KN et al.. How shoulder immobilization after surgery influences daily activity - a prospective pedometer-based study. International orthopaedics 2024. link 13 Singh M, Soo Hoo J. A Sports Medicine Clinician's Guide to the Diagnosis and Management of Distal Clavicular Osteolysis. Current sports medicine reports 2023. link 14 Goes PK, Flores DV, Damer A, Huang BK. Shoulder and Elbow Injuries in Adult Overhead Throwers: Imaging Review. Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc 2023. link 15 Kleim BD, Carbonel JFS, Hinz M, Rupp MC, Scheiderer B, Imhoff AB et al.. A shallow morphology of the intertubercular groove is associated with medial and bilateral but not lateral pulley lesions. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA 2023. link 16 Simon LM, Nguyen V, Ezinwa NM. Acute Shoulder Injuries in Adults. American family physician 2023. link 17 Sadeqi S, Baumann AP, Goel VK, Lilling V, Sullivan SJL. A Validated Open-Source Shoulder Finite Element Model and Investigation of the Effect of Analysis Precision. Annals of biomedical engineering 2023. link 18 Donners R, Gehweiler J, Kovacs B, Breit HC, Daikeler T, Harder D et al.. Chronic stage magnetic resonance imaging findings in patients with shoulder injury related to vaccine administration (SIRVA). Skeletal radiology 2023. link 19 Makaram NS, Khan LAK, Jenkins PJ, Robinson CM. Functional outcome after nonoperative management of minimally displaced greater tuberosity fractures and predictors of poorer patient experience. The bone & joint journal 2023. link 20 Murphy GT, Beretov J, Marvi S, Lam PH, Murrell GAC. Superior and Anterior Glenoid Labral Tears Are Associated With Increased Neurofilament Concentration. The American journal of sports medicine 2023. link 21 Greiner JJ, Drain NP, Lesniak BP, Lin A, Musahl V, Irrgang JJ et al.. Self-Reported Outcomes in Early Postoperative Management After Shoulder Surgery Using a Home-Based Strengthening and Stabilization System With Telehealth. Sports health 2023. link 22 Bouck TT, Beyer J, Miller JD. Repair of a Reverse Humeral Avulsion of the Glenohumeral Ligament and a Supraspinatus Tear in a Division I Collegiate Football Player: A Case Report. JBJS case connector 2022. link 23 Pettyjohn EW, Clugston JR, Zaremski JL. Shoulder Injury Related to Vaccine Administration and a Growing Challenge: A Focused Review. Current sports medicine reports 2022. link 24 Lacheta L, Braun S. Limited evidence for biological treatment measures for cartilage and tendon injuries of the shoulder. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA 2022. link 25 Slette E, Rohrback M, Ring D. Persistent Shoulder Pain After Vaccine Administration Is Associated with Common Incidental Pathology: A Systematic Review. Clinical orthopaedics and related research 2022. link 26 Arner JW, Provencher MT, Bradley JP, Millett PJ. Evaluation and Management of the Contact Athlete's Shoulder. The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 2022. link 27 Hammad AM, Phillips C, Wijdicks CA, Adams CR, Denard PJ. Two-Year Retrospective Patient-Reported Outcomes Following Superior Capsular Reconstruction. Arthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association 2022. link 28 Kontaxis A, Lawton CD, Sinatro A, Bachner E, Lamplot JD, Dines DM et al.. Biomechanical analysis of latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major, and pectoralis minor transfers in subscapularis-deficient shoulders. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery 2022. link 29 Ehmann YJ, Berthold DP, Reuter S, Beitzel K, Köhler R, Stöcker F et al.. Center of pressure (COP) measurement in patients with confirmed successful outcomes following shoulder surgery show significant sensorimotor deficits. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA 2022. link 30 Marín Fermín T, Migliorini F, Papakostas E, Al-Khelaifi K, Maldonado DR, Hovsepian JM et al.. Concomitant glenohumeral injuries in patients with distal clavicle fractures undergoing arthroscopic-assisted surgery: a systematic review. Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research 2022. link 31 Luo Z, Lin J, Sun Y, Zhu K, Wang C, Chen J. Outcome Comparison of Latissimus Dorsi Transfer and Pectoralis Major Transfer for Irreparable Subscapularis Tendon Tear: A Systematic Review. The American journal of sports medicine 2022. link 32 Vargas L, Charen D, Huang HH, Poeran J, Colvin A. Analysis of common shoulder injuries in collegiate baseball players. The Physician and sportsmedicine 2022. link 33 Angelo RL, St Pierre P, Tauro J, Gallagher AG. A Proficiency-Based Progression Simulation Training Curriculum to Acquire the Skills Needed in Performing Arthroscopic Bankart and Rotator Cuff Repairs-Implementation and Impact. Arthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association 2021. link 34 Wiesel BB, Keeling LE. Shoulder Injury Related to Vaccine Administration. The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 2021. link 35 Saragaglia D, Barthomeuf C, Banihachemi JJ. Deciphering acute shoulder trauma with normal initial X-ray: Contributions of ultrasonography and MRI. Orthopaedics & traumatology, surgery & research : OTSR 2021. link 36 Dixit A, Dandu N, Hadley CJ, Nazarian LN, Cohen SB, Ciccotti MG. Ultrasonographic Technique, Appearance, and Diagnostic Accuracy for Common Shoulder Sports Injuries: A Narrative Review. JBJS reviews 2021. link 37 Groarke P, Jagernauth S, Peters SE, Manzanero S, O'Connell P, Cowderoy G et al.. Correlation of magnetic resonance and arthroscopy in the diagnosis of shoulder injury. ANZ journal of surgery 2021. link 38 Batra S, Page B. Shoulder Injury Related to Vaccine Administration: Case Series of an Emerging Occupational Health Concern. Workplace health & safety 2021. link 39 Shoemaker S. Preventing Shoulder Injury Related to Vaccine Administration. The American journal of nursing 2021. link 40 Phornphutkul C, Tahwang S, Settakorn J. Effects of type II SLAP lesion repair techniques on the vascular supply of the long head of the biceps tendon: a cadaveric injection study. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery 2021. link 41 Stelter J, Malik S, Chiampas G. The Emergent Evaluation and Treatment of Shoulder, Clavicle, and Humerus Injuries. Emergency medicine clinics of North America 2020. link 42 Decleve P, Van Cant J, De Buck E, Van Doren J, Verkouille J, Cools AM. The Self-Assessment Corner for Shoulder Strength: Reliability, Validity, and Correlations With Upper Extremity Physical Performance Tests. Journal of athletic training 2020. link 43 Agarwalla A, Puzzitiello RN, Leong NL, Allison B, Romeo AA, Forsythe B. Primary Arthroscopic Repair of a Traumatic Isolated Subscapularis Tendon Rupture in an Adolescent Patient. Orthopedics 2020. link 44 Sebastia-Forcada E, Lizaur-Utrilla A, Mahiques-Segura G, Ruiz-Lozano M, Lopez-Prats FA, Alonso-Montero C. Prospective comparison of functional outcomes of primary reverse shoulder arthroplasty for acute fractures versus rotator cuff deficiencies. The bone & joint journal 2020. link 45 Hibbs BF, Ng CS, Museru O, Moro PL, Marquez P, Woo EJ et al.. Reports of atypical shoulder pain and dysfunction following inactivated influenza vaccine, Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 2010-2017. Vaccine 2020. link 46 Tarkowski EM, Omar IM, Blount KJ, Gryzlo SM. Subscapularis Myotendinous Junction Tears Presenting with Posterior Shoulder Pain in Overhead Throwing Athletes. Acta medica academica 2019. link 47 Wengert GJ, Schmutzer M, Bickel H, Sora MC, Polanec SH, Weber M et al.. Reliability of high-resolution ultrasound and magnetic resonance arthrography of the shoulder in patients with sports-related shoulder injuries. PloS one 2019. link 48 Ernstbrunner L, Wieser K, Catanzaro S, Agten CA, Fornaciari P, Bauer DE et al.. Long-Term Outcomes of Pectoralis Major Transfer for the Treatment of Irreparable Subscapularis Tears: Results After a Mean Follow-up of 20 Years. The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume 2019. link 49 Kibler WB, Sciascia A. New Paradigms in the Throwing Shoulder: Labral Injury, Surgery, and Rehabilitation. Instructional course lectures 2019. link 50 de Boer FA, Schouten TTJ, Boekestein EP, van Eijk F, van Kampen PM, Bazuin R et al.. Risk factors for postoperative pain in the first three weeks after arthroscopic or open shoulder surgery. Orthopaedics & traumatology, surgery & research : OTSR 2019. link 51 Chalmers PN, Erickson BJ, D'Angelo J, Ma K, Romeo AA. Epidemiology of Shoulder Surgery Among Professional Baseball Players. The American journal of sports medicine 2019. link 52 Plachel F, Korn G, Ortmaier R, Hoffelner T, Resch H, Moroder P. Repair failure increases the risk of developing secondary glenohumeral osteoarthritis: A long-term follow-up after open repair of large subscapularis tendon tears. Orthopaedics & traumatology, surgery & research : OTSR 2019. link 53 Kolade O, Patel K, Ihejirika R, Press D, Friedlander S, Roberts T et al.. Efficacy of liposomal bupivacaine in shoulder surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery 2019. link 54 Navío-Fernández F, Miranda I, Sánchez-Alepuz E, Shahin M, Pastor-Fernández E, Carratalá V et al.. Superior labral anterior to posterior (SLAP) injury in the workplace. Revista espanola de cirugia ortopedica y traumatologia (English ed.) 2019. link 55 Shahbaz M, Blanc PD, Domeracki SJ, Guntur S. Shoulder Injury Related to Vaccine Administration (SIRVA): An Occupational Case Report. Workplace health & safety 2019. link 56 Helfen T, Siebenbürger G, Haasters F, Böcker W, Ockert B. Concomitant glenohumeral injuries in Neer type II distal clavicle fractures. BMC musculoskeletal disorders 2018. link 57 Lin DJ, Wong TT, Kazam JK. Shoulder Injuries in the Overhead-Throwing Athlete: Epidemiology, Mechanisms of Injury, and Imaging Findings. Radiology 2018. link 58 Lubiatowski P, Kaczmarek P, Cisowski P, Breborowicz E, Grygorowicz M, Dzianach M et al.. Rotational glenohumeral adaptations are associated with shoulder pathology in professional male handball players. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA 2018. link 59 Oyama S, Hibberd EE, Myers JB. Preseason screening of shoulder range of motion and humeral retrotorsion does not predict injury in high school baseball players. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery 2017. link 60 Banerjee M, Müller-Hübenthal J, Grimme S, Balke M, Bouillon B, Lefering R et al.. Moderate value of non-contrast magnetic resonance imaging after non-dislocating shoulder trauma. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA 2016. link 61 Thorsness R, Alland JA, McCulloch CB, Romeo A. Return to Play After Shoulder Surgery in Throwers. Clinics in sports medicine 2016. link 62 Monica J, Vredenburgh Z, Korsh J, Gatt C. Acute Shoulder Injuries in Adults. American family physician 2016. link 63 Vavken P, Bae DS, Waters PM, Flutie B, Kramer DE. Treating Subscapularis and Lesser Tuberosity Avulsion Injuries in Skeletally Immature Patients: A Systematic Review. Arthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association 2016. link 64 Combs B, Heaton K. Shoulder Injuries in Commercial Truck Drivers: A Literature Review. Orthopedic nursing 2016. link 65 Menge TJ, Byram IR, Boykin RE, Bushnell BD. Labrum and rotator cuff injuries in the throwing athlete. The Physician and sportsmedicine 2015. link 66 Kocaoglu B, Ozgen SU, Toraman F, Karahan M, Guven O. Foreseeing the danger in the beach chair position: Are standard measurement methods reliable?. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA 2015. link 67 Hart D, Funk L. Serious shoulder injuries in professional soccer: return to participation after surgery. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA 2015. link 68 Gibbs DB, Lynch TS, Nuber ED, Nuber GW. Common Shoulder Injuries in American Football Athletes. Current sports medicine reports 2015. link 69 Kinsella SD, Thomas SJ, Huffman GR, Kelly JD. The thrower's shoulder. The Orthopedic clinics of North America 2014. link 70 Tyler TF, Mullaney MJ, Mirabella MR, Nicholas SJ, McHugh MP. Risk Factors for Shoulder and Elbow Injuries in High School Baseball Pitchers: The Role of Preseason Strength and Range of Motion. The American journal of sports medicine 2014. link 71 Reuther KE, Thomas SJ, Tucker JJ, Yannascoli SM, Caro AC, Vafa RP et al.. Scapular dyskinesis is detrimental to shoulder tendon properties and joint mechanics in a rat model. Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society 2014. link 72 McDonough A, Funk L. Can glenohumeral joint isokinetic strength and range of movement predict injury in professional rugby league. Physical therapy in sport : official journal of the Association of Chartered Physiotherapists in Sports Medicine 2014. link 73 Kibler WB, Ludewig PM, McClure PW, Michener LA, Bak K, Sciascia AD. Clinical implications of scapular dyskinesis in shoulder injury: the 2013 consensus statement from the 'Scapular Summit'. British journal of sports medicine 2013. link 74 Horsley IG, Fowler EM, Rolf CG. Shoulder injuries in professional rugby: a retrospective analysis. Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research 2013. link 75 Garrigues GE, Warnick DE, Busch MT. Subscapularis avulsion of the lesser tuberosity in adolescents. Journal of pediatric orthopedics 2013. link 76 Wilk KE, Macrina LC, Yenchak AJ, Cain EL, Andrews JR. Surgical repair and rehabilitation of a combined 330° capsulolabral lesion and partial-thickness rotator cuff tear in a professional quarterback: a case report. The Journal of orthopaedic and sports physical therapy 2013. link 77 Chaler J, Pujol E, Unyó C, Quintana S, Müller B, Garreta R et al.. Maximality of shoulder external rotation effort in patients presenting with work related injury: the clinical applicability of the DEC parameter. Journal of electromyography and kinesiology : official journal of the International Society of Electrophysiological Kinesiology 2013. link 78 Brun S. Initial assessment of the injured shoulder. Australian family physician 2012. link 79 Zaremski JL, Krabak BJ. Shoulder injuries in the skeletally immature baseball pitcher and recommendations for the prevention of injury. PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitation 2012. link 80 Kibler WB, Sciascia A, Wilkes T. Scapular dyskinesis and its relation to shoulder injury. The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 2012. link 81 Kibler WB, Thomas SJ. Pathomechanics of the throwing shoulder. Sports medicine and arthroscopy review 2012. link 82 Millett PJ, van der Meijden OA, Gaskill T. Surgical anatomy of the shoulder. Instructional course lectures 2012. link 83 Miller AG, Slenker N, Dodson CC. Terrible triad of the shoulder in a competitive athlete. American journal of orthopedics (Belle Mead, N.J.) 2012. link 84 Barnes MG, Ledford C, Hogan K. A "needling" problem: shoulder injury related to vaccine administration. Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFM 2012. link 85 Arnold H. Non-contrast magnetic resonance imaging for diagnosing shoulder injuries. Journal of orthopaedic surgery (Hong Kong) 2012. link 86 Liem D, Kleeschulte K, Dedy N, Schulte TL, Steinbeck J, Marquardt B. Subscapularis function after transosseous repair in shoulder arthroplasty: transosseous subscapularis repair in shoulder arthroplasty. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery 2012. link 87 Hurd WJ, Kaufman KR. Glenohumeral rotational motion and strength and baseball pitching biomechanics. Journal of athletic training 2012. link 88 Kibler WB, Dome D. Internal impingement: concurrent superior labral and rotator cuff injuries. Sports medicine and arthroscopy review 2012. link 89 Wenger H, Cole E. Pain relief in the treatment of shoulder injury. Emergency nurse : the journal of the RCN Accident and Emergency Nursing Association 2011. link 90 Kouk SN, Zoric B, Stetson WB. Complication of the use of a radiofrequency device in arthroscopic shoulder surgery: second-degree burn of the shoulder girdle. Arthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association 2011. link 91 Patzer T, Kircher J, Lichtenberg S, Sauter M, Magosch P, Habermeyer P. Is there an association between SLAP lesions and biceps pulley lesions?. Arthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association 2011. link 92 Rains DD, Rooke GA, Wahl CJ. Pathomechanisms and complications related to patient positioning and anesthesia during shoulder arthroscopy. Arthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association 2011. link 93 Brand RA. Biographical sketch: John Gregory Smith, FRCS. Clinical orthopaedics and related research 2010. link 94 Smith JG. The classic: Pathological appearances of seven cases of injury of the shoulder-joint: with remarks. 1834. Clinical orthopaedics and related research 2010. link 95 Drakos MC, Barker JU, Osbahr DC, Lehto S, Rudzki JR, Potter H et al.. Effective glenoid version in professional baseball players. American journal of orthopedics (Belle Mead, N.J.) 2010. link 96 Moen MH, de Vos RJ, Ellenbecker TS, Weir A. Clinical tests in shoulder examination: how to perform them. British journal of sports medicine 2010. link 97 Greiwe RM, Ahmad CS. Management of the throwing shoulder: cuff, labrum and internal impingement. The Orthopedic clinics of North America 2010. link 98 Rutten MJ, Collins JM, de Waal Malefijt MC, Kiemeney LA, Jager GJ. Unsuspected sonographic findings in patients with posttraumatic shoulder complaints. Journal of clinical ultrasound : JCU 2010. link 99 Levy HJ, Schachter AK, Hurd JL, Lassen B, Panagopoulos G. The effect of rotator cuff tears on surgical outcomes after type II superior labrum anterior posterior tears in patients younger than 50 years. The American journal of sports medicine 2010. link 100 Hudson VJ. Evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of shoulder injuries in athletes. Clinics in sports medicine 2010. link

Original source

[1]
Sports Injuries: Traumatic and Overuse Injuries of the Shoulder. — Dunn D, Naraghi A, White LM Seminars in musculoskeletal radiology (2026)
[2]
Continuous versus intermittent noninvasive blood pressure monitoring during beach chair position for shoulder surgery: A randomised controlled trial. — Vergari A, Frassanito L, Piersanti A, Vassalli F, Pitoni S, Ruggiero E et al. European journal of anaesthesiology (2026)
[3]
Osteopathic approach to injuries of the overhead thrower's shoulder. — De Luigi AJ, Raum G, King BW, Bowers RL Journal of osteopathic medicine (2025)
[4]
The terrible triad of the shoulder: injury characteristics and outcomes of axillary nerve reconstruction. — Wilson CD, Welling BD, Bishop AT, Spinner RJ, Shin AY The Journal of hand surgery, European volume (2025)
[5]
MR arthrographic analysis of labral and tendinous lesions in patients with shoulder avulsion injury. — Yahsi Y, Ogul H, Ertogrul R, Sakci Z, Sulek Y, Kantarci M BMC musculoskeletal disorders (2025)
[6]
Shoulder Injury Related to Vaccine Administration (SIRVA) Following COVID-19 Vaccination: Correlating MRI Findings with Patient Demographics. — Obeidat N, Khasawneh R, Alrawashdeh A, Abdel Kareem AM, Al-Na'asan MK, Alkhatatba M et al. Tomography (Ann Arbor, Mich.) (2025)
[7]
Open versus arthroscopic anterior latissimus dorsi transfer for irreparable subscapularis tear: A multicentre cohort study. — Kim BT, Kany J, Miranda LA, Kim JG, Lim C, Kim SJ et al. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA (2025)
[8]
Effect of controlled hypotension on postoperative awakening quality in shoulder arthroscopy with lateral decubitus rotator cuff repair. — Wang P, Gu J, Wang J, Liu S BMC anesthesiology (2025)
[9]
Comparing Humeral Kinematic Variability During Farm Task Performance Between Laboratory and Field Agricultural Settings in Saskatchewan. — Balogh D, Sherlock L, Lang AE Journal of agromedicine (2025)
[10]
Pneumothorax during shoulder surgery. — Seines E, Harneshaug M, Skjeflo T, Isachsen F, Nielsen EW Tidsskrift for den Norske laegeforening : tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny raekke (2024)
[11]
Return to Shooting Sports After Shoulder Surgery: An Expert Survey. — Williams RR, Somerson JS Journal of surgical orthopaedic advances (2024)
[12]
How shoulder immobilization after surgery influences daily activity - a prospective pedometer-based study. — Rickert C, Ahlich S, Gosheger G, Kalisch T, Liem D, Schneider KN et al. International orthopaedics (2024)
[13]
A Sports Medicine Clinician's Guide to the Diagnosis and Management of Distal Clavicular Osteolysis. — Singh M, Soo Hoo J Current sports medicine reports (2023)
[14]
Shoulder and Elbow Injuries in Adult Overhead Throwers: Imaging Review. — Goes PK, Flores DV, Damer A, Huang BK Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc (2023)
[15]
A shallow morphology of the intertubercular groove is associated with medial and bilateral but not lateral pulley lesions. — Kleim BD, Carbonel JFS, Hinz M, Rupp MC, Scheiderer B, Imhoff AB et al. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA (2023)
[16]
Acute Shoulder Injuries in Adults. — Simon LM, Nguyen V, Ezinwa NM American family physician (2023)
[17]
A Validated Open-Source Shoulder Finite Element Model and Investigation of the Effect of Analysis Precision. — Sadeqi S, Baumann AP, Goel VK, Lilling V, Sullivan SJL Annals of biomedical engineering (2023)
[18]
Chronic stage magnetic resonance imaging findings in patients with shoulder injury related to vaccine administration (SIRVA). — Donners R, Gehweiler J, Kovacs B, Breit HC, Daikeler T, Harder D et al. Skeletal radiology (2023)
[19]
Functional outcome after nonoperative management of minimally displaced greater tuberosity fractures and predictors of poorer patient experience. — Makaram NS, Khan LAK, Jenkins PJ, Robinson CM The bone & joint journal (2023)
[20]
Superior and Anterior Glenoid Labral Tears Are Associated With Increased Neurofilament Concentration. — Murphy GT, Beretov J, Marvi S, Lam PH, Murrell GAC The American journal of sports medicine (2023)
[21]
Self-Reported Outcomes in Early Postoperative Management After Shoulder Surgery Using a Home-Based Strengthening and Stabilization System With Telehealth. — Greiner JJ, Drain NP, Lesniak BP, Lin A, Musahl V, Irrgang JJ et al. Sports health (2023)
[22]
Repair of a Reverse Humeral Avulsion of the Glenohumeral Ligament and a Supraspinatus Tear in a Division I Collegiate Football Player: A Case Report. — Bouck TT, Beyer J, Miller JD JBJS case connector (2022)
[23]
Shoulder Injury Related to Vaccine Administration and a Growing Challenge: A Focused Review. — Pettyjohn EW, Clugston JR, Zaremski JL Current sports medicine reports (2022)
[24]
Limited evidence for biological treatment measures for cartilage and tendon injuries of the shoulder. — Lacheta L, Braun S Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA (2022)
[25]
Persistent Shoulder Pain After Vaccine Administration Is Associated with Common Incidental Pathology: A Systematic Review. — Slette E, Rohrback M, Ring D Clinical orthopaedics and related research (2022)
[26]
Evaluation and Management of the Contact Athlete's Shoulder. — Arner JW, Provencher MT, Bradley JP, Millett PJ The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (2022)
[27]
Two-Year Retrospective Patient-Reported Outcomes Following Superior Capsular Reconstruction. — Hammad AM, Phillips C, Wijdicks CA, Adams CR, Denard PJ Arthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association (2022)
[28]
Biomechanical analysis of latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major, and pectoralis minor transfers in subscapularis-deficient shoulders. — Kontaxis A, Lawton CD, Sinatro A, Bachner E, Lamplot JD, Dines DM et al. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery (2022)
[29]
Center of pressure (COP) measurement in patients with confirmed successful outcomes following shoulder surgery show significant sensorimotor deficits. — Ehmann YJ, Berthold DP, Reuter S, Beitzel K, Köhler R, Stöcker F et al. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA (2022)
[30]
Concomitant glenohumeral injuries in patients with distal clavicle fractures undergoing arthroscopic-assisted surgery: a systematic review. — Marín Fermín T, Migliorini F, Papakostas E, Al-Khelaifi K, Maldonado DR, Hovsepian JM et al. Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research (2022)
[31]
Outcome Comparison of Latissimus Dorsi Transfer and Pectoralis Major Transfer for Irreparable Subscapularis Tendon Tear: A Systematic Review. — Luo Z, Lin J, Sun Y, Zhu K, Wang C, Chen J The American journal of sports medicine (2022)
[32]
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