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Cardiology5738 papers

Cerebral infarction

Last edited: 4/23/2026

Overview

Cerebral infarction, commonly known as ischemic stroke, results from the obstruction of blood supply to part of the brain, leading to tissue damage and neurological deficits. It can occur due to various etiologies including atherosclerotic disease, embolic events, and rare causes like aberrant artery compression 3 10.

Diagnosis

Clinical Presentation: Sudden onset of focal neurological deficits (weakness, sensory loss, speech difficulties) 1.

Imaging: MRI or CT scans to confirm infarction and rule out hemorrhagic stroke 1 3.

Carotid Artery Evaluation: Carotid duplex ultrasound, CTA, or MRA to assess for stenosis or plaque characteristics 20 21.

Hemodynamic Assessment: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound and ASL MRI for cerebral blood flow dynamics 37 44.

Management

Medical Management:

- Antiplatelet Therapy: Aspirin or clopidogrel for secondary prevention 1 3. - Anticoagulation: Considered in specific embolic sources (e.g., atrial fibrillation) 1. - Statin Therapy: To reduce cholesterol and stabilize plaques 2 52.

Revascularization Procedures:

- Carotid Endarterectomy (CEA): Recommended for symptomatic stenosis >50% 2 (Evidence: Strong). - Carotid Artery Stenting (CAS): Alternative for high-risk surgical candidates 6 (Evidence: Moderate). - Endovascular Techniques: Including TCAR for specific patient profiles 35 (Evidence: Moderate).

Special Populations

Elderly: CEA remains safe and effective in octogenarians 60 (Evidence: Strong).

Comorbidities: Frailty increases risk of adverse events post-CEA in asymptomatic patients 29 (Evidence: Moderate).

Gender Disparities: Sex differences noted in outcomes post-revascularization; further studies needed 9 (Evidence: Moderate).

Key Recommendations

Consider Carotid Endarterectomy for Symptomatic Carotid Stenosis >50%: Strong evidence supports its use in reducing stroke risk 2 (Evidence: Strong).

Evaluate Carotid Revascularization Based on Patient-Specific Factors: Include anatomical complexity, comorbidities, and surgical risk 6 35 (Evidence: Moderate).

Implement Goal-Directed Rehabilitation: Effective for functional recovery post-cerebral infarction 8 (Evidence: Moderate).

Monitor and Manage Hypokalemia Postoperatively: Common electrolyte disturbance post-CEA requiring attention 39 (Evidence: Moderate).

Use of Medical Therapy in Asymptomatic Stenosis: Evolving guidelines suggest continued reassessment of medical vs. revascularization benefits 52 (Evidence: Moderate).

References

Showing 100 most recent of 3120 indexed papers.

1 Ngimron AF, Zainudin MF, Rusli MRM, Roslan NFA. Metachronous Cardio-Cerebral Infarction: A Rehabilitation Conundrum in Dual Pathology Recovery. American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation 2026. link 2 Lim ETA, Ying G, Bernau O, Frampton C, Khashram M. Medical Management of Patients With Symptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis. Annals of vascular surgery 2026. link 3 Kobayashi Y, Kobayashi KI, Yuazawa C, Kurashina M, Shimizu Y, Hanaoka Y et al.. Cerebral Infarction Triggered by Swallowing-Induced Compression of an Aberrant Right Subclavian Artery. Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) 2026. link 4 Secchi F, Monti CB, Baroni I, Bari V, Perillo N, Conti M et al.. Carotid perivascular adipose tissue in CT before and after treatment for severe internal carotid artery stenosis. European journal of radiology 2026. link 5 Sugai K, Oda A, Maeda Y, Murakami Y, Fujisawa M, Shibata M et al.. Neuroprotective Effect of Sweet Potato Petiole and Leaf Dry-Powder in a Gerbil Model of Transient Cerebral Ischaemia. Veterinary medicine and science 2026. link 6 Dubosq-Lebaz M, Gray WA, Schneider PA, Koo CYC, Jouffroy M, Secemsky EA. Types of carotid stents and their associated strengths and limitations. Seminars in vascular surgery 2026. link 7 Marshall RS, Lal BK, Edwards LJ, Huston J, Meschia JF, Brott TG et al.. Relationship Between Degree of Stenosis and Time-to-Peak Delay in High Grade Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Disease. Stroke 2026. link 8 Zhang W, Li M, Yang B, Zhang W. Efficacy of goal-directed rehabilitation on functional recovery in patients with cerebral infarction. Medicine 2026. link 9 Mazzaccaro D, Boveri S, Girani E, Righini PCM, Nano G. Sex Differences in the Outcomes after Carotid Revascularization in Real-World Experience. Annals of vascular surgery 2026. link 10 Nakamura T, Takano G, Sugiyama M, Jo M, Furuta K, Kawaguchi H. Cerebral infarction in red panda (Ailurus fulgens). The Journal of veterinary medical science 2026. link 11 Tsujimoto Y, Okawa M, Yamashita H, Fushimi Y, Ueno K, Grinstead J et al.. Whole-Plaque Adventitial Enhancement on Contrast-Enhanced MRI DANTE T1-SPACE as a Marker of Carotid Plaque Vulnerability. World neurosurgery 2026. link 12 Esquetini-Vernon C, Meschia JF, Rajab M, Huang J, Polania-Sandoval C, Barrett KM et al.. Outcomes of Carotid Artery Revascularization in Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis: A Stroke Center Analysis. Annals of vascular surgery 2026. link 13 Stemmler S, Zeller T, Westermann D, Czerny M, Soschynski M, Macharzina RR. Carotid plaque heterogeneity and lower calcified volume on computed tomography angiography are associated with neurologic symptoms. Clinical radiology 2026. link 14 Desantis C, Zacà S, Boggia P, Menna D, Spertino A, Esposito D et al.. Free-Cell Area Impact on Stroke Prevention in Asymptomatic Patients Undergoing Carotid Artery Stenting: The "Carotid Artery sTenting And CeLl-area Impact on Stroke and Major Adverse events" (CATACLISMA) Multicenter Registry. Journal of endovascular therapy : an official journal of the International Society of Endovascular Specialists 2026. link 15 Liu Y, Chai K, Guo M, Chen X, Wang H, Zhang X et al.. Xuesaitong injection for acute cerebral infarction: Efficacy and safety meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology 2026. link 16 Ozdemir G, Eren F, Ersoy AN, Dogruer BA, Gultekin MM, Ozturk L et al.. Off-Label Stent as a Rescue Option for Angulated Proximal Internal Carotid Artery Stenosis in Technically Unfeasible or Inoperable Patients. Cardiovascular and interventional radiology 2026. link 17 Park J, St John E, Darling JD, Schermerhorn ML. Contemporary outcomes of carotid revascularization procedures. Seminars in vascular surgery 2026. link 18 Paraskevas KI, AbuRahma AF, Moore WS, Gloviczki P, Perler BA, Clair DG et al.. An international, expert-based, multispecialty Delphi consensus document on stroke risk stratification and the optimal management of patients with asymptomatic and symptomatic carotid stenosis. Journal of vascular surgery 2026. link 19 Ning Y, Guo J, Pan D, Wu S, Song L, Wang C et al.. The Effects of Carotid Revascularization on 1-Year Cognitive Performance in Patients With Carotid Artery Stenosis. Journal of endovascular therapy : an official journal of the International Society of Endovascular Specialists 2026. link 20 Ponukumati AS, Stableford JA. Contemporary use of ultrasound for diagnosis and surveillance of carotid stenosis. Seminars in vascular surgery 2026. link 21 Liu E, Tilbury N, Zhou A, Su HM, Newton BD, Persad A et al.. Assessing the fragility index of randomized controlled trials on carotid artery stenosis: a systematic review. Canadian journal of surgery. Journal canadien de chirurgie 2026. link 22 Kotsugi M, Nakagawa I, Yokoyama S, Morisaki Y, Maeoka R, Hayami H et al.. Telescopic carotid stenting method suppresses plaque protrusion in carotid stenting for high-lipid core plaque lesions. Journal of neurointerventional surgery 2026. link 23 Meschia JF, Lal B, Brott T. CREST-2: Early reflections on the primary results. Seminars in vascular surgery 2026. link 24 Lindberg M, Gillgren P, Gunnarsson K, Kragsterman B, Lindström D, Roy J et al.. Near Infrared Spectroscopy Versus Stump Pressure in Detecting Cerebral Ischemia During Carotid Endarterectomy: A Prospective Multicenter Observational Study. Annals of vascular surgery 2026. link 25 Pei Q, Zhu R, Yang Y. Diagnostic Value of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Combined with MiR-125b-5p in Acute Cerebral Infarction and Its Correlation with Carotid Plaque Neovascularization. The Tohoku journal of experimental medicine 2026. link 26 Zhang G, Xiang D, Lu H, Xiong F, Cao Y, Xiang L et al.. Clinical outcomes of carotid artery stenting with open- versus closed-cell stents. Journal of neurointerventional surgery 2026. link 27 Cai Y, Zhang M, He Q, Lu H, Kuang Y, Huang Y et al.. Decoding Gujin Luyan Xuming decoction: How ancient wisdom meets modern science in promoting angiogenesis to ameliorate cerebral infarction. Journal of ethnopharmacology 2026. link 28 Dimov A, Kreibich M, Mihaylov A, Harloff A, Turchino D, Lescan M et al.. Propensity-Matched Comparison of Proximal Versus Distal Shunt Insertion during Eversion Carotid Endarterectomy of the Internal Carotid Artery in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Patients. Annals of vascular surgery 2026. link 29 Tabibian K, Vadlakonda A, Cherif A, Balian J, Kwon OJ, Tabibian D et al.. Association of Age and Frailty with the Development of Adverse Events Following Carotid Endarterectomy in Asymptomatic Patients. Annals of vascular surgery 2026. link 30 Kitamura S, Koyama J, Hanaoka Y, Nakamura T, Kakizawa Y, Kobayashi H et al.. Micro-Balloon Anchoring Technique: A Universal Solution for Navigational Difficulties of Straight-Shaped Balloon Guide Catheters in Carotid Artery Stenting. World neurosurgery 2026. link 31 Donners SJA, Willemsen SI, Bennink E, Saicic S, Knappich C, Hendrikse J et al.. Patients with Ocular Ischaemic Events Have Greater Cerebral White Matter Hyperintensity Volume than Asymptomatic Patients Undergoing Carotid Revascularisation. European journal of vascular and endovascular surgery : the official journal of the European Society for Vascular Surgery 2026. link 32 Chen P, Feng Y, Bai C. The SNCA-AS1/miR-138-5p/HIF1A Axis: Implications for diagnosis and cellular pathogenesis in acute cerebral infarction. Archives of biochemistry and biophysics 2026. link 33 Yi T, Pan ZN, Lin DL, Gan S, Chen J, He Y et al.. Diagnostic performance of CT perfusion in detecting contralateral aplasia of the A1 segment in acute internal carotid artery occlusion. Journal of neurointerventional surgery 2026. link 34 Tao Y, Chen S, Yang Y, Zhou F, Chen H, Cui L et al.. Impaired dynamic cerebral autoregulation predicts silent ischemic lesions after carotid artery stenting: A hemodynamic biomarker beyond plaque morphology. Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 2026. link 35 Dodwad SM, Dakour-Aridi H, Martin GH, Saqib NU, Tanaka A, Keyhani A et al.. Perioperative and Follow-Up TCAR Outcomes of a Single Institution. Annals of vascular surgery 2026. link 36 Chen B, Zhou C, Liu X, Luo D, Mo J, Li S et al.. Effects of temperature and humidity on hospitalizations for metabolic syndrome with cerebral infarction among older adults in Panzhihua: a distributed lag non-linear model analysis. Frontiers in public health 2026. link 37 Carrozzi A, Manfrini E, Golini C, Pastore LV, Vitale A, Bartolo P et al.. Arterial spin labeling MRI in patients undergoing carotid artery revascularization: a systematic review of the hemodynamic changes and clinical implications. European radiology 2026. link 38 Umehana M, Fushimi Y, Okuchi S, Otani S, Yamamoto T, Sakata A et al.. Evaluation of meningeal lymphatic vessels with delayed contrast enhanced vessel-wall MRI in cerebral infarction. Japanese journal of radiology 2026. link 39 Hu S, Lai X, Han Y. Prediction of Postoperative Hypokalemia in Patients with Severe Carotid Artery Stenosis undergoing Standard Carotid Endarterectomy: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Annals of geriatric medicine and research 2026. link 40 Ozdogru D, Eke MN, Ozturk I, Bastin P, Uysal OK, Avci A et al.. The Efficacy of the Naples Prognostic Score in Patients with Carotid Stenosis. Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria 2026. link 41 Zhang L, Chai Y, Jiao Z, Xu P, Cao H, Liu S et al.. Risk factors for restenosis following carotid endarterectomy in patients with full collapse carotid near occlusion. Journal of vascular surgery 2026. link 42 Lin S, Chen J. Clinical value of serum miR-943 as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for acute cerebral infarction and its mechanism of action via targeting BDNF. Archives of biochemistry and biophysics 2026. link 43 Callegari S, Romain G, Balasquide Odeh OS, Tapia C, Pinto D, Rahman MM et al.. Periprocedural outcomes of embolic protection device use in carotid artery stenting. Journal of vascular surgery 2026. link 44 Lee CH, Yoon TH, Jang JS, Cho JW. Modified Eversion Carotid Endarterectomy is Potentially Associated with Improved Surgical Outcomes-Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Clinical Efficacy of Modified Eversion Carotid Endarterectomy. Annals of vascular surgery 2026. link 45 Kim HB, Baik KY, Sung CK. Enhancing Cerebral Blood Flow With Near-Infrared Light Therapy in Mouse Model of a Chronic Hypoxia-Induced Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Stenosis. Journal of biophotonics 2026. link 46 Gan Q, Xu G, Cao L, Fu P. Retrograde endovascular recanalization via the ascending cervical artery for non-conical stump vertebral artery occlusion: a case report. Acta neurochirurgica 2026. link 47 Zhang F, Shen W, Zhong S, Wen K, Wang H. Therapeutic Targeting of the IRF9/RTN4/RHOA/ROCK Pathway via RVG29-Modified PLGA Nanoparticles and rTMS for Neural and Vascular Regeneration Post-Cerebral Infarction. Advanced healthcare materials 2026. link 48 Weissberg JC, Lehane D, Florentino S, Grafmuller L, Newhall K, Desai KA et al.. Post-stent balloon dilation is associated with postoperative hypotension after transcarotid artery revascularization. Journal of vascular surgery 2026. link 49 Shakya K, Nabeel PM, Joseph J, Chowdhury SR. Fluid-structure interaction analysis of carotid artery stenosis: Impact of concentric versus eccentric morphologies on hemodynamic parameters. Computer methods and programs in biomedicine 2026. link 50 Lin Y, Zhang K, Zhang M, Yin L, Liu Z, Meng Y et al.. Analysis of Serum VCAN-AS1 Expression Level in Patients with Cerebral Infarction Secondary Epilepsy and Its Mechanism by Regulating miR-885-3p/NTNG1. Neurochemical research 2026. link 51 Luo J, Jiang C, Wang H, Peng R, Wang T, Kuai D et al.. Effect of drug-coated balloon in patients with severe vertebral artery origin stenosis: A multicenter randomized controlled trial. International journal of stroke : official journal of the International Stroke Society 2026. link 52 Gao Y, Wang L, Zhang H, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Wang C et al.. Medical management and revascularization for asymptomatic carotid stenosis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of neurology 2026. link 53 Keskin B, Ergun O, Birgi E, Conkbayır I, Tangobay E, Öztekin MF et al.. Effects of statins on restenosis after carotid artery stenting. Vascular 2026. link 54 Garabet W, Mulorz J, Mazrekaj A, Shabes P, Rembe JD, Arnautovic A et al.. Long-Term Effectiveness and Safety of Dacron Patch (Uni-Graft. Annals of vascular surgery 2026. link 55 Brott TG, Howard G, Lal BK, Voeks JH, Turan TN, Roubin GS et al.. Medical Management and Revascularization for Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis. The New England journal of medicine 2026. link 56 Khan I, Athar M, Ahmad M, Amir E, Bashir AMD, Abdi SR et al.. "Evolving Trends of Hypertension and Cerebral Infarction-Related Mortality in the United States From 2000 to 2020". The American journal of cardiology 2026. link 57 Lei B, Chen L, Luo W, Chen Y, Wu H, Wu J et al.. Follow-up Optical Coherence Tomography Evaluation of Endothelialization in Drug-eluting Stents for Symptomatic Vertebral Artery Stenosis: a Report of Nine Cases. Clinical neuroradiology 2026. link 58 Zhang Y, Wang T, Liu X, Chen L, Ding X, Yu J et al.. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging improves diagnosis of cervical internal carotid artery pseudo occlusion. Journal of vascular surgery 2026. link 59 Salameh MJ, Ratchford EV. Contemporary Medical Management of Carotid Artery Stenosis. Seminars in vascular surgery 2026. link 60 El-Hajj VG, Roy JM, Musmar B, Kim WJ, Rizzuto M, Ellens N et al.. Safety of carotid endarterectomy in the elderly and octogenarian population: a nationwide study including 80,000 patients. Neurosurgical review 2026. link 61 Liu X, Liu X, Zhang Y, Zheng Y, Chen K, Zhang Z et al.. Impact of Periprocedural Hemodynamic Depression on Outcomes After Carotid Artery Stenting: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cardiovascular and interventional radiology 2026. link 62 Kania TA, Shah S, Guo T, Maningat AL, Lewis AJ, Ryer EJ et al.. Safety and Efficacy of Bivalirudin as a Heparin Alternative in Patients Undergoing Carotid Artery Stenting. Annals of vascular surgery 2026. link 63 Greatbatch C, Arnott M, Robertson C. Application of artificial intelligence in carotid endarterectomy and carotid artery stenting: A systematic review. Vascular 2026. link 64 Alnaeem MM. Cognitive impairment and quality of life in patients with carotid artery stenosis pre-revascularization: a scoping review. Neurological research 2026. link 65 Liu L, Chen L, Dong A, Jia G, Liu M. Increased 68 Ga-FAPI-04 Uptake in Cerebral Infarction. Clinical nuclear medicine 2026. link 66 Li H, Zou A, Xiao W, Gao X, Wei Z, Yu S. Cerebral Embolism Caused by Thrombosis of Aortic Sinus. Journal of clinical ultrasound : JCU 2026. link 67 Wei Z, Wu H, Feng Y, Ma Y, Sun W, Zhang T et al.. The utility of high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging in the detection of fibrotic plaques associated with chronic internal carotid artery occlusion. Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia 2026. link 68 Yoon TH, Jeon BH, Lee CH, Jang JS, Cho JW. Propensity Score-Adjusted Comparative Analysis of Modified Eversion Versus Conventional Carotid Endarterectomy: Early Clinical Outcomes and Survival. Vascular and endovascular surgery 2026. link 69 Zhang K, Zhang X, Wang A, Zhong W, Pei Y, Jin H et al.. Nattokinase supplementation for cognitive enhancement in asymptomatic intracranial/carotid stenosis: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association 2026. link 70 Huang JS, Chen BY, Huang JW, Cai W, Chen MY. Serum Direct Bilirubin and Hemoglobin A1c Predict Cognitive Impairment After Diabetes Mellitus Combined with Cerebral Infarction. Clinical laboratory 2026. link 71 Rothstein AE, Brown KR. Gender and racial disparities in the treatment of carotid artery stenosis. Seminars in vascular surgery 2026. link 72 Numamoto H, Fujimoto K, Okuchi S, Miyake KK, Fushimi Y, Maki T et al.. Simultaneous Visualization of the Carotid and Subclavian Arteries Using Non-Contrast-Enhanced MR Angiography With a 3D Fast Field Echo Sequence and Time-Spatial Labeling Inversion Pulse: A Comparison With 3D Time-of-Flight MR Angiography. Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI 2026. link 73 Goto Y, Ide T, Inoue Y, Nagaishi Y, Tsumura K, Shichijo C et al.. Transient Antiphospholipid Antibody Positivity in a Patient with Cerebral Infarction Due to Vertebral Artery Dissection: A Case Report and Literature Review. Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) 2026. link 74 Luo Y, Yi TY, Zhang Y, Qin Y, Tian Q, Lin DL et al.. A Multicenter retrospective study of the COSIS technique in the treatment of chronic internal carotid artery occlusion. Journal of neurointerventional surgery 2026. link 75 Choo SMT, Mohamad FH, Mohamad SMS, Abdullah JM, Halim KBA, Hamid AAA et al.. Exploring the role of zolpidem in alleviating cognitive and motor impairments in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion: a rat model study with in vivo and in silico insights. Experimental animals 2026. link 76 Hu G, Shi R, Li Y, Wang L, Zhao J, Liu L et al.. RIP1 Exacerbates BBB Disruption by Impairing Autophagy-Mediated A2 Astrocyte Polarization in Hypertension-Induced Cerebral Microhemorrhage in Mice. Neurochemical research 2026. link 77 Li B, Cao H, Takase H, Allu SR, Wu Y, Fu B et al.. Mismatch between oxygen delivery and consumption in the cerebral watershed during subacute global hypoperfusion. Experimental neurology 2026. link 78 Ihle-Hansen H, Walle-Hansen MM, Berge T, Ihle-Hansen H, Rønningen PS, Omland T et al.. Burden of atherosclerosis, cardiovascular risk factors and atrial fibrillation in individuals with covert brain infarcts in late midlife: the Akershus Cardiac Examination 1950 Study. BMJ open 2026. link 79 Qiu M, Xu Y, Hu B, Zheng K, Shao G, Yu L et al.. Prediction of Neurological Functional Recovery after Carotid Endarterectomy Using Machine Learning and Carotid Computed Tomography Angiography Radiomics. World neurosurgery 2026. link 80 Parlani G, Isernia G, Romano L, Del Mastro FP, Cao P, Lenti M et al.. Eight-year single- center experience with double-layer carotid stent. Journal of vascular surgery 2026. link 81 Hassan AA, Sharaby SA, Elbosraty EE, Abdo MI, Shaban AA, Awad FM et al.. Comparative Safety and Efficacy of Transcarotid Artery Revascularization Versus Transfemoral Carotid Artery Stenting: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Annals of vascular surgery 2026. link 82 Zeng HL, Zheng L, Hui Y, Wang J, Chen S, Cui F et al.. Association of Multiple Plasma Metals With Cerebral Microbleeds: A Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Based Study. Journal of the American Heart Association 2026. link 83 Zhao S, Hu P, Tang L. Simultaneous Bilateral Carotid Artery Stenting on Elderly Patients. Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP 2025. link 84 Wu J, Chen J, Ji D. Clinical Study of Computed Tomography Angiography for Acute Cerebral Infarction. Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP 2025. link 85 Mei F, Zhang W, Jiang P, Tan C, Cui Y, Fan J et al.. Comparison of the treatment strategies for symptomatic chronic internal carotid artery occlusion. Journal of vascular surgery 2025. link 86 Westreicher W, Goidinger A, Gruber I, Grams A, Knoflach M, Wipper S et al.. Caseload and In-Hospital Outcome of Carotid Surgery Performed during the COVID-19 Pandemic vs. Previous Years: A Single-Centre Analysis. 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Journal of vascular surgery 2025. link 91 Ding J, Maldonado TS. Timing of Intervention in Symptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis. Annals of vascular surgery 2025. link 92 Chen H, Colasurdo M, Costa ML, Kan P. Endovascular management of extracranial vertebral artery stenosis. Journal of neurointerventional surgery 2025. link 93 Li M, Ma T, Yin X, Zhang X, Long T, Zeng M et al.. Cerebral oximetry index indicates delirium or stroke after carotid endarterectomy: An observational study. Journal of clinical anesthesia 2025. link 94 Kazantsev AN, Korotkikh AV, Artyukhov SV, Shmatov DV, Chernyavin MP, Leader RY et al.. Long-term outcomes of carotid endarterectomy with eversion technique in patients with an open circle of Willis: A multicenter registry study. Vascular 2025. link 95 Voeks JH, Hanlon B, Brott TG, Matsumura JS, Rosenfield K, Roubin GS et al.. Age effect in asymptomatic carotid stenosis in the CREST and ACT-1 stenting vs endarterectomy trials. 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Original source

[1]
Metachronous Cardio-Cerebral Infarction: A Rehabilitation Conundrum in Dual Pathology Recovery. — Ngimron AF, Zainudin MF, Rusli MRM, Roslan NFA American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation (2026)
[2]
Medical Management of Patients With Symptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis. — Lim ETA, Ying G, Bernau O, Frampton C, Khashram M Annals of vascular surgery (2026)
[3]
Cerebral Infarction Triggered by Swallowing-Induced Compression of an Aberrant Right Subclavian Artery. — Kobayashi Y, Kobayashi KI, Yuazawa C, Kurashina M, Shimizu Y, Hanaoka Y et al. Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) (2026)
[4]
Carotid perivascular adipose tissue in CT before and after treatment for severe internal carotid artery stenosis. — Secchi F, Monti CB, Baroni I, Bari V, Perillo N, Conti M et al. European journal of radiology (2026)
[5]
Neuroprotective Effect of Sweet Potato Petiole and Leaf Dry-Powder in a Gerbil Model of Transient Cerebral Ischaemia. — Sugai K, Oda A, Maeda Y, Murakami Y, Fujisawa M, Shibata M et al. Veterinary medicine and science (2026)
[6]
Types of carotid stents and their associated strengths and limitations. — Dubosq-Lebaz M, Gray WA, Schneider PA, Koo CYC, Jouffroy M, Secemsky EA Seminars in vascular surgery (2026)
[7]
Relationship Between Degree of Stenosis and Time-to-Peak Delay in High Grade Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Disease. — Marshall RS, Lal BK, Edwards LJ, Huston J, Meschia JF, Brott TG et al. Stroke (2026)
[8]
Efficacy of goal-directed rehabilitation on functional recovery in patients with cerebral infarction. — Zhang W, Li M, Yang B, Zhang W Medicine (2026)
[9]
Sex Differences in the Outcomes after Carotid Revascularization in Real-World Experience. — Mazzaccaro D, Boveri S, Girani E, Righini PCM, Nano G Annals of vascular surgery (2026)
[10]
Cerebral infarction in red panda (Ailurus fulgens). — Nakamura T, Takano G, Sugiyama M, Jo M, Furuta K, Kawaguchi H The Journal of veterinary medical science (2026)
[11]
Whole-Plaque Adventitial Enhancement on Contrast-Enhanced MRI DANTE T1-SPACE as a Marker of Carotid Plaque Vulnerability. — Tsujimoto Y, Okawa M, Yamashita H, Fushimi Y, Ueno K, Grinstead J et al. World neurosurgery (2026)
[12]
Outcomes of Carotid Artery Revascularization in Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis: A Stroke Center Analysis. — Esquetini-Vernon C, Meschia JF, Rajab M, Huang J, Polania-Sandoval C, Barrett KM et al. Annals of vascular surgery (2026)
[13]
Carotid plaque heterogeneity and lower calcified volume on computed tomography angiography are associated with neurologic symptoms. — Stemmler S, Zeller T, Westermann D, Czerny M, Soschynski M, Macharzina RR Clinical radiology (2026)
[14]
Free-Cell Area Impact on Stroke Prevention in Asymptomatic Patients Undergoing Carotid Artery Stenting: The "Carotid Artery sTenting And CeLl-area Impact on Stroke and Major Adverse events" (CATACLISMA) Multicenter Registry. — Desantis C, Zacà S, Boggia P, Menna D, Spertino A, Esposito D et al. Journal of endovascular therapy : an official journal of the International Society of Endovascular Specialists (2026)
[15]
Xuesaitong injection for acute cerebral infarction: Efficacy and safety meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. — Liu Y, Chai K, Guo M, Chen X, Wang H, Zhang X et al. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology (2026)
[16]
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