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Developmental arithmetic disorder

Last edited: 4/23/2026

Overview

Developmental arithmetic disorder refers to a specific impairment in arithmetic skills, often characterized by deficits in procedural calculation abilities while basic numerical understanding remains intact. 1

Diagnosis

  • Key Diagnostic Criteria:
    • - Preserved knowledge of simple arithmetic (single-digit addition and subtraction) 1 - Systematic failure in multi-digit subtraction tasks 1 - Consistent pattern of errors indicative of flawed procedural algorithms 1
  • Recommended Tests:
    • - Detailed cognitive assessments focusing on arithmetic procedures 1 - Behavioral observation of calculation strategies and error patterns 1

    Management

  • First-Line Treatments:
    • - Structured numerical and arithmetic remediation programs 1 - Explicit teaching of correct calculation algorithms 1
  • Adjunctive Treatments:
    • - No specific pharmacological treatments mentioned 1

    Special Populations

  • Pediatrics:
    • - Early identification and intervention crucial for mitigating long-term impacts 1
  • Comorbidities:
    • - Coexistence with other learning disorders should be assessed and addressed concurrently 1

    Key Recommendations

  • Conduct comprehensive cognitive assessments to differentiate between conceptual knowledge and procedural deficits in arithmetic skills (Evidence: Moderate) 1
  • Implement targeted remediation focusing on correct procedural algorithms in multi-digit arithmetic tasks (Evidence: Moderate) 1
  • Monitor and address potential comorbidities, particularly other learning disabilities, to optimize overall educational outcomes (Evidence: Expert opinion) 1

    • References

    1 Girelli L, Delazer M. Subtraction bugs in an acalculic patient. Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior 1996. link80011-6)

    Original source

    1. [1]
      Subtraction bugs in an acalculic patient. — Girelli L, Delazer M Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior (1996)
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