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Cardiology831 papers

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy

Last edited: 4/23/2026

Overview

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, also known as "broken heart syndrome," is an acute, reversible cardiac condition characterized by transient left ventricular dysfunction, often triggered by physical or emotional stress 2. It mimics acute coronary syndrome but lacks significant coronary artery disease 2.

Diagnosis

Clinical Presentation: Transient left ventricular dysfunction, often with apical ballooning pattern 2.

Electrocardiogram (ECG): May show ST-segment elevation or T-wave inversions mimicking acute myocardial infarction 2 33.

Echocardiography: Essential for identifying regional wall motion abnormalities 2 13.

Cardiac MRI: Useful for detecting myocardial edema and ruling out other conditions like hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 35 52.

Coronary Angiography: Typically normal or shows non-obstructive coronary arteries 2.

Biomarkers: Elevated cardiac enzymes similar to myocardial infarction but without significant coronary artery involvement 2.

Management

Supportive Care: Oxygen, monitoring, and management of heart failure symptoms 2.

Inotropic Support: Vasoactive-Inotropic Score (VIS) can guide the need for inotropic agents in cardiogenic shock 14.

Sympathetic Inhibition: Techniques such as auricular vagus nerve stimulation to reduce sympathetic overactivity 18.

Avoidance of Triggers: Identifying and managing stressors that precipitated the episode 2 48.

Pharmacotherapy: Beta-blockers and ACE inhibitors may be considered post-recovery to prevent recurrence 2.

SGLT2 Inhibitors: Emerging evidence suggests potential benefits in improving long-term survival 25 30.

Special Populations

Pregnancy: Takotsubo can occur post-partum or during stressful obstetric events like caesarean sections 45.

Elderly: Higher complication rates and mortality observed, with age-related differences noted in outcomes 19 56.

Comorbidities: Diabetes may have a lower prevalence but still impacts outcomes 49. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) complicates management but outcomes are comparable to primary TTS 50.

Key Recommendations

Primary Diagnostic Approach: Utilize echocardiography and cardiac MRI to confirm transient left ventricular dysfunction and rule out other cardiomyopathies 2 35. (Evidence: Strong)

Supportive Measures: Implement supportive care including oxygen therapy and management of heart failure symptoms in acute phases 2. (Evidence: Strong)

Monitor and Manage Shock: Use the Vasoactive-Inotropic Score to guide inotropic support in cases of cardiogenic shock 14. (Evidence: Moderate)

Consider Sympathetic Modulation: Explore techniques like vagus nerve stimulation to reduce sympathetic overdrive 18. (Evidence: Expert opinion)

Long-term Monitoring: Evaluate the potential benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors for improved long-term outcomes 25 30. (Evidence: Moderate)

Tailored Management Based on Comorbidities: Adjust management strategies considering comorbidities like diabetes and COPD 49 50. (Evidence: Moderate)

References

Showing 100 most recent of 380 indexed papers.

1 Gallen C, Endamena GB, Kallala Y, Boussofara A, Landolff Q. Correlation Between Index of Microcirculatory Resistance and Angiography-Derived Microcirculatory Resistance in Takotsubo Syndrome. Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions : official journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions 2026. link 2 Inban P, Thai A, Parekh RS, Kudaiarov D, Thalamanchi K, John J et al.. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy: Advances in pathophysiology, diagnostic biomarkers, genetic insights, multisystemic involvement, treatment updates & multidisciplinary interventions. Disease-a-month : DM 2026. link 3 Zulfaj E, Nejat A, Kalani M, Miljanovic A, Ekström K, Crescitelli R et al.. Proteomic analysis of tissue-derived extracellular vesicles shows region-specific molecular changes in a rat model of takotsubo syndrome. Scientific reports 2026. link 4 Cau R, Luetkens J, Pontone G, Muscogiuri G, Faletti R, Montisci R et al.. Physical triggers in takotsubo syndrome: a high-risk phenotype? insights from the eVOLUTION registry. European heart journal. Cardiovascular Imaging 2026. link 5 Quader T, Jirjis A, Khanna S, Gu K, Bhat A, Chen H et al.. Novel predictors of major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy: a contemporary analysis. Internal medicine journal 2026. link 6 Madias JE. Takotsubo syndrome-2024: Changing trends in diagnosis and management of patients reported in the world literature. Current problems in cardiology 2026. link 7 Siby A, Hashemzadeh M, Movahed MR. Higher Mortality in Male Patients with Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy Appears to Be Related to Higher Complication Rates. The American journal of cardiology 2026. link 8 Sans-Roselló J, Fernández-Peregrina E, Kuku KO, Torres-Ruiz G, Sionis A, Ribas-Closa A et al.. Timing of cardiogenic shock and clinical outcomes in takotsubo syndrome: A multicenter cohort study. International journal of cardiology 2026. link 9 Marano P, Washington K, Chazarin B, Sundararaman N, Raedschelders K, Maughan J et al.. Takotsubo Syndrome: The First Non-Acute Proteomic Analysis by Remote Dried Blood Microsampling. Journal of cardiovascular translational research 2026. link 10 Gartenberg A, Mathew T, Blyakher M, Chertoff A. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy induced by opioid withdrawal: a case report. CJEM 2026. link 11 Chen Y, Chang A, Cheng F, Di Vece D, Würdinger M, Theil P et al.. A nomogram for predicting in-hospital death in a multinational cohort of patients with takotsubo syndrome. European journal of clinical investigation 2026. link 12 Garg R. Happy Heart Syndrome: A Review of Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy Triggered by Positive Emotional Stressors. The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India 2026. link 13 Cheong I, Merlo PM, Tamagnone FM. Role of speckle-tracking echocardiography in diagnosing reverse Takotsubo syndrome in the intensive care unit. Journal of ultrasound 2026. link 14 Tomasino M, Vila-Sanjuán S, Vazirani R, Salamanca J, Martínez-Sellés M, Ruiz-Ruiz J et al.. Vasoactive-Inotropic Score in Takotsubo syndrome induced cardiogenic shock. Medicina intensiva 2026. link 15 Cappadona I, Pagano M, Cardile D, Patti E, Ansaldo A, Anselmo A et al.. Takotsubo: a systematic review of the neurological and psychological implications of a broken heart. Future cardiology 2026. link 16 Huang Y, Zeng P, Liu T, Xu M, Tang W, Cheng F et al.. Shared inflammation in takotsubo syndrome and sepsis: Lipocalin-2 mediates neutrophil infiltration and cardiac damage. Cytokine 2026. link 17 Gamble DT, Ross J, Khan H, Cheyne L, Rudd A, Srivanasan J et al.. Physical Exercise or Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Circulation. Heart failure 2026. link 18 Jin X, Huang Y, Luo L, Tang W, Chong TK, Pan C et al.. Auricular Vagus nerve stimulation alleviates cardiac dysfunction in Takotsubo syndrome by inhibiting excessive activation of the sympathetic nerve system and inflammation. Translational research : the journal of laboratory and clinical medicine 2026. link 19 Tomasino M, Vazirani R, Salamanca J, Raposeiras-Roubin S, Fernández-Cordón C, Corbí-Pascual M et al.. Age-related differences in cardiogenic shock secondary to Takotsubo syndrome. European journal of clinical investigation 2026. link 20 Santoro F, Arcari L, Núñez Gil IJ, Ragnatela I, Di Nunno N, El-Battrawy I et al.. Focal Takotsubo syndrome: Clinical features and outcomes. International journal of cardiology 2026. link 21 Omerovic E, Redfors B. Takotsubo syndrome: pathophysiological insights and innovations in patient care. Nature reviews. Cardiology 2026. link 22 Bánfi-Bacsárdi F, Forrai Z, Piróth Z, Muk B. Diagnostic challenges of Takotsubo syndrome in the context of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy phenocopy. BMJ case reports 2026. link 23 Boshchenko AA, Kurbatov BK, Maslov LN, Mukhomedzyanov AV, Derkachev IA, Naryzhnaya NV et al.. The role of adrenergic receptors and sex steroid hormones in takotsubo syndrome. Physiology international 2026. link 24 Kaldas M, Shah M, Ivanova V, Alnaimat S, Pashaieva D, Williams R et al.. Errate: Takotsubo Syndrome Triggered by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Pneumonitis: A Multidisciplinary Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenge. The American journal of case reports 2026. link 25 Arcari L, Camastra G, Sclafani M, Ciolina F, Belmonte E, Castiello T et al.. SGLT2 inhibitors therapy in patients with acute Takotsubo syndrome. International journal of cardiology 2026. link 26 Palm P, Wallach-Kildemoes H, Bang LE, Berg SK. Difference in Long-Term Mortality after Takotsubo Syndrome: The Role of Gender, Disease Burden, Socio-Economic Profile, and Psychological Distress. Cardiology 2026. link 27 Shah M, Mehta N, Gill N. A Rare Case of Reverse Variant of Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy in a Postpartum Female and How to Differentiate It from Peripartum Cardiomyopathy. The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India 2026. link 28 Ariza-Carrasco A, Yoganathan T, de Leciñana MA, Viel T, Mikail N, Herraiz JL et al.. Stress-induced takotsubo syndrome: dynamic changes in regional cerebral metabolism revealed by quantitative PET imaging. NeuroImage 2026. link 29 Ouaddi S, Liu C, Keirns N, Dunsiger S, Breault C, Song C et al.. Use of Serotonin and Catecholamine Reuptake Inhibitors and Onset of Takotsubo Syndrome. Biopsychosocial science and medicine 2026. link 30 Rawish E, Lemmer F, Kurz K, Mezger M, Pätz T, Stiermaier T et al.. SGLT2 inhibitors are associated with improved long-term survival in Takotsubo syndrome: insights from large-scale real-world data. European heart journal. Cardiovascular pharmacotherapy 2026. link 31 Yang G, Zhong L, Wang J, Yang C, Cyganek L, Hamdani N et al.. Roles of Catecholamines and Inflammation in Endothelial Dysfunction: a Study Using Takotsubo Syndrome Patient-specific hiPSC-ECs. Stem cell reviews and reports 2026. link 32 Diaz-Arocutipa C, Benites-Moya CJ, Apple SJ, Vallabhajosyula S. Prognostic value of CHA2DS2-VASc score for in-hospital outcomes in patients with Takotsubo syndrome. Cardiovascular revascularization medicine : including molecular interventions 2025. link 33 Uribarri A, Vazirani R, Delia MA, Tomasino M, Fernández-Cordón C, Martín A et al.. Impact of mechanical circulatory support on outcomes in Takotsubo syndrome complicated by cardiogenic shock: Insights from the RETAKO registry. International journal of cardiology 2025. link 34 Li C, Li P, Lu X, Chen Y, Cai P, Teng C et al.. Comparing the in-hospital outcomes of patients with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Heart & lung : the journal of critical care 2025. link 35 Arcari L, Camastra G, Ciolina F, Belmonte E, De Santis D, Danti M et al.. Cardiac magnetic resonance in patients with Takotsubo syndrome: Clinical correlates of T2 mapping. International journal of cardiology 2025. link 36 Stiermaier T, Eitel I. Happy heart syndrome - The impact of different triggers on the characteristics of takotsubo syndrome. Trends in cardiovascular medicine 2025. link 37 Mussarat A, Stielper Z, Hayden C, Guillory S. Severe hyponatremia secondary to syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH): A rare cause of takotsubo (stress) cardiomyopathy. The American journal of the medical sciences 2025. link 38 Fazzini L, Casula M, Cau R, Figueiral M, Castrichini M, Binaghi G et al.. The Detection Rate of Late Gadolinium Enhancement in Takotsubo Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. The American journal of cardiology 2025. link 39 Ekenbäck C, Persson J, Tornvall P, Forsberg L, Spaak J. Sympathetic nerve activity and response to physiological stress in Takotsubo syndrome. Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society 2025. link 40 Banerjee T, Gulhane A, Bhatt A, Cham M. Beyond hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: unmasking alternative causes of LVOT obstruction on CMR. The international journal of cardiovascular imaging 2025. link 41 Matar AJ, Keiler J, Bolognese AC, Cimeno A, Whitmore C, Wehrle CJ et al.. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy following liver transplantation: A multicenter cohort study. Liver transplantation : official publication of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the International Liver Transplantation Society 2025. link 42 Madias JE. Could "preclinical takotsubo syndrome" be the cause of spontaneous coronary artery dissection?. Current problems in cardiology 2025. link 43 Margulescu AD, Premawardhana DA, Thomas DE. Prevalence and severity of QT prolongation and other ECG abnormalities in takotsubo syndrome. Journal of electrocardiology 2025. link 44 Habib M, Aronson D. Thromboembolic Complications in Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy. Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis 2025. link 45 Makarious L, Shetty P, Tanous D, Smith P. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy following ergometrine administration during caesarean section. BMJ case reports 2025. link 46 Perry JC, Akinti OM, Eneh C, Aiwuyo HO, Poluyi C, Emmanuel U et al.. Racial and ethnic disparities in clinical outcomes among patients with takotsubo syndrome; A nation-wide analysis. Cardiovascular revascularization medicine : including molecular interventions 2025. link 47 Madias JE. Comments on "QT interval prolongation in Takotsubo syndrome: a frightening feature with no major prognostic impact". Monaldi archives for chest disease = Archivio Monaldi per le malattie del torace 2025. link 48 Keirns NG, Rosen RK, Burg M, Gathright E, Ouaddi S, Tripolone J et al.. "Eventually…Your Body Just Can't No More": An Exploration of Patient Perspectives on Events Preceding Takotsubo Syndrome Episodes. The Journal of cardiovascular nursing 2025. link 49 Watanabe Y, Yoshikawa T, Arao K, Isogai T, Yamaguchi T, Egashira T et al.. Prevalence and Prognostic Impact of Diabetes in Takotsubo Syndrome: Insights from the Tokyo Cardiovascular Care Unit Network Registry. The American journal of cardiology 2025. link 50 Arcari L, Tini G, Zuccanti M, Camastra G, Cianca A, Belmonte E et al.. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of Takotsubo syndrome in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. European journal of internal medicine 2025. link 51 Pinho AI, Oliveira C, Santos LD, Marques C, Cabrita A, Dias P et al.. Authors' Response. Monaldi archives for chest disease = Archivio Monaldi per le malattie del torace 2025. link 52 Balode L, Kelly R, Higgins DM, Gamble D, Dawson D, Ross PJ. A comparison of T1ρ with native T1 and T2 mapping for detecting edema in takotsubo cardiomyopathy. Journal of cardiovascular magnetic resonance : official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance 2025. link 53 Movahed MR, Javanmardi E, Hashemzadeh M. High Mortality and Complications in Patients Admitted With Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy With More Than Double Mortality in Men Without Improvement in Outcome Over the Years. Journal of the American Heart Association 2025. link 54 Shadmand M, Lautze J, Md AM. Takotsubo pathophysiology and complications: what we know and what we do not know. Heart failure reviews 2024. link 55 Bachayev M, Brereton B, Mondal A, Alli-Ramsaroop BA, Dhakal R, Leon MCB et al.. Takotsubo Syndrome in Orthotopic Liver Transplant: A Systematic Review and Pooled Analysis of Published Studies and Case Reports. Transplantation proceedings 2024. link 56 Simon Frances B, Sans-Roselló J, Brugaletta S, Cerrato E, Alfonso F, Gonzalo N et al.. Impact of age on the outcomes of Takotsubo syndrome. Cardiovascular revascularization medicine : including molecular interventions 2024. link 57 Banai A, Retsky R, Lupu L, Levi E, Zahler D, Feder O et al.. Electromechanical Window and Spontaneous Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias in Takotsubo Syndrome. The American journal of cardiology 2024. link 58 Schweiger V, Gilhofer T, Fang R, Candreva A, Seifert B, Di Vece D et al.. Coronary microvascular dysfunction in Takotsubo syndrome: an analysis using angiography-derived index of microcirculatory resistance. Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society 2024. link 59 Pinho AI, Oliveira C, Santos LD, Marques C, Cabrita A, Dias P et al.. QT interval prolongation in Takotsubo syndrome: a frightening feature with no major prognostic impact. Monaldi archives for chest disease = Archivio Monaldi per le malattie del torace 2024. link 60 Abusnina W, Elhouderi E, Walters RW, Al-Abdouh A, Mostafa MR, Liu JL et al.. Sex Differences in the Clinical Outcomes of Patients With Takotsubo Stress Cardiomyopathy: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. The American journal of cardiology 2024. link 61 Yamanaka T, Ishihara T, Hara T, Ichinohe Y, Fukatsu T. "Happy Heart Syndrome" Followed Up with Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) 2024. link 62 Bruns B, Joos M, Elsous N, Katus HA, Schultz JH, Frey N et al.. Insulin resistance in Takotsubo syndrome. ESC heart failure 2024. link 63 Cau R, Muscogiuri G, Palmisano V, Porcu M, Pintus A, Montisci R et al.. Base-to-apex Gradient Pattern Assessed by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance in Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy. Journal of thoracic imaging 2024. link 64 Fakhra S, Faisaluddin M, Sattar Y, DeCicco D, Ahmed A, Patel N et al.. Trends and cardiovascular outcomes of Takotsubo syndrome with cardiogenic shock vs. mixed cardiogenic and septic shock: a nationwide propensity matched analysis. Expert review of cardiovascular therapy 2024. link 65 Novo G, Arcari L, Stiermaier T, Alaimo C, El-Battrawy I, Cacciotti L et al.. Statin therapy and outcome in Takotsubo syndrome patients: Results from the multicenter international GEIST registry. Atherosclerosis 2024. link 66 Li S, Yang S, Zhou S, Zhang S, Li X, Zhang H et al.. Is Takotsubo syndrome induced by patent ductus arteriosus occlusion?. BMC cardiovascular disorders 2024. link 67 Ahmed T, Lodhi SH, Haigh PJ, Sorrell VL. The many faces of takotsubo syndrome: A review. Current problems in cardiology 2024. link 68 Maurizi N, Antiochos P, Monney P. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy mimicking an apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The international journal of cardiovascular imaging 2024. link 69 Kanaji Y, Ozcan I, Tryon DN, Ahmad A, Sara JDS, Lewis B et al.. Predictive Value of Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Electrocardiography in Patients With Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy. Journal of the American Heart Association 2024. link 70 Tabira A, Misumi I, Sato K, Matsuda H, Iwasaki T, Usuku H et al.. Mid-ventricular Obstructive Cardiomyopathy after Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy. Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) 2023. link 71 Manolis AA, Manolis TA, Melita H, Manolis AS. Takotsubo Syndrome and Sudden Cardiac Death. Angiology 2023. link 72 Abuelazm M, Saleh O, Hassan AR, Ahmad S, Albarakat MM, Abdalshafy H et al.. Sex Difference in Clinical and Management Outcomes in Patients With Takotsubo Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Current problems in cardiology 2023. link 73 Wilk A, Król W, Anna ŻS, Ziemska-Gorczyca M, Tetera W, Konopka M et al.. Can longitudinal strain analysis differentiate between Takotsubo syndrome and acute coronary syndrome?. Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, N.Y.) 2023. link 74 Ioannou A. Iatrogenic adrenaline induced mid-ventricular Takotsubo cardiomyopathy: a case-based review. Irish journal of medical science 2023. link 75 Cau R, Pisu F, Porcu M, Cademartiri F, Montisci R, Bassareo P et al.. Machine learning approach in diagnosing Takotsubo cardiomyopathy: The role of the combined evaluation of atrial and ventricular strain, and parametric mapping. International journal of cardiology 2023. link 76 Cammann VL, Sarcon A, Szawan KA, Würdinger M, Azam S, Shinbane J et al.. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with takotsubo syndrome versus spontaneous coronary artery dissection. Cardiology journal 2023. link 77 Sagray E, Johnson JN, Anderson JH. Dobutamine-induced Takotsubo syndrome in a paediatric heart transplant patient. Cardiology in the young 2023. link 78 Dayco JS, Kherallah RY, Epstein J, Adegbala O, Reji C, Dirani K et al.. Correlation between Echocardiographic Diastolic Parameters and Invasive Measurements of Left Ventricular Filling Pressure in Patients with Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography 2023. link 79 Jabri A, Detuch Z, Butt MU, Haddadin F, Madanat L, Al-Abdouh A et al.. Independent Risk Factors for Thromboembolic Events in High-Risk Patients With Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy. Current problems in cardiology 2023. link 80 Dai Q, Li P, Bose A, Cai P, Jin L, Pan S et al.. Association of atrial fibrillation burden with in-hospital outcomes in patients with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. The American journal of the medical sciences 2023. link 81 Omerovic E, James S, Erlinge D, Hagström H, Venetsanos D, Henareh L et al.. Rationale and design of BROKEN-SWEDEHEART: a registry-based, randomized, parallel, open-label multicenter trial to test pharmacological treatments for broken heart (takotsubo) syndrome. American heart journal 2023. link 82 Kumar S, Chu M, Sans-Roselló J, Fernández-Peregrina E, Kahsay Y, Gonzalo N et al.. In-Hospital Heart Failure in Patients With Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy Due to Coronary Artery Disease: An Artificial Intelligence and Optical Coherence Tomography Study. Cardiovascular revascularization medicine : including molecular interventions 2023. link 83 Sans-Roselló J, Fernández-Peregrina E, Duran-Cambra A, Carreras-Mora J, Sionis A, Álvarez-García J et al.. Incremental prognostic value of global longitudinal strain to the coronary microvascular resistances in Takotsubo patients. The international journal of cardiovascular imaging 2023. link 84 Takuma S, Asaka T, Kitagawa Y, Fujisawa T. Takotsubo syndrome after a minimally invasive tooth extraction in a patient without dental phobia: A case report. Special care in dentistry : official publication of the American Association of Hospital Dentists, the Academy of Dentistry for the Handicapped, and the American Society for Geriatric Dentistry 2023. link 85 De Filippo O, Cammann VL, Pancotti C, Di Vece D, Silverio A, Schweiger V et al.. Machine learning-based prediction of in-hospital death for patients with takotsubo syndrome: The InterTAK-ML model. European journal of heart failure 2023. link 86 Khan H, Gamble DT, Rudd A, Mezincescu AM, Abbas H, Noman A et al.. Structural and Functional Brain Changes in Acute Takotsubo Syndrome. JACC. Heart failure 2023. link 87 Mogos MF, Ahn S, Muchira JM, Osmundson S, Piano MR. Pregnancy-associated takotsubo cardiomyopathy hospitalizations in the United States. American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology 2023. link 88 Isaak A, Bratz J, Kravchenko D, Mesropyan N, Eckardt I, Bischoff LM et al.. A novel and simple cardiac magnetic resonance score (PE. European radiology 2023. link 89 Omerovic E, Citro R, Bossone E, Redfors B, Backs J, Bruns B et al.. Pathophysiology of Takotsubo syndrome - a joint scientific statement from the Heart Failure Association Takotsubo Syndrome Study Group and Myocardial Function Working Group of the European Society of Cardiology - Part 1: overview and the central role for catecholamines and sympathetic nervous system. European journal of heart failure 2022. link 90 Omerovic E, Citro R, Bossone E, Redfors B, Backs J, Bruns B et al.. Pathophysiology of Takotsubo syndrome - a joint scientific statement from the Heart Failure Association Takotsubo Syndrome Study Group and Myocardial Function Working Group of the European Society of Cardiology - Part 2: vascular pathophysiology, gender and sex hormones, genetics, chronic cardiovascular problems and clinical implications. European journal of heart failure 2022. link 91 Ahmed-Man R, Lim Y, Lau KHG, Bhaumick S. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy secondary to elective sclerotherapy for varicose veins. BMJ case reports 2022. link 92 Topf A, Mirna M, Paar V, Motloch LJ, Grueninger J, Dienhart C et al.. The differential diagnostic value of selected cardiovascular biomarkers in Takotsubo syndrome. Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society 2022. link 93 Toida R, Uezono S, Komatsu H, Toida T, Imamura A, Fujimoto S et al.. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy after vaccination for coronavirus disease 2019 in a patient on maintenance hemodialysis. CEN case reports 2022. link 94 Looi JL, Verryt T, McLeod P, Chan C, Pemberton J, Webster M et al.. Type of Stressor and Medium-Term Outcomes After Takotsubo Syndrome: What Becomes of the Broken Hearted? (ANZACS-QI 59). Heart, lung & circulation 2022. link 95 Reddin G, Forrestal BJ, Garcia-Garcia HM, Medvedofsky D, Singh M, Asch FM et al.. Left ventricular global longitudinal strain assessment in patients with takotsubo cardiomyopathy: a call for an echocardiography-based classification. Minerva cardiology and angiology 2022. link 96 Napp LC, Westenfeld R, Møller JE, Pappalardo F, Ibrahim K, Bonello L et al.. Impella Mechanical Circulatory Support for Takotsubo Syndrome With Shock: A Retrospective Multicenter Analysis. Cardiovascular revascularization medicine : including molecular interventions 2022. link 97 Rizzetto F, Lia M, Widmann M, Tavella D, Zanolla L, Pighi M et al.. Prognostic impact of antiplatelet therapy in Takotsubo syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature. Heart failure reviews 2022. link 98 Lin Q, Fu Y, Chen Y, Zang X, Liu L. Misdiagnosed takotsubo syndrome: a case report. Annals of palliative medicine 2022. link 99 Seretis K, Bounas N, Vaikos D, Athanasiadis I. Takotsubo Syndrome in the Perioperative Period: A Case Report and a Comprehensive Review of Pertinent Literature. Annals of plastic surgery 2022. link 100 Weihs V, Pogran E, Kunschitz E, Weihs W, Prinz E, Eichenberg C et al.. Psychocardiological assessment in the acute phase of the takotsubo syndrome : Somatic and depressive disorders, resilience and illness perception. Wiener klinische Wochenschrift 2022. link

Original source

[1]
Correlation Between Index of Microcirculatory Resistance and Angiography-Derived Microcirculatory Resistance in Takotsubo Syndrome. — Gallen C, Endamena GB, Kallala Y, Boussofara A, Landolff Q Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions : official journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions (2026)
[2]
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy: Advances in pathophysiology, diagnostic biomarkers, genetic insights, multisystemic involvement, treatment updates & multidisciplinary interventions. — Inban P, Thai A, Parekh RS, Kudaiarov D, Thalamanchi K, John J et al. Disease-a-month : DM (2026)
[3]
Proteomic analysis of tissue-derived extracellular vesicles shows region-specific molecular changes in a rat model of takotsubo syndrome. — Zulfaj E, Nejat A, Kalani M, Miljanovic A, Ekström K, Crescitelli R et al. Scientific reports (2026)
[4]
Physical triggers in takotsubo syndrome: a high-risk phenotype? insights from the eVOLUTION registry. — Cau R, Luetkens J, Pontone G, Muscogiuri G, Faletti R, Montisci R et al. European heart journal. Cardiovascular Imaging (2026)
[5]
Novel predictors of major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy: a contemporary analysis. — Quader T, Jirjis A, Khanna S, Gu K, Bhat A, Chen H et al. Internal medicine journal (2026)
[6]
Takotsubo syndrome-2024: Changing trends in diagnosis and management of patients reported in the world literature. — Madias JE Current problems in cardiology (2026)
[7]
Higher Mortality in Male Patients with Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy Appears to Be Related to Higher Complication Rates. — Siby A, Hashemzadeh M, Movahed MR The American journal of cardiology (2026)
[8]
Timing of cardiogenic shock and clinical outcomes in takotsubo syndrome: A multicenter cohort study. — Sans-Roselló J, Fernández-Peregrina E, Kuku KO, Torres-Ruiz G, Sionis A, Ribas-Closa A et al. International journal of cardiology (2026)
[9]
Takotsubo Syndrome: The First Non-Acute Proteomic Analysis by Remote Dried Blood Microsampling. — Marano P, Washington K, Chazarin B, Sundararaman N, Raedschelders K, Maughan J et al. Journal of cardiovascular translational research (2026)
[10]
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy induced by opioid withdrawal: a case report. — Gartenberg A, Mathew T, Blyakher M, Chertoff A CJEM (2026)
[11]
A nomogram for predicting in-hospital death in a multinational cohort of patients with takotsubo syndrome. — Chen Y, Chang A, Cheng F, Di Vece D, Würdinger M, Theil P et al. European journal of clinical investigation (2026)
[12]
Happy Heart Syndrome: A Review of Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy Triggered by Positive Emotional Stressors. — Garg R The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India (2026)
[13]
Role of speckle-tracking echocardiography in diagnosing reverse Takotsubo syndrome in the intensive care unit. — Cheong I, Merlo PM, Tamagnone FM Journal of ultrasound (2026)
[14]
Vasoactive-Inotropic Score in Takotsubo syndrome induced cardiogenic shock. — Tomasino M, Vila-Sanjuán S, Vazirani R, Salamanca J, Martínez-Sellés M, Ruiz-Ruiz J et al. Medicina intensiva (2026)
[15]
Takotsubo: a systematic review of the neurological and psychological implications of a broken heart. — Cappadona I, Pagano M, Cardile D, Patti E, Ansaldo A, Anselmo A et al. Future cardiology (2026)
[16]
Shared inflammation in takotsubo syndrome and sepsis: Lipocalin-2 mediates neutrophil infiltration and cardiac damage. — Huang Y, Zeng P, Liu T, Xu M, Tang W, Cheng F et al. Cytokine (2026)
[17]
Physical Exercise or Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy: A Randomized Controlled Trial. — Gamble DT, Ross J, Khan H, Cheyne L, Rudd A, Srivanasan J et al. Circulation. Heart failure (2026)
[18]
Auricular Vagus nerve stimulation alleviates cardiac dysfunction in Takotsubo syndrome by inhibiting excessive activation of the sympathetic nerve system and inflammation. — Jin X, Huang Y, Luo L, Tang W, Chong TK, Pan C et al. Translational research : the journal of laboratory and clinical medicine (2026)
[19]
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