Overview
Congenital kidney stones, also known as pediatric kidney stones, are an increasing global health concern. Endourological interventions are frequently required for management, mirroring the rise in incidence.
Diagnosis
Nomograms, grading tools, and scoring systems are being developed and evaluated to aid in pre-operative planning and decision-making for pediatric endourology 1.
Two shockwave lithotripsy nomograms have demonstrated efficacy in predicting treatment success in pediatric populations 1.
Adult nomograms for percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) have shown efficacy in predicting stone-free rates in pediatric patients, though their performance in other aspects was poor 1.Management
Endourological interventions are increasingly required for pediatric kidney stones 1.
Specific nomograms exist for shockwave lithotripsy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy/ureteroscopy in pediatric patients 1.Special Populations
The incidence of kidney stone disease is increasing in the pediatric population 1.
There is growing interest in nomograms specifically designed for pediatric endourology 1.
Four pediatric-specific endourology nomograms have been identified, with two for shockwave lithotripsy and one for PCNL or ureteroscopy 1.
Three adult PCNL-specific tools have been investigated and validated in pediatric settings 1.Key Recommendations
Utilize validated nomograms and scoring systems to enhance pre-operative planning and decision-making for pediatric endourological interventions 1. (Evidence: Moderate)
Consider shockwave lithotripsy nomograms for predicting treatment success in pediatric patients undergoing this procedure 1. (Evidence: Moderate)
Adult PCNL nomograms can be used in pediatric populations to predict stone-free rates, but their utility for other outcomes may be limited 1. (Evidence: Moderate)References
1 Brown G, Juliebø-Jones P, Keller EX, De Coninck V, Beisland C, Somani BK. Current status of nomograms and scoring systems in paediatric endourology: A systematic review of literature. Journal of pediatric urology 2022. link