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Pulmonology4 papers

Chronic ischemic enterocolitis

Last edited: 4/10/2026

Overview

Chronic ischemic enterocolitis is a condition characterized by reduced blood flow to the intestines, leading to inflammation and damage. This can result in malabsorption, pain, and weight loss.

Diagnosis

  • Diagnosis is typically based on clinical suspicion, often in patients with risk factors for mesenteric ischemia.
  • Imaging studies such as CT angiography or MR angiography may be used to assess blood flow to the intestines.
  • Management

  • Nutritional support is a cornerstone of management.
  • Enteral nutrition (EN) via oral nutritional supplements (ONS) or tube feeding (TF) can help maintain or increase nutritional intake when oral intake is inadequate 1.
  • Frequent small amounts of ONS are preferred to avoid postprandial dyspnea and satiety and to improve compliance 1.
  • In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), EN in combination with exercise and anabolic pharmacotherapy may improve nutritional status and function 1.
  • Key Recommendations

  • Enteral nutrition (EN) by means of oral nutritional supplements (ONS) or tube feeding (TF) enables nutritional intake to be maintained or increased when normal oral intake is inadequate 1. (Evidence: Moderate)
  • In COPD patients, EN in combination with exercise and anabolic pharmacotherapy has the potential to improve nutritional status and function 1. (Evidence: Moderate)
  • Frequent small amounts of ONS are preferred in order to avoid postprandial dyspnea and satiety as well as to improve compliance 1. (Evidence: Expert opinion)
  • References

    1 Anker SD, John M, Pedersen PU, Raguso C, Cicoira M, Dardai E et al.. ESPEN Guidelines on Enteral Nutrition: Cardiology and pulmonology. Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) 2006. link

    Original source

    1. [1]
      ESPEN Guidelines on Enteral Nutrition: Cardiology and pulmonology.Anker SD, John M, Pedersen PU, Raguso C, Cicoira M, Dardai E et al. Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) (2006)

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