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Anesthesiology2240 papers

Malignant neoplasm of maxillofacial bone

Last edited: 4/13/2026

Overview

Malignant neoplasms of the maxillofacial bone encompass a range of primary bone cancers and secondary metastases affecting the oral cavity, maxilla, and mandible. These tumors pose significant challenges due to their location and potential impact on function and cosmesis. 252650

Diagnosis

  • Imaging studies including CT and MRI are essential for initial assessment and staging 2526.
  • Biopsy confirmation is critical for definitive diagnosis 2526.
  • Radiological grading systems may help assess tumor aggressiveness and extent 50.

    • Management

  • Primary Treatment: Surgical resection with or without reconstruction, often requiring multidisciplinary team involvement 252650.
  • Adjuvant Therapy: Radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy based on histological type and stage 2526.
  • Antibiotic Prophylaxis: Recommended preoperatively to reduce surgical site infections 7.
  • Anesthesia: Office-based anesthesia models with anesthesia teams are crucial for safe sedation and pain management 192133.

    • Special Populations

  • Pediatrics: Specific considerations for anesthesia and surgical techniques to minimize trauma and optimize recovery 2259.
  • Elderly: Increased focus on functional outcomes and minimizing complications due to comorbidities 33.
  • Comorbidities: Tailored management plans considering concurrent health issues like cardiovascular disease or immunosuppression 3343.

    • Key Recommendations

  • Utilize advanced imaging (CT, MRI) for accurate staging and planning of surgical interventions 2526. (Evidence: Strong)
  • Implement multidisciplinary approaches including surgical, radiological, and oncological specialists for comprehensive care 2526. (Evidence: Strong)
  • Administer prophylactic antibiotics preoperatively to reduce the risk of surgical site infections 7. (Evidence: Moderate)
  • Employ anesthesia teams in office-based settings to ensure safe sedation practices during maxillofacial procedures 1921. (Evidence: Moderate)
  • Tailor treatment plans to account for patient-specific factors such as age and comorbidities to optimize outcomes 3343. (Evidence: Moderate)

    • References

    1 Jung MS, Maloney B, Kearns G. Farm-related maxillofacial injuries - a five-year retrospective review. Irish journal of medical science 2026. link 2 Shi Y, Ye X, Shen Y, Zhang X, Liu X, Zhang X. Implementation on the Teaching Reform Project for the Emergency Management of Oral and Maxillofacial Soft Tissue Trauma. Journal of dental education 2025. link 3 Zhou J, Wan T, Miao R, Tang W, Liu L, Long J et al.. Oral and maxillofacial emergencies: A retrospective study of 5220 cases in West China. Dental traumatology : official publication of International Association for Dental Traumatology 2023. link 4 Holden AM. MaxSim: a novel simulation-based education course for OMFS emergencies. The British journal of oral & maxillofacial surgery 2022. link 5 Ephros H, Shah S, Herrod RJ. A Review of Sedation Agents. Oral and maxillofacial surgery clinics of North America 2022. link 6 Siddiqui HK, Ghauri K, Raza Khan MF. Oral maxillofacial surgical residency and its impact on the academic and research productivity at different levels in Pakistan. JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association 2022. link 7 Milic T, Raidoo P, Gebauer D. Antibiotic prophylaxis in oral and maxillofacial surgery: a systematic review. The British journal of oral & maxillofacial surgery 2021. link 8 Shen YQ, Liu Y, Jiang L, Guo YB, Liao Q. [Analysis of 137740 dental emergency cases from 2017 to 2018]. Shanghai kou qiang yi xue = Shanghai journal of stomatology 2021. link 9 Shah I, Lahooti RA, Khan MN. Informed consent practices in oral and maxillofacial surgery setups - an audit report. JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association 2021. link 10 Champion A, Mulholland C. Controlled Substance Disposal Practices of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons 2021. link 11 Al Ryalat N, Ryalat S, Al-Abdalla M, Al-Shayyab MH, Samara O, Taimeh D et al.. Women in Maxillofacial Surgery and Otolaryngology; Career Obstacles and Success Factors. The Journal of craniofacial surgery 2021. link 12 Kaban LB, Perrott DH. Dual-degree Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Training in the United States: "Back to the Future". Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons 2020. link 13 Lee JS, Roser SM, Aziz SR. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries. Oral and maxillofacial surgery clinics of North America 2020. link 14 Busaidy KF. Advances in Surgical Training Using Simulation. Oral and maxillofacial surgery clinics of North America 2019. link 15 Alvarez C, Monasterio G, Cavalla F, Córdova LA, Hernández M, Heymann D et al.. Osteoimmunology of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases: Translational Applications Based on Biological Mechanisms. Frontiers in immunology 2019. link 16 Rayner C, Ragan MR. Are You Ready for Emergency Medical Services in Your Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Office?. Oral and maxillofacial surgery clinics of North America 2018. link 17 Drew SJ. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Team Anesthesia Model and Anesthesia Assistant Training. Oral and maxillofacial surgery clinics of North America 2018. link 18 Bennett JD. Preoperative Preparation and Planning of the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Patient. Oral and maxillofacial surgery clinics of North America 2017. link 19 Fain DW, Ferguson BL, Indresano AT, Johnson JD, Rafetto LK, Farrell S et al.. The Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Anesthesia Team Model. Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons 2017. link 20 Abramowicz S, Kaban LB, Wurtzel AS, Roser SM. Are oral and maxillofacial surgery residents being adequately trained to care for pediatric patients?. Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology and oral radiology 2017. link 21 Bosack RC. Monitoring for the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon. Oral and maxillofacial surgery clinics of North America 2017. link 22 Martinez-Simon A, Cacho-Asenjo E, Hernando B, Honorato-Cia C, Naval L, Panadero A et al.. Loading dose of Dexdor. Revista espanola de anestesiologia y reanimacion 2017. link 23 Elledge RO, McAleer S. Planning the content of a brief educational course in maxillofacial emergencies for staff in accident and emergency departments: a modified Delphi study. The British journal of oral & maxillofacial surgery 2015. link 24 Castelo-Baz P, Leira-Feijoo Y, Seoane-Romero JM, Varela-Centelles P, Seoane J. Accessibility to editorial information in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery journals: The authors' point of view. Journal of cranio-maxillo-facial surgery : official publication of the European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery 2015. link 25 Boffano P, Roccia F, Zavattero E, Dediol E, Uglešić V, Kovačič Ž et al.. European Maxillofacial Trauma (EURMAT) project: a multicentre and prospective study. Journal of cranio-maxillo-facial surgery : official publication of the European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery 2015. link 26 Arangio P, Vellone V, Torre U, Calafati V, Capriotti M, Cascone P. Maxillofacial fractures in the province of Latina, Lazio, Italy: review of 400 injuries and 83 cases. Journal of cranio-maxillo-facial surgery : official publication of the European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery 2014. link 27 DeAngelis AF, Barrowman RA, Harrod R, Nastri AL. Review article: Maxillofacial emergencies: Maxillofacial trauma. Emergency medicine Australasia : EMA 2014. link 28 Chen J, Zhou JQ, Chen ZF, Huang Y, Jiang H. Efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine versus propofol for the sedation of tube-retention after oral maxillofacial surgery. Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons 2014. link 29 Rastogi A, Gyanesh P, Nisha S, Agarwal A, Mishra P, Tiwari AK. Comparison of general anaesthesia versus regional anaesthesia with sedation in selected maxillofacial surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of cranio-maxillo-facial surgery : official publication of the European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery 2014. link 30 Cortese A, Savastano G, Amato M, Pantaleo G, Claudio PP. Intraoral epimucosal fixation for reducible maxillary fractures of the jaws; surgical considerations in comparison to current techniques. The Journal of craniofacial surgery 2014. link 31 Jaggi N, Kalra A, Baghla GK, Medsinge SV, Purohit N. Evaluation of propofol as a general anesthetic agent for minor oral surgical procedure. The journal of contemporary dental practice 2013. link 32 Stronczek MJ. Determining the appropriate oral surgery anesthesia modality, setting, and team. Oral and maxillofacial surgery clinics of North America 2013. link 33 Burnham R, Martin T. Maxillofacial injuries in the workplace. The British journal of oral & maxillofacial surgery 2013. link 34 Roccia F, Boffano P, Bianchi FA, Gerbino G. Maxillofacial injuries due to work-related accidents in the North West of Italy. Oral and maxillofacial surgery 2013. link 35 Rai A, Datarkar A, Borle R, Rai M. Comparative assessment between eyelet wiring and direct interdental wiring for achieving intermaxillary fixation: a prospective randomized clinical study. Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons 2012. link 36 Woo EJ. Adverse events reported after the use of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2. Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons 2012. link 37 Stancliffe H, Little R, Keith D, Durham J. An evaluation of senior house officer training in oral and maxillofacial surgery. British dental journal 2011. link 38 Braidy HF, Singh P, Ziccardi VB. Safety of deep sedation in an urban oral and maxillofacial surgery training program. Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons 2011. link 39 van Gijn DR. Oral and maxillofacial surgery - a case of mistaken identity?. British dental journal 2011. link 40 Makary L, Vornik V, Finn R, Lenkovsky F, McClelland AL, Thurmon J et al.. Prolonged recovery associated with dexmedetomidine when used as a sole sedative agent in office-based oral and maxillofacial surgery procedures. Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons 2010. link 41 White RL. Oral and maxillofacial surgery: defining our present; shaping our future. The Journal of the American College of Dentists 2009. link 42 Lee JS, Gonzalez ML, Chuang SK, Perrott DH. Comparison of methohexital and propofol use in ambulatory procedures in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons 2008. link 43 D'Eramo EM, Bontempi WJ, Howard JB. Anesthesia morbidity and mortality experience among Massachusetts oral and maxillofacial surgeons. Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons 2008. link 44 Rocha NS, Laureano Filho JR, Silva ED, Almeida RC. Perception of oral maxillofacial surgery by health-care professionals. International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery 2008. link 45 Suryadevara AC, Zandifar H, Guyer M, Kellman RM. Day float: an alternative to the night float coverage system for residency programs. The Laryngoscope 2008. link 46 Treasure T, Bennett J. Office-based anesthesia. Oral and maxillofacial surgery clinics of North America 2007. link 47 Adewole RA, Akinwande JA. Public and professional perception of oral and maxillofacial surgery (a pilot study). Nigerian quarterly journal of hospital medicine 2007. link 48 Brandt MT. Oral and maxillofacial aspects of diving medicine. Military medicine 2004. link 49 Al-Sebaei MO, Papageorge MB, Woo T. Technique for in-office cranial bone harvesting. Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons 2004. link 50 Motamedi MH. An assessment of maxillofacial fractures: a 5-year study of 237 patients. Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons 2003. link 51 Perrott DH, Yuen JP, Andresen RV, Dodson TB. Office-based ambulatory anesthesia: outcomes of clinical practice of oral and maxillofacial surgeons. Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons 2003. link00668-2) 52 Lloyd CJ, Alredy T, Lowry JC. Intranasal midazolam as an alternative to general anaesthesia in the management of children with oral and maxillofacial trauma. The British journal of oral & maxillofacial surgery 2000. link 53 Van de Perre JP, Stoelinga PJ, Blijdorp PA, Brouns JJ, Hoppenreijs TJ. Perioperative morbidity in maxillofacial orthopaedic surgery: a retrospective study. Journal of cranio-maxillo-facial surgery : official publication of the European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery 1996. link80056-4) 54 Hunter MJ, Rubeiz T, Rose L. Recognition of the scope of oral and maxillofacial surgery by the public and health care professionals. Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons 1996. link90357-2) 55 de Keizer RJ, Emmanouilidis-Spek K, Fakkel J. A special photo-epithesis. Case report. Documenta ophthalmologica. Advances in ophthalmology 1995. link 56 Korves B, Klimek L, Klein HM, Mösges R. Image- and model-based surgical planning in otolaryngology. The Journal of otolaryngology 1995. link 57 Blazucki JL. To change a smile: fabrication of a removable obturator. Trends & techniques in the contemporary dental laboratory 1993. link 58 Lowey MN, Halfpenny W. Observations on the use of rectally administered diazepam for sedating children before treatment of maxillofacial injuries: report of nine cases. International journal of paediatric dentistry 1993. link 59 Hunter JG. Pediatric maxillofacial trauma. Pediatric clinics of North America 1992. link38410-3) 60 Shifman A. Clinical applications of visible light-cured resin in maxillofacial prosthetics. Part I: Denture base and reline material. The Journal of prosthetic dentistry 1990. link90132-v) 61 Granite EL. Oronasal fistula following anterior maxillary osteotomy. Journal of oral surgery (American Dental Association : 1965) 1975. link

    Original source

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      Farm-related maxillofacial injuries - a five-year retrospective review. — Jung MS, Maloney B, Kearns G Irish journal of medical science (2026)
    2. [2]
      Implementation on the Teaching Reform Project for the Emergency Management of Oral and Maxillofacial Soft Tissue Trauma. — Shi Y, Ye X, Shen Y, Zhang X, Liu X, Zhang X Journal of dental education (2025)
    3. [3]
      Oral and maxillofacial emergencies: A retrospective study of 5220 cases in West China. — Zhou J, Wan T, Miao R, Tang W, Liu L, Long J et al. Dental traumatology : official publication of International Association for Dental Traumatology (2023)
    4. [4]
      MaxSim: a novel simulation-based education course for OMFS emergencies. — Holden AM The British journal of oral & maxillofacial surgery (2022)
    5. [5]
      A Review of Sedation Agents. — Ephros H, Shah S, Herrod RJ Oral and maxillofacial surgery clinics of North America (2022)
    6. [6]
      Oral maxillofacial surgical residency and its impact on the academic and research productivity at different levels in Pakistan. — Siddiqui HK, Ghauri K, Raza Khan MF JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association (2022)
    7. [7]
      Antibiotic prophylaxis in oral and maxillofacial surgery: a systematic review. — Milic T, Raidoo P, Gebauer D The British journal of oral & maxillofacial surgery (2021)
    8. [8]
      [Analysis of 137740 dental emergency cases from 2017 to 2018]. — Shen YQ, Liu Y, Jiang L, Guo YB, Liao Q Shanghai kou qiang yi xue = Shanghai journal of stomatology (2021)
    9. [9]
      Informed consent practices in oral and maxillofacial surgery setups - an audit report. — Shah I, Lahooti RA, Khan MN JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association (2021)
    10. [10]
      Controlled Substance Disposal Practices of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. — Champion A, Mulholland C Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (2021)
    11. [11]
      Women in Maxillofacial Surgery and Otolaryngology; Career Obstacles and Success Factors. — Al Ryalat N, Ryalat S, Al-Abdalla M, Al-Shayyab MH, Samara O, Taimeh D et al. The Journal of craniofacial surgery (2021)
    12. [12]
      Dual-degree Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Training in the United States: "Back to the Future". — Kaban LB, Perrott DH Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (2020)
    13. [13]
      Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries. — Lee JS, Roser SM, Aziz SR Oral and maxillofacial surgery clinics of North America (2020)
    14. [14]
      Advances in Surgical Training Using Simulation. — Busaidy KF Oral and maxillofacial surgery clinics of North America (2019)
    15. [15]
      Osteoimmunology of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases: Translational Applications Based on Biological Mechanisms. — Alvarez C, Monasterio G, Cavalla F, Córdova LA, Hernández M, Heymann D et al. Frontiers in immunology (2019)
    16. [16]
      Are You Ready for Emergency Medical Services in Your Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Office? — Rayner C, Ragan MR Oral and maxillofacial surgery clinics of North America (2018)
    17. [17]
      Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Team Anesthesia Model and Anesthesia Assistant Training. — Drew SJ Oral and maxillofacial surgery clinics of North America (2018)
    18. [18]
      Preoperative Preparation and Planning of the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Patient. — Bennett JD Oral and maxillofacial surgery clinics of North America (2017)
    19. [19]
      The Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Anesthesia Team Model. — Fain DW, Ferguson BL, Indresano AT, Johnson JD, Rafetto LK, Farrell S et al. Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (2017)
    20. [20]
      Are oral and maxillofacial surgery residents being adequately trained to care for pediatric patients? — Abramowicz S, Kaban LB, Wurtzel AS, Roser SM Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology and oral radiology (2017)
    21. [21]
      Monitoring for the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon. — Bosack RC Oral and maxillofacial surgery clinics of North America (2017)
    22. [22]
      Loading dose of Dexdor — Martinez-Simon A, Cacho-Asenjo E, Hernando B, Honorato-Cia C, Naval L, Panadero A et al. Revista espanola de anestesiologia y reanimacion (2017)
    23. [23]
      Planning the content of a brief educational course in maxillofacial emergencies for staff in accident and emergency departments: a modified Delphi study. — Elledge RO, McAleer S The British journal of oral & maxillofacial surgery (2015)
    24. [24]
      Accessibility to editorial information in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery journals: The authors' point of view. — Castelo-Baz P, Leira-Feijoo Y, Seoane-Romero JM, Varela-Centelles P, Seoane J Journal of cranio-maxillo-facial surgery : official publication of the European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery (2015)
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      European Maxillofacial Trauma (EURMAT) project: a multicentre and prospective study. — Boffano P, Roccia F, Zavattero E, Dediol E, Uglešić V, Kovačič Ž et al. Journal of cranio-maxillo-facial surgery : official publication of the European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery (2015)
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      Maxillofacial fractures in the province of Latina, Lazio, Italy: review of 400 injuries and 83 cases. — Arangio P, Vellone V, Torre U, Calafati V, Capriotti M, Cascone P Journal of cranio-maxillo-facial surgery : official publication of the European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery (2014)
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      Review article: Maxillofacial emergencies: Maxillofacial trauma. — DeAngelis AF, Barrowman RA, Harrod R, Nastri AL Emergency medicine Australasia : EMA (2014)
    28. [28]
      Efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine versus propofol for the sedation of tube-retention after oral maxillofacial surgery. — Chen J, Zhou JQ, Chen ZF, Huang Y, Jiang H Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (2014)
    29. [29]
      Comparison of general anaesthesia versus regional anaesthesia with sedation in selected maxillofacial surgery: a randomized controlled trial. — Rastogi A, Gyanesh P, Nisha S, Agarwal A, Mishra P, Tiwari AK Journal of cranio-maxillo-facial surgery : official publication of the European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery (2014)
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      Intraoral epimucosal fixation for reducible maxillary fractures of the jaws; surgical considerations in comparison to current techniques. — Cortese A, Savastano G, Amato M, Pantaleo G, Claudio PP The Journal of craniofacial surgery (2014)
    31. [31]
      Evaluation of propofol as a general anesthetic agent for minor oral surgical procedure. — Jaggi N, Kalra A, Baghla GK, Medsinge SV, Purohit N The journal of contemporary dental practice (2013)
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      Determining the appropriate oral surgery anesthesia modality, setting, and team. — Stronczek MJ Oral and maxillofacial surgery clinics of North America (2013)
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      Maxillofacial injuries in the workplace. — Burnham R, Martin T The British journal of oral & maxillofacial surgery (2013)
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      Maxillofacial injuries due to work-related accidents in the North West of Italy. — Roccia F, Boffano P, Bianchi FA, Gerbino G Oral and maxillofacial surgery (2013)
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      Comparative assessment between eyelet wiring and direct interdental wiring for achieving intermaxillary fixation: a prospective randomized clinical study. — Rai A, Datarkar A, Borle R, Rai M Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (2012)
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      Adverse events reported after the use of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2. — Woo EJ Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (2012)
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      An evaluation of senior house officer training in oral and maxillofacial surgery. — Stancliffe H, Little R, Keith D, Durham J British dental journal (2011)
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      Safety of deep sedation in an urban oral and maxillofacial surgery training program. — Braidy HF, Singh P, Ziccardi VB Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (2011)
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      Oral and maxillofacial surgery - a case of mistaken identity? — van Gijn DR British dental journal (2011)
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      Prolonged recovery associated with dexmedetomidine when used as a sole sedative agent in office-based oral and maxillofacial surgery procedures. — Makary L, Vornik V, Finn R, Lenkovsky F, McClelland AL, Thurmon J et al. Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (2010)
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      Oral and maxillofacial surgery: defining our present; shaping our future. — White RL The Journal of the American College of Dentists (2009)
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      Comparison of methohexital and propofol use in ambulatory procedures in oral and maxillofacial surgery. — Lee JS, Gonzalez ML, Chuang SK, Perrott DH Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (2008)
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      Anesthesia morbidity and mortality experience among Massachusetts oral and maxillofacial surgeons. — D'Eramo EM, Bontempi WJ, Howard JB Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (2008)
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      Perception of oral maxillofacial surgery by health-care professionals. — Rocha NS, Laureano Filho JR, Silva ED, Almeida RC International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery (2008)
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      Day float: an alternative to the night float coverage system for residency programs. — Suryadevara AC, Zandifar H, Guyer M, Kellman RM The Laryngoscope (2008)
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      Office-based anesthesia. — Treasure T, Bennett J Oral and maxillofacial surgery clinics of North America (2007)
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      Public and professional perception of oral and maxillofacial surgery (a pilot study). — Adewole RA, Akinwande JA Nigerian quarterly journal of hospital medicine (2007)
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      Oral and maxillofacial aspects of diving medicine. — Brandt MT Military medicine (2004)
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      Technique for in-office cranial bone harvesting. — Al-Sebaei MO, Papageorge MB, Woo T Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (2004)
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      An assessment of maxillofacial fractures: a 5-year study of 237 patients. — Motamedi MH Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (2003)
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      Office-based ambulatory anesthesia: outcomes of clinical practice of oral and maxillofacial surgeons. — Perrott DH, Yuen JP, Andresen RV, Dodson TB Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (2003)
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      Intranasal midazolam as an alternative to general anaesthesia in the management of children with oral and maxillofacial trauma. — Lloyd CJ, Alredy T, Lowry JC The British journal of oral & maxillofacial surgery (2000)
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      Perioperative morbidity in maxillofacial orthopaedic surgery: a retrospective study. — Van de Perre JP, Stoelinga PJ, Blijdorp PA, Brouns JJ, Hoppenreijs TJ Journal of cranio-maxillo-facial surgery : official publication of the European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery (1996)
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      Recognition of the scope of oral and maxillofacial surgery by the public and health care professionals. — Hunter MJ, Rubeiz T, Rose L Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (1996)
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      A special photo-epithesis. Case report. — de Keizer RJ, Emmanouilidis-Spek K, Fakkel J Documenta ophthalmologica. Advances in ophthalmology (1995)
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      Image- and model-based surgical planning in otolaryngology. — Korves B, Klimek L, Klein HM, Mösges R The Journal of otolaryngology (1995)
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      To change a smile: fabrication of a removable obturator. — Blazucki JL Trends & techniques in the contemporary dental laboratory (1993)
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      Observations on the use of rectally administered diazepam for sedating children before treatment of maxillofacial injuries: report of nine cases. — Lowey MN, Halfpenny W International journal of paediatric dentistry (1993)
    59. [59]
      Pediatric maxillofacial trauma. — Hunter JG Pediatric clinics of North America (1992)
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      Clinical applications of visible light-cured resin in maxillofacial prosthetics. Part I: Denture base and reline material. — Shifman A The Journal of prosthetic dentistry (1990)
    61. [61]
      Oronasal fistula following anterior maxillary osteotomy. — Granite EL Journal of oral surgery (American Dental Association : 1965) (1975)
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