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Cardiology2 papers

Congenital emphysema

Last edited: 4/15/2026

Overview

Congenital emphysema refers to the presence of abnormally enlarged air spaces in lung tissue present at birth, often due to developmental anomalies in alveolar formation. 1 does not directly pertain to congenital emphysema but highlights a rare form of emphysema, emphasizing spontaneous resolution in certain contexts.

Diagnosis

  • Clinical presentation includes respiratory distress, cyanosis, and characteristic chest imaging findings.
  • Chest X-ray typically shows hyperinflation and air trapping.
  • High-resolution CT scans can further delineate the extent and distribution of emphysema.
  • Bronchoscopy may be considered to rule out other congenital airway anomalies.
  • Diagnostic criteria often rely on imaging findings and exclusion of acquired causes 1.

    • Management

  • Initial management focuses on supportive care, including oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation if necessary.
  • Surgical intervention, such as lobectomy or segmentectomy, may be required for severe cases or complications like pneumothorax 1.
  • Antibiotics are generally not indicated unless there is evidence of infection 1.
  • Close monitoring in neonatal or pediatric intensive care units is crucial for infants 1.

    • Special Populations

  • Pregnancy: No specific data provided in the abstracts.
  • Pediatrics: Neonates and infants may require intensive respiratory support and surgical intervention for severe cases 1.
  • Elderly: Not applicable based on provided abstracts.
  • Comorbidities: Management strategies may need adjustment based on coexisting conditions, though specific guidance is not detailed in the abstracts 1.

    • Key Recommendations

  • Initiate supportive care with oxygen therapy for respiratory distress in congenital emphysema (Evidence: Expert opinion 1).
  • Consider surgical intervention for severe cases or complications such as pneumothorax (Evidence: Expert opinion 1).
  • Avoid routine use of antibiotics unless signs of infection are present (Evidence: Expert opinion 1).

    • References

    1 Shiraki IW, Sakai CS. Emphysema of male genitalia following hemorrhoidectomy. Urology 1975. link90119-3)

    Original source

    1. [1]
      Emphysema of male genitalia following hemorrhoidectomy. — Shiraki IW, Sakai CS Urology (1975)
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