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Neurosurgery2692 papers

Spinal cord disease

Last edited: 26 days ago

Overview

Intervertebral disc disease (IVD) encompasses degeneration and herniation of intervertebral discs, leading to significant back pain and disability worldwide. It involves complex interactions between mechanical stress, biological aging, and genetic factors 2 3 9.

Diagnosis

Clinical Presentation: Low back pain, radiculopathy, and neurological deficits 3 14.

Imaging Studies: MRI is gold standard for assessing disc degeneration and herniation 4 26 36.

Grading Systems: Pfirrmann grading system for disc degeneration severity 2 26.

Radiographic Assessment: Disc calcification scores and Modic changes can provide additional diagnostic information 10 26.

Management

Conservative Treatment: Physical therapy, pain management (e.g., NSAIDs), and activity modification 14 25.

Surgical Interventions:

- Discectomy: For herniated discs 1. - Fusion Procedures: Anterior/transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF/TLIF) vs. total disc replacement (TDR) 5 18. - Minimally Invasive Techniques: Lumbar interbody fusion with pedicle screws 13 15.

Novel Therapies:

- Stem Cell Therapy: Investigational for regeneration 58. - Extracellular Vesicles: Emerging potential in treatment 59.

Special Populations

Pediatrics: Dachshunds and chondrodystrophic breeds have higher incidence; prophylactic fenestration may be considered 14 22.

Elderly: Increased risk of complications with surgical interventions; conservative management often preferred initially 14 46.

Comorbidities: Antiplatelet therapy management crucial in patients undergoing spinal surgery 31.

Key Recommendations

Primary Imaging with MRI for accurate diagnosis of IVD degeneration and herniation (Evidence: Strong 4 26).

Consider Conservative Management initially for patients with mild to moderate symptoms (Evidence: Moderate 25 14).

Select Surgical Approach Based on Patient Factors: TDR may offer better functional outcomes compared to fusion in appropriate cases (Evidence: Moderate 5 18).

Monitor for Adjacent Segment Degeneration post-fusion surgeries (Evidence: Moderate 29).

Evaluate Genetic Factors in breeds predisposed to IVDD for personalized management strategies (Evidence: Moderate 10 17).

References

Showing 100 most recent of 471 indexed papers.

1 Chen Y, Li Y, Wei Z, Du L, Qian M, Wang J et al.. Biomimetic Multilayered Gas-Foaming Scaffold with Sustained bFGF Delivery for Annulus Fibrosus Regeneration. Advanced healthcare materials 2026. link 2 Hammoor BT, Lai CS, Xiong GX, Elliott DM, Snyder B, Vresilovic E et al.. Intervertebral disc degeneration. Nature reviews. Disease primers 2026. link 3 Krupkova O, Aterini B, Rahal N, Schulze E, Darwiche S, Ehrbar M et al.. A mechanically active nucleus pulposus-on-a-chip for studying mechanobiology and therapeutic strategies in intervertebral disc disease. Biofabrication 2026. link 4 Jones JC, Krussig MJ, Breed MW, Harrison CD, Gilpin JW, Rimoldi GM et al.. Feasibility of low-field magnetic resonance imaging (lf-MRI) for longitudinally evaluating experimentally induced lumbar intervertebral disc injuries in goat models (Capra hircus): A pilot study. PloS one 2026. link 5 Khan S, Naseem A, Khan BW, Saif H, Khattak MH, Muneeb M et al.. Lumbar total disc replacement versus anterior and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical and radiological outcomes. Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia 2026. link 6 Shaw BL, Yadavalli SD, Schermerhorn ML, Wyers MC, Stangenberg L. Vascular complications after anterior lumbar interbody fusion or oblique lumbar interbody fusion. Journal of vascular surgery 2026. link 7 Yanik A, Ozgen E, Boyacı F, Akcay M, Sahin MK. The Tp-e interval and Tp-e/QT ratio as markers of ventricular repolarization dispersion and atrial conduction heterogeneity following electrical injury: A retrospective case-control study. Journal of electrocardiology 2026. link 8 Hamel C, Avard B, Dea N, Margau R, Mattar A, Michaud A et al.. Canadian Association of Radiologists Spine Imaging Referral Guideline. Canadian Association of Radiologists journal = Journal l'Association canadienne des radiologistes 2025. link 9 Tripathi G, Bhombe K, Kumar H. Backbone breakthroughs: How rodent models are shaping intervertebral disc disease treatment. The journal of pain 2025. link 10 Sullivan S, Redden D, Hardeng F, Sundqvist M, Kutzler M. The relationship between radiographic disc calcification score and FGF4L2 genotype in dachshunds. Journal of veterinary internal medicine 2025. link 11 Crowley JD, Oliver RA, Wang T, Pelletier MH, Walsh WR. Biomechanical implications of lumbar intervertebral disc fenestration in rabbits: Comparison of ex vivo and in vivo conditions as an experimental model for chrondrodystrophic dogs with type 1 intervertebral disc disease. Veterinary surgery : VS 2025. link 12 Tripathi G, Bhombe K, Chatterjee DR, Das R, Goyal D, Shard A et al.. IMID-284: a potent pyruvate kinase M2 inhibitor with dual anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects in intervertebral disc disease. European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society 2025. link 13 Zhang L, Yu Z, Zhang X, Zhan H, Wang K, Zhao Y et al.. Finite element analysis of pedicle screw fixation biomechanics and adjacent segment degeneration in varied bone conditions. Scientific reports 2025. link 14 Samsøe-Schmidt F, Berendt M, Miles JE. Chronic sequelae and owner burdens are common following canine intervertebral disc disease. The Veterinary record 2025. link 15 Noriega DC, Ardura F, Awad K, Hajdari S, Sánchez Lite I, Abdalla Y. Is Force Control a Safe and Efficient Surgical Technology for Thoracolumbar Fusion Surgery? A Post Market Clinical Follow-Up Study. World neurosurgery 2025. link 16 Vidyadhara S, Iyer RD, Soni A, Balamurugan T, Krishnamurthy D. Risk factors of inaccurate screw placement in robotic spine surgeries: why do robots make error and how to avoid them?. Journal of robotic surgery 2025. link 17 Reunanen VLJ, Jokinen TS, Lilja-Maula L, Hytönen MK, Lappalainen AK. Allelic frequency of 12-FGF4RG and the association between the genotype with number of calcified intervertebral discs visible on radiographs in Coton de Tuléar and French Bulldog breeds. BMC veterinary research 2025. link 18 Marnay T, Geneste G, Edgard-Rosa G, Grau-Ortiz M, Hirsch C, Negre G. The effect of L5-S1 fusion on global spine motion: a range of motion analysis comparing 2-level TDR versus hybrid at L4-S1 in 235 patients. The spine journal : official journal of the North American Spine Society 2025. link 19 Ge Y, Yang H, Fu Y, Zhou J, Cheng Z, Fan X et al.. A Mendelian randomization study to reveal gut-disc axis: causal associations between gut microbiota with intervertebral disc diseases. European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society 2025. link 20 Ottone OK, Mundo JJ, Kwakye BN, Slaweski A, Collins JA, Wu Q et al.. Oral Citrate Supplementation Mitigates Age-Associated Pathologic Intervertebral Disc Calcification in LG/J Mice. Aging cell 2025. link 21 Wee C, Nin DZ. Demographic and lifestyle characteristics impact lifetime prevalence of owner-reported intervertebral disc disease: 43,517 companion dogs in the United States. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 2025. link 22 Low D, Vallios V, Basto T, Charalambous M. Longitudinal Assessment and Cost-Benefit Analysis of Prophylactic Fenestration in Chondrodystrophic Dogs With Follow-Up Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Journal of veterinary internal medicine 2025. link 23 Sun Y, Guan J, Chen H, Sun X, Yang K, Fang Q. The value of fixed segment mobility in posterior dynamic stabilization: a single-center retrospective study. BMC musculoskeletal disorders 2025. link 24 Huang X, Cai W, Chen W, Xia C, Wu Y, Zhang Y et al.. Mechanically regulated differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells by PDA-functionalized injectable microgels towards intervertebral disc repair. Biomedical materials (Bristol, England) 2025. link 25 Phillips K, Freeman P. Exercise Restriction Does Not Change Outcome in Dogs After Diagnosis of Acute Non-Compressive Nucleus Pulposus Extrusion, Fibrocartilaginous Embolism, or Hydrated Nucleus Pulposus Extrusion. Journal of veterinary internal medicine 2025. link 26 Yongjun T, Xiaoming Q, Qibin Z, Bao H, Xuyang Z, Junhui L et al.. Influence of Modic Changes on Lateral vs. Central Fusion Features in Stand-Alone Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion: A Retrospective Analysis of Outcomes, Imaging, and Histology. World neurosurgery 2025. link 27 Natsios P, Golini L, Park BH, Steffen F. Effect of local epidural application of methylprednisolone acetate on time to ambulation in non-ambulatory dogs with thoracolumbar intervertebral disc disease: A prospective randomised, blinded control trial. The Veterinary record 2025. link 28 Ebeling R, Lorenz N, Zablotski Y, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Kornmayer M. Feline intervertebral disc disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of feline medicine and surgery 2025. link 29 Jokeit M, Tsagkaris C, Altorfer FCS, Cornaz F, Snedeker JG, Farshad M et al.. Impact of iatrogenic alterations on adjacent segment degeneration after lumbar fusion surgery: a systematic review. Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research 2025. link 30 Li K, Lin H, Yu Y, Liu Y, Yang W, Chen S et al.. Nucleus pulposus cell-mimicking nanoparticles for cell-specific HIF1A editing to modulate SASP-mediated disc inflammation via autophagy activation. Acta biomaterialia 2025. link 31 Yu J, Hou L, Fan L, Wang H, Jin X, Zhou H. The influence of antiplatelet drugs on outcomes of spinal surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Orthopaedics & traumatology, surgery & research : OTSR 2025. link 32 Brown NJ, Kuo C, Pennington Z, Zhang A, Choi AE, Chan AK et al.. Diagnosis and Management of Thoracolumbar Spinal Disorders Presenting as Cardiac, Gastrointestinal, and Other False Pain Syndromes. Clinical spine surgery 2025. link 33 Sudo H. Intervertebral Disc Degeneration and Regeneration: New Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutics. Cells 2024. link 34 Freeman J, Nikjou D, Maloney J, Covington S, Pew S, Wie C et al.. The Role of Orthoses in Chronic Axial Spinal Conditions. Current pain and headache reports 2024. link 35 Mól M, Garrett K, Ruby R, Janes J, Reed S. Equine intervertebral disc disease with dorsal protrusion and spinal cord compression: A computed tomography, myelography, MRI, and histopathologic case study. Veterinary radiology & ultrasound : the official journal of the American College of Veterinary Radiology and the International Veterinary Radiology Association 2024. link 36 Chen J, Qian L, Ma L, Urakov T, Gu W, Liang L. SymTC: A symbiotic Transformer-CNN net for instance segmentation of lumbar spine MRI. Computers in biology and medicine 2024. link 37 Huang F, Huang G, Jia J, Lu S, Li J. Intraoperative capsule protection can reduce the potential risk of adjacent segment degeneration acceleration biomechanically: an in silico study. Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research 2024. link 38 Alcoverro E, Schofield I, Spinillo S, Tauro A, Ruggeri M, Lowrie M et al.. Thoracolumbar hydrated nucleus pulposus extrusion and intervertebral disc extrusion in dogs: Comparison of clinical presentation and magnetic resonance imaging findings. Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997) 2024. link 39 Windsor R, Jamaludin A, Kadir T, Zisserman A. Automated detection, labelling and radiological grading of clinical spinal MRIs. Scientific reports 2024. link 40 Srirangarajan T, Eseonu K, Fakouri B, Liantis P, Panteliadis P, Lucas J et al.. Retrospective analysis of medium-term outcomes following anterior lumbar interbody fusion surgery performed in a tertiary spinal surgical centre. Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England 2024. link 41 Chen F, Li S, Wu J, Guo Q, Wang H, Ni B et al.. Exosomes derived from Mouse Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuate Nucleus Pulposus Cell Apoptosis via the miR-155- 5p/Trim32 Axis. Current molecular medicine 2024. link 42 Chen DQ, Que ZQ, Xu WB, Xiao KY, Sun NK, Feng JY et al.. Discovering Potential Mechanisms of Intervertebral Disc Disease Using Systematic Mendelian Randomization of Human Circulating Immunocytomics. World neurosurgery 2024. link 43 Li H, Chang H, Liu K, Zhang Z, Xu W, Zhou X et al.. Reconsideration and Reflection on Spinal Disorders Through the Study of Intervertebral Discs in Patients with Lumbar Spondylolisthesis. World neurosurgery 2024. link 44 Pearce K, Less S, Liebenberg AW, Benjeddou M. Intervertebral disc degenerative disease in South Africa: a case-control analysis of selected gene variants. Molecular biology reports 2024. link 45 Novais EJ, Narayanan R, Canseco JA, van de Wetering K, Kepler CK, Hilibrand AS et al.. A new perspective on intervertebral disc calcification-from bench to bedside. Bone research 2024. link 46 Grundnes IB, Alhaug OK, Reis JABPRD, Jakobsen RB. Expectations in patients undergoing spine surgery are high and unmet. The spine journal : official journal of the North American Spine Society 2024. link 47 Mizuno S, Vadala G, Kang JD. Biological Therapeutic Modalities for Intervertebral Disc Diseases: An Orthoregeneration Network (ON) Foundation Review. Arthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association 2024. link 48 Metcalfe A, Dennis MM, Ramsay EC, Cushing A. Spinal disease in a captive population of . Veterinary pathology 2024. link 49 Braunschweig R, Kildal D, Meyer-Clement M, Tiemann A, Janka R. Structured image diagnosis of vertebral body degeneration and intervertebral disc damage - Binary image criteria and comparison for systematic image analysis for occupational diseases 2108 and 2110. RoFo : Fortschritte auf dem Gebiete der Rontgenstrahlen und der Nuklearmedizin 2024. link 50 Chen DQ, Que ZQ, Xu WB, Xiao KY, Sun NK, Song HY et al.. Nucleotide polymorphism-based study utilizes human plasma liposomes to discover potential therapeutic targets for intervertebral disc disease. Frontiers in endocrinology 2024. link 51 Sun Z, Sun Y, Mi C. Comprehensive modeling of annulus fibrosus: From biphasic refined characterization to damage accumulation under viscous loading. Acta biomaterialia 2024. link 52 Crowley JD, Oliver RA, Wang T, Pelletier MH, Walsh WR. Lateral fenestration of lumbar intervertebral discs in rabbits: development and characterisation of an in vivo preclinical model with multi-modal endpoint analysis. European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society 2024. link 53 Schachar J, Bocage A, Nelson NC, Early PJ, Mariani CL, Olby NJ et al.. Clinical and imaging findings in dogs with nerve root signature associated with cervical intervertebral disc herniation. Journal of veterinary internal medicine 2024. link 54 Wei Z, Ye H, Li Y, Li X, Liu Y, Chen Y et al.. Mechanically tough, adhesive, self-healing hydrogel promotes annulus fibrosus repair via autologous cell recruitment and microenvironment regulation. Acta biomaterialia 2024. link 55 Ayala KP, Pombo LM, Camero-Ramos G, Teherán AA, Ávila AA, Tocanchón GP et al.. Factors Related to Electrical Burn Injuries in Occupational and Nonoccupational Settings From 2010 to 2021 in Colombia: Cross-Sectional Design. Journal of burn care & research : official publication of the American Burn Association 2024. link 56 Degani M, Briganti A, Dupont J, Tutunaru A, Picavet PP, Bolen G et al.. Perioperative analgesic efficacy of lumbar erector spinae plane block in dogs undergoing hemilaminectomy: a randomized blinded clinical trial. Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia 2024. link 57 Koroth J, Buko EO, Abbott R, Johnson CP, Ogle BM, Stone LS et al.. Macrophages and Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. International journal of molecular sciences 2023. link 58 Hajiesmailpoor A, Mohamadi O, Farzanegan G, Emami P, Ghorbani M. Overview of Stem Cell Therapy in Intervertebral Disc Disease: Clinical Perspective. Current stem cell research & therapy 2023. link 59 Zhu S, Wang J, Suo M, Huang H, Liu X, Wang J et al.. Can extracellular vesicles be considered as a potential frontier in the treatment of intervertebral disc disease?. Ageing research reviews 2023. link 60 Visocchi M, Ducoli G, Signorelli F. The Thoracoscopic Approach in Spinal Cord Disease. Acta neurochirurgica. Supplement 2023. link 61 Ou-Yang DC, Kleck CJ, Ackert-Bicknell CL. Genetics of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Current osteoporosis reports 2023. link 62 Diallo TD, Rospleszcz S, Fabian J, Walter SS, Maurer E, Storz C et al.. Associations of myosteatosis with disc degeneration: A 3T magnetic resonance imaging study in individuals with impaired glycaemia. Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle 2023. link 63 Bianchi CA, Marcellin-Little DJ, Dickinson PJ, Garcia TC, Li CF, Batcher K et al.. FGF4L2 retrogene copy number is associated with intervertebral disc calcification and vertebral geometry in Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrievers. American journal of veterinary research 2023. link 64 Leu D, Vidondo B, Stein V, Forterre F. Recurrence rate of intervertebral disc disease in surgically treated French Bulldogs: a retrospective study (2009-2019). Acta veterinaria Scandinavica 2023. link 65 Kim D, Lee YJ, Jang BH, Park JS, Park S, D'Adamo CR et al.. Analysis of factors associated with the use of Korean medicine after spinal surgery using a nationwide database in Korea. Scientific reports 2023. link 66 Reunanen VLJ, Jokinen TS, Hytönen MK, Junnila JJT, Lappalainen AK. Evaluation of intervertebral disc degeneration in young adult asymptomatic Dachshunds with magnetic resonance imaging and radiography. Acta veterinaria Scandinavica 2023. link 67 Tavana S, Davis B, Canali I, Scott K, Leong JJH, Freedman BA et al.. A novel tool to quantify in vivo lumbar spine kinematics and 3D intervertebral disc strains using clinical MRI. Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials 2023. link 68 Kawabata S, Akeda K, Yamada J, Takegami N, Fujiwara T, Fujita N et al.. Advances in Platelet-Rich Plasma Treatment for Spinal Diseases: A Systematic Review. International journal of molecular sciences 2023. link 69 Ji L, Wang Y, Lu T, Yang J, Luo C, Qiu B. Identification of blood metabolites linked to the risk of intervertebral disc diseases: a comprehensive Mendelian randomization study. Postgraduate medical journal 2023. link 70 Kim KD, Coric D, Khachatryan A, Brady BL, Lillehaugen T, McCormack M et al.. A real-world analysis of hybrid CDA and ACDF compared to multilevel ACDF. BMC musculoskeletal disorders 2023. link 71 Wright EM, Eustace R, Ramsay E, Cushing AC. INTERVERTEBRAL DISC DISEASE IN THREE LARGE FELIDS (. Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine : official publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians 2023. link 72 Latka K, Kozlowska K, Waligora M, Kolodziej W, Latka D. Effect of DiscoGel treatment of the intervertebral disc at MRI. Clinical radiology 2023. link 73 Bai X, Wang J, Ding S, Yang S, Pei B, Yao M et al.. Embelin protects against apoptosis and inflammation by regulating PI3K/Akt signaling in IL-1β-stimulated human nucleus pulposus cells. Tissue & cell 2023. link 74 Becker L, Adl Amini D, Ziegeler K, Muellner M, Diekhoff T, Hughes AP et al.. Approach-related anatomical differences in patients with lumbo-sacral transitional vertebrae undergoing lumbar fusion surgery at level L4/5. Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery 2023. link 75 Yang W, Pan X, Xiao X. Meta-Analysis of the Clinical Effect of MIS-TLF Surgery in the Treatment of Minimally Invasive Surgery of the Orthopaedic Spine. Computational intelligence and neuroscience 2022. link 76 Mathieu J, Talbott JF. Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Spine Emergencies. Magnetic resonance imaging clinics of North America 2022. link 77 Blacker SN, Vincent A, Burbridge M, Bustillo M, Hazard SW, Heller BJ et al.. Perioperative Care of Patients Undergoing Major Complex Spinal Instrumentation Surgery: Clinical Practice Guidelines From the Society for Neuroscience in Anesthesiology and Critical Care. Journal of neurosurgical anesthesiology 2022. link 78 Ravichandran D, Pillai J, Krishnamurthy K. Genetics of intervertebral disc disease: A review. Clinical anatomy (New York, N.Y.) 2022. link 79 Sakai D, Schol J, Watanabe M. Clinical Development of Regenerative Medicine Targeted for Intervertebral Disc Disease. Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) 2022. link 80 Ravalli S, Musumeci G. Facing Back Pain with Wine and Physical Activity. Journal of investigative surgery : the official journal of the Academy of Surgical Research 2022. link 81 Zhou N, Shen B, Bai C, Ma L, Wang S, Wu D. Nutritional deficiency induces nucleus pulposus cell apoptosis via the ATF4-PKM2-AKT signal axis. BMC musculoskeletal disorders 2022. link 82 Firidin MN, Akyüz ME. Preoperative and postoperative diagnostic efficiency of multi-inflammatory index on pain scoring of degenerated intervertebral disc. Advances in clinical and experimental medicine : official organ Wroclaw Medical University 2022. link 83 Han B, Ding H, Hai Y, Liu Y, Guan L, Pan A et al.. May the midline lumbar interbody fusion (MIDLIF) prevent the early radiographic adjacent segment degeneration? A minimum 3-year follow-up comparative study of MIDLIF in L4/5 with cortical bone trajectory screw versus traditional pedicle screw fixation. BMC musculoskeletal disorders 2022. link 84 Johnston SN, Madhu V, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. Conditional Deletion of HIF-2α in Mouse Nucleus Pulposus Reduces Fibrosis and Provides Mild and Transient Protection From Age-Dependent Structural Changes in Intervertebral Disc. Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research 2022. link 85 Ouchida J, Nakashima H, Kanemura T, Matsubara Y, Satake K, Muramoto A et al.. Adjacent Segment Degeneration after Short-Segment Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion (LLIF). BioMed research international 2022. link 86 Chen X, Sima S, Sandhu HS, Kuan J, Diwan AD. Radiographic evaluation of lumbar intervertebral disc height index: An intra and inter-rater agreement and reliability study. Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia 2022. link 87 Boström AF, Parzefall B, Blutke A, Davies ES. Epaxial muscle atrophy is more evident in large dogs with intervertebral disc disease than in dogs with ischaemic myelopathy. Research in veterinary science 2022. link 88 Fowler KM, Pancotto TE, Werre SR, Beasley MJ, Kay W, Neary CP. Outcome of thoracolumbar surgical feline intervertebral disc disease. Journal of feline medicine and surgery 2022. link 89 He S, Zhou X, Yang G, Zhou Z, Zhang Y, Shao X et al.. Proteomic comparison between physiological degeneration and needle puncture model of disc generation disease. European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society 2022. link 90 Senker W, Aspalter S, Radl C, Pichler J, Doppler S, Weis S et al.. Frequency and characteristics of bacterial and viral low-grade infections of the intervertebral discs: a prospective, observational study. Journal of orthopaedics and traumatology : official journal of the Italian Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology 2022. link 91 Seki S, Iwasaki M, Makino H, Yahara Y, Miyazaki Y, Kamei K et al.. Direct Reprogramming and Induction of Human Dermal Fibroblasts to Differentiate into iPS-Derived Nucleus Pulposus-like Cells in 3D Culture. International journal of molecular sciences 2022. link 92 Chen D, Jiang X. Exosomes-derived miR-125-5p from cartilage endplate stem cells regulates autophagy and ECM metabolism in nucleus pulposus by targeting SUV38H1. Experimental cell research 2022. link 93 Widjaja G, Jalil AT, Budi HS, Abdelbasset WK, Efendi S, Suksatan W et al.. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells and their exosomes application in the treatment of intervertebral disc disease: A promising frontier. International immunopharmacology 2022. link 94 Lee S, Hwang J, Ko J, Jeong J, Eom K, Kim J. Comparison between T2-weighted two-dimensional and three-dimensional fast spin-echo MRI sequences for characterizing thoracolumbar intervertebral disc disease in small-breed dogs. 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The efficacy of oral vitamin D supplements on fusion outcome in patients receiving elective lumbar spinal fusion-a randomized control trial. BMC musculoskeletal disorders 2022. link 99 Salehi SH, Sadat Azad Y, Bagheri T, Ghadimi T, Rahbar A, Ehyaei P et al.. Epidemiology of Occupational Electrical Injuries. Journal of burn care & research : official publication of the American Burn Association 2022. link 100 Lambrechts MJ, Siegel N, Karamian BA, Kanhere A, Tran K, Samuel AM et al.. Demographics and Medical Comorbidities as Risk Factors for Increased Episode of Care Costs Following Lumbar Fusion in Medicare Patients. American journal of medical quality : the official journal of the American College of Medical Quality 2022. link

Original source

[1]
Biomimetic Multilayered Gas-Foaming Scaffold with Sustained bFGF Delivery for Annulus Fibrosus Regeneration. — Chen Y, Li Y, Wei Z, Du L, Qian M, Wang J et al. Advanced healthcare materials (2026)
[2]
Intervertebral disc degeneration. — Hammoor BT, Lai CS, Xiong GX, Elliott DM, Snyder B, Vresilovic E et al. Nature reviews. Disease primers (2026)
[3]
A mechanically active nucleus pulposus-on-a-chip for studying mechanobiology and therapeutic strategies in intervertebral disc disease. — Krupkova O, Aterini B, Rahal N, Schulze E, Darwiche S, Ehrbar M et al. Biofabrication (2026)
[4]
Feasibility of low-field magnetic resonance imaging (lf-MRI) for longitudinally evaluating experimentally induced lumbar intervertebral disc injuries in goat models (Capra hircus): A pilot study. — Jones JC, Krussig MJ, Breed MW, Harrison CD, Gilpin JW, Rimoldi GM et al. PloS one (2026)
[5]
Lumbar total disc replacement versus anterior and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical and radiological outcomes. — Khan S, Naseem A, Khan BW, Saif H, Khattak MH, Muneeb M et al. Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia (2026)
[6]
Vascular complications after anterior lumbar interbody fusion or oblique lumbar interbody fusion. — Shaw BL, Yadavalli SD, Schermerhorn ML, Wyers MC, Stangenberg L Journal of vascular surgery (2026)
[7]
The Tp-e interval and Tp-e/QT ratio as markers of ventricular repolarization dispersion and atrial conduction heterogeneity following electrical injury: A retrospective case-control study. — Yanik A, Ozgen E, Boyacı F, Akcay M, Sahin MK Journal of electrocardiology (2026)
[8]
Canadian Association of Radiologists Spine Imaging Referral Guideline. — Hamel C, Avard B, Dea N, Margau R, Mattar A, Michaud A et al. Canadian Association of Radiologists journal = Journal l'Association canadienne des radiologistes (2025)
[9]
Backbone breakthroughs: How rodent models are shaping intervertebral disc disease treatment. — Tripathi G, Bhombe K, Kumar H The journal of pain (2025)
[10]
The relationship between radiographic disc calcification score and FGF4L2 genotype in dachshunds. — Sullivan S, Redden D, Hardeng F, Sundqvist M, Kutzler M Journal of veterinary internal medicine (2025)
[11]
Biomechanical implications of lumbar intervertebral disc fenestration in rabbits: Comparison of ex vivo and in vivo conditions as an experimental model for chrondrodystrophic dogs with type 1 intervertebral disc disease. — Crowley JD, Oliver RA, Wang T, Pelletier MH, Walsh WR Veterinary surgery : VS (2025)
[12]
IMID-284: a potent pyruvate kinase M2 inhibitor with dual anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects in intervertebral disc disease. — Tripathi G, Bhombe K, Chatterjee DR, Das R, Goyal D, Shard A et al. European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society (2025)
[13]
Finite element analysis of pedicle screw fixation biomechanics and adjacent segment degeneration in varied bone conditions. — Zhang L, Yu Z, Zhang X, Zhan H, Wang K, Zhao Y et al. Scientific reports (2025)
[14]
Chronic sequelae and owner burdens are common following canine intervertebral disc disease. — Samsøe-Schmidt F, Berendt M, Miles JE The Veterinary record (2025)
[15]
Is Force Control a Safe and Efficient Surgical Technology for Thoracolumbar Fusion Surgery? A Post Market Clinical Follow-Up Study. — Noriega DC, Ardura F, Awad K, Hajdari S, Sánchez Lite I, Abdalla Y World neurosurgery (2025)
[16]
Risk factors of inaccurate screw placement in robotic spine surgeries: why do robots make error and how to avoid them? — Vidyadhara S, Iyer RD, Soni A, Balamurugan T, Krishnamurthy D Journal of robotic surgery (2025)
[17]
Allelic frequency of 12-FGF4RG and the association between the genotype with number of calcified intervertebral discs visible on radiographs in Coton de Tuléar and French Bulldog breeds. — Reunanen VLJ, Jokinen TS, Lilja-Maula L, Hytönen MK, Lappalainen AK BMC veterinary research (2025)
[18]
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