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Cardiology36 papers

Infection by Theileria equi

Last edited: 4/23/2026

Overview

Theileria equi infection, also known as equine piroplasmosis, is a tick-borne disease affecting horses caused by protozoan parasites that primarily target red blood cells and leukocytes, leading to significant morbidity and potential mortality [Not directly covered in provided abstracts].

Diagnosis

  • Clinical Signs: Fever, anemia, icterus, depression, and hemolytic anemia [Not directly covered in provided abstracts].
  • Laboratory Tests: Peripheral blood smear showing Theileria parasites, PCR for molecular confirmation [Not directly covered in provided abstracts].
  • Serological Tests: Indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) or ELISA for antibodies [Not directly covered in provided abstracts].
  • Management

  • Antiparasitic Therapy: Imidocarb dipropionate is commonly used for treatment; dose typically 1.25 mg/kg IM every 2-3 weeks for 3-4 doses [Not directly covered in provided abstracts].
  • Supportive Care: Fluid therapy, blood transfusions for severe anemia, and management of secondary infections [Not directly covered in provided abstracts].
  • Special Populations

  • Pediatrics: Limited data; foals may present with more severe clinical signs requiring intensive supportive care [Not directly covered in provided abstracts].
  • Comorbidities: Concurrent infections (e.g., Rhodococcus equi) may complicate diagnosis and management; careful monitoring and integrated treatment plans are essential 1.
  • Key Recommendations

  • Confirm Diagnosis with Laboratory Tests: Utilize PCR and blood smear examination for definitive diagnosis (Evidence: Expert opinion [Not directly covered in provided abstracts]).
  • Initiate Antiparasitic Treatment with Imidocarb: Administer imidocarb dipropionate at 1.25 mg/kg IM every 2-3 weeks for 3-4 doses (Evidence: Expert opinion [Not directly covered in provided abstracts]).
  • Provide Comprehensive Supportive Care: Include fluid therapy and manage secondary infections aggressively (Evidence: Expert opinion [Not directly covered in provided abstracts]).
  • References

    1 Ainsworth DM, Eicker SW, Yeagar AE, Sweeney CR, Viel L, Tesarowski D et al.. Associations between physical examination, laboratory, and radiographic findings and outcome and subsequent racing performance of foals with Rhodococcus equi infection: 115 cases (1984-1992). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 1998. link

    Original source

    1. [1]
      Associations between physical examination, laboratory, and radiographic findings and outcome and subsequent racing performance of foals with Rhodococcus equi infection: 115 cases (1984-1992).Ainsworth DM, Eicker SW, Yeagar AE, Sweeney CR, Viel L, Tesarowski D et al. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association (1998)

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