Parkinson's disease

Overview

Diagnosis

Management

Special Populations

Key Recommendations

References

Showing 100 most recent of 328 indexed papers.

1 Arena M, Safarpour D, Bryant A, Ramirez-Zamora A, Laberee N, Smouse A et al.. Novel Interdisciplinary Gastroenterology and Parkinson's Disease Clinic in a Parkinson's Center of Excellence. Movement disorders clinical practice 2026. link 2 Kaddour A, Metref O, Pinto S, Ferrat K, Mecheri Y. Hypokinetic Dysarthria in Parkinson's Disease: Assessment and Treatment Practices Among Algerian Speech-Language Therapists. International journal of language & communication disorders 2026. link 3 Yoosuf BT, Jain S, Kt MF, Bansal D. Safety Profile of Istradefylline in Parkinson's Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials and Disproportionality Analysis Using FAERS. Journal of geriatric psychiatry and neurology 2026. link 4 Lin L, Chen M, Chen H. Real-world safety profile of opicapone: a comprehensive pharmacovigilance analysis of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 2026. link 5 Yao R, Chen S, Lu Y, Li Y, Yu B, Liu Y et al.. The Mediating Factor of Immune Cell in the Causal Relationship Between Cardiovascular Disease-Related Plasma Proteins and Parkinson's Disease: A Network Mendelian Randomization Analysis. Mediators of inflammation 2026. link 6 Li Z, Yang R, Cui X, Rong S, Chen X, He C et al.. Orthostatic blood pressure trajectories characterize heterogeneous disease progression in Parkinson's disease. Journal of neurology 2026. link 7 Yang T, Wei Q, Pang D, Cheng Y, Huang J, Lin J et al.. Symptom-based indicators of autonomic dysfunction and their bidirectional associations with Parkinson's disease incidence and adverse outcomes. The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences 2026. link 8 Zhang L, Kang X, Wang Q, Cao Z, Gao R, Yu Y et al.. Pramipexole alleviates ferroptosis in HT22 cells induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation via the Nrf2/SLC7A11/GPX4 pathway. Scientific reports 2026. link 9 Zhou W, Zeng T, Liu D, Pang R, Gong L. Association of FIB-4 with orthostatic hypotension in Parkinson's disease. Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical 2026. link 10 Feng T, Zuo H, Du X, Peng J, Cheng O. Cerebral microbleeds aggravate severity of motor function, cognitive and emotional status in Parkinson's disease. Acta neurologica Belgica 2026. link 11 Fanciulli A, Sixel-Döring F, Buhmann C, Krismer F, Hermann W, Winkler C et al.. Diagnosis and treatment of autonomic failure, pain and sleep disturbances in Parkinson's disease: guideline "Parkinson's disease" of the German Society of Neurology. Journal of neurology 2025. link 12 Reese R, Koeglsperger T, Schrader C, Tönges L, Deuschl G, Kühn AA et al.. Invasive therapies for Parkinson's disease: an adapted excerpt from the guidelines of the German Society of Neurology. Journal of neurology 2025. link 13 Wang J, Yuan Y, Xie T, Zhang L, Xu H, Lin SC et al.. Optimal dose and type of exercise to improve motor symptoms in adults with Parkinson's disease: A network meta-analysis. Journal of science and medicine in sport 2025. link 14 Chen Y, Jiang H, Wei Y, Ye S, Jiang J, Mak MKY et al.. Effects of non-invasive brain stimulation over the supplementary motor area on motor function in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain stimulation 2025. link 15 Bu S, Liu W, Sheng X, Jin L, Zhao Q. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Improves Motor Symptoms, Sleep, and Cognitive Dysfunctions in Parkinson's Disease. Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders 2025. link 16 Zhu Z, Cordato D, Chen R, Xu YH, Shulruf B, Chan DKY. Plasma alpha-synuclein predicts cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of neurology 2025. link 17 Fernández-Fernández R, Ibias J, Del Toro-Pérez C, Lahera G, Gasca-Salas C. Alexithymia in Parkinson's Disease: A Meta-analysis. The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry 2025. link 18 Bahadori AR, Javadnia P, Naghavi E, Heidaresfahani L, Sarmadi I, Rajabi M et al.. Seizure incidence after deep brain stimulation: a meta-analysis of risk factors and target-specific outcomes in non-epileptic disorders. Neurosurgical review 2025. link 19 Seyedahmadi M, Ebrahimi Atri A, Akbari H, Sahebozamani M. Can Water Exercise Improve Motor Function in Parkinson's Disease More Than Land Exercise? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Physiotherapy research international : the journal for researchers and clinicians in physical therapy 2025. link 20 Fan X, Yuan Y, Bai Y, Cheng C, Wang J, Wang T et al.. Optimal dose and type of exercise improve the overall balance in adults with Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis. Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology 2025. link 21 Cui Y, Yan R, Qu Y, Liu S, Li X. Ultrasonography of the vagus nerve in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology 2025. link 22 Wang H, Zhang C, Xu D. Prevalence and impact of orthostatic hypotension in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society 2025. link 23 Garcia-Orellana M, Maldonado F, Hurtado P, Pujol-Fontrodona G, Roldán P, Mosteiro A et al.. Deep brain stimulation under general anaesthesia for Parkinson's disease: A retrospective evaluation of perioperative events and anaesthetic management after switching away from conscious sedation. Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 2025. link 24 Tang Y, He P, Li Y, Ma G, Zhang Y, Wang L et al.. Do Novel Nonexercise and Nondrug Treatments Improve Global Cognition in Parkinson's Disease Patients? A Systematic Review and Bayesian Analysis. The European journal of neuroscience 2025. link 25 Tu J, Zhang C, Qiu Y, Zhang H, Zheng J, Xie S et al.. Rotigotine safety in real-world settings: a pharmacovigilance study using FAERS data. BMC pharmacology & toxicology 2025. link 26 Wong S, Le GH, Kwan ATH, Rhee TG, Teopiz KM, Ho RC et al.. Risk of VMAT2 inhibitors on suicidality and parkinsonism: report utilizing the United States Food and Drug Administration adverse event reporting system. International clinical psychopharmacology 2025. link 27 Mu L, Xu J, Ye X, Jiang Y, Yi Z. Comparative safety signals of dopamine agonists: psychiatric and cardiovascular risks derived from FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS) data. BMC pharmacology & toxicology 2025. link 28 Tönges L, Buhmann C, Eggers C, Lorenzl S, Warnecke T. Guideline "Parkinson's disease" of the German Society of Neurology (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Neurologie): concepts of care. Journal of neurology 2024. link 29 Walter U, Loewenbrück KF, Dodel R, Storch A, Trenkwalder C, Höglinger G. Systematic review-based guideline "Parkinson's disease" of the German Society of Neurology: diagnostic use of transcranial sonography. Journal of neurology 2024. link 30 Witt K, Levin J, van Eimeren T, Hasan A, Ebersbach G. Diagnostics and treatment of impulse control disorders, psychosis and delirium: systemic review-based recommendations - guideline "Parkinson's disease" of the German Society of Neurology. Journal of neurology 2024. link 31 Fong Yan A, Nicholson LL, Ward RE, Hiller CE, Dovey K, Parker HM et al.. The Effectiveness of Dance Interventions on Psychological and Cognitive Health Outcomes Compared with Other Forms of Physical Activity: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis. Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) 2024. link 32 Ramanzini LG, Frare JM, Camargo LFM, Silveira JOF, Jankovic J. Does Delaying Levodopa Prevent Motor Complications in Parkinson's Disease? A Meta-Analysis. Movement disorders clinical practice 2024. link 33 Shaheen H. BMI and deep brain stimulation: A comprehensive review and future directions with AI integration. Neurosurgical review 2024. link 34 Yau CE, Ho ECK, Ong NY, Loh CJK, Mai AS, Tan EK. Innovative technology-based interventions in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of clinical and translational neurology 2024. link 35 Li H, Ju G, Chen J, Wang Y. Integrated approach of scalp electroacupuncture and pharmacotherapy in managing Parkinson's disease: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and trial sequential analysis of randomized clinical trials. Medicine 2024. link 36 Srisurapanont M, Suradom C, Suttajit S, Kongsaengdao S, Maneeton B. Second-generation antipsychotics for Parkinson's disease psychosis: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. General hospital psychiatry 2024. link 37 Tylutka A, Żabiński P, Walas Ł, Zembron-Lacny A. Neuroinflammation as a Link in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Aging and disease 2024. link 38 Swinnen BEKS, Lotfalla V, Scholten MN, Prins RHN, Goes KM, de Vries S et al.. Programming Algorithm for the Management of Speech Impairment in Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson's Disease. Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society 2024. link 39 Couture V, Carmel JF, Rousseau K, Létourneau G, Clerc D, Huot P et al.. Sex Differences in Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Alpha-Synucleinopathies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Movement disorders clinical practice 2024. link 40 Jiang Y, Zhang S, Chen Y, Wang H, He X, Bin C et al.. Physical activity and risk of Parkinson's disease: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of neurology 2024. link 41 González-Devesa D, Ayán C, Sanchez-Lastra MA, Gutiérrez-Hong C, García-Fresneda A, Diz JC. The Efficacy of Boxing Training on Patients with Parkinson's Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Revista de neurologia 2024. link 42 Tan W, Xie F, Zhou J, Pan Z, Liao M, Zhuang L. Efficacy and safety of acupuncture therapy for neuropsychiatric symptoms among patients with Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical rehabilitation 2024. link 43 Chen Thomsen BL, Vinding MC, Meder D, Marner L, Løkkegaard A, Siebner HR. Functional motor network abnormalities associated with levodopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review. NeuroImage. Clinical 2024. link 44 Foltynie T. Scaling up GMP-grade dopaminergic cells for Parkinson's disease. Cell stem cell 2024. link 45 Mabry SA. Enough with "the shakes": Fighting Parkinson's as a Black researcher and a community organizer. Cell 2024. link 46 Duncan RP, Earhart GM. Remote Delivery of Allied Health Therapies in Parkinson's Disease. Journal of Parkinson's disease 2024. link 47 Rafferty MR, Foster ER, Roberts AC, Smaller KA, Johnson LL, Lawson RA. Stemming the Tide: The Proactive Role of Allied Health Therapy in Parkinson's Disease. Journal of Parkinson's disease 2024. link 48 Finnimore A, Theodoros D, Rumbach AF. The impact of PD Check-In on self-management skills for maintenance of speech after intensive treatment. International journal of language & communication disorders 2024. link 49 Goldman JG, Volpe D, Ellis TD, Hirsch MA, Johnson J, Wood J et al.. Delivering Multidisciplinary Rehabilitation Care in Parkinson's Disease: An International Consensus Statement. Journal of Parkinson's disease 2024. link 50 García-Milla P, Duran-Agüero S, Nieto G. Associations between Constipation and Use of Levodopa with Nutritional Status, Polypharmacy, and Stage of Parkinson's Disease. Nutrients 2024. link 51 Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Selim HM, Alexiou A, Papadakis M, Negm WA et al.. Does vitamin D protect or treat Parkinson's disease? A narrative review. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 2024. link 52 Gu J, Qu Y, Shen Y, Zhou Q, Jiang Y, Zhu H. Comprehensive analysis of adverse events associated with pimavanserin using the FAERS database. Journal of affective disorders 2024. link 53 Kincl V, Panovský R, Bočková M, Rektor I, Mojica-Pisciotti ML, Máchal J. Parkinson´s disease cardiovascular symptoms: A new complex functional and structural insight. European journal of neurology 2024. link 54 Ata AM, Kesikburun B, Başkan B, Alemdaroğlu E. The treatment challenge of heterotopic ossification in a patient with Parkinson's disease and stroke. The International journal of neuroscience 2024. link 55 Zhu Z, Tang W, Qiu X, Xin X, Zhang J. Advances in targeting Phosphodiesterase 1: From mechanisms to potential therapeutics. European journal of medicinal chemistry 2024. link 56 Dos Santos B, Vaz R, Braga AC, Rito M, Lucas D, Chamadoira C. Intracerebral hemorrhage after deep brain stimulation surgery guided with microelectrode recording: analysis of 297 procedures. Neurocirugia 2024. link 57 Shadmand M, Elliott B, Lautze J, Mehdirad A. A retrospective analysis of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension in long-term care facility residents with recurrent falls. Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical 2024. link 58 Gupta S, Khan J, Ghosh S. Molecular mechanism of cognitive impairment associated with Parkinson's disease: A stroke perspective. Life sciences 2024. link 59 Cereja F, Alves M, Ferreira JJ, Caldeira D. Atrial fibrillation risk on Parkinson's disease - a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis 2023. link 60 Cosentino C, Putzolu M, Mezzarobba S, Cecchella M, Innocenti T, Bonassi G et al.. One cue does not fit all: A systematic review with meta-analysis of the effectiveness of cueing on freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease. Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews 2023. link 61 Johansson H, Folkerts AK, Hammarström I, Kalbe E, Leavy B. Effects of motor-cognitive training on dual-task performance in people with Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of neurology 2023. link 62 Qian Y, Fu X, Zhang H, Yang Y, Wang G. Comparative efficacy of 24 exercise types on postural instability in adults with Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMC geriatrics 2023. link 63 Yang Y, Fu X, Zhang H, Ouyang G, Lin SC. The effect of home-based exercise on motor symptoms, quality of life and functional performance in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC geriatrics 2023. link 64 Ravandi SN, Kouchaki E, Asgarian FS. Prevalence of hallucinations in Parkinson's patients: meta-analysis of International studies. Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology 2023. link 65 An Q, Yin Z, Ma R, Fan H, Xu Y, Gan Y et al.. Adaptive deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease: looking back at the past decade on motor outcomes. Journal of neurology 2023. link 66 Yang Y, Wang Y, Gao T, Reyila A, Liu J, Liu J et al.. Effect of Physiotherapy Interventions on Motor Symptoms in People With Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Biological research for nursing 2023. link 67 Yao L, Liang W, Chen J, Wang Q, Huang X. Constipation in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. European neurology 2023. link 68 Afraie M, Moradi G, Mohammadzedeh P, Azami M, Riyahifar S, Moradi Y. COVID-19 and Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta neurologica Belgica 2023. link 69 Wang F, Sun Z, Peng D, Gianchandani S, Le W, Boltze J et al.. Cell-therapy for Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of translational medicine 2023. link 70 Pennisi P, Salehinejad MA, Corso AM, Merlo EM, Avenanti A, Vicario CM. Delay discounting in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Behavioural brain research 2023. link 71 Balabandian M, Noori M, Lak B, Karimizadeh Z, Nabizadeh F. Traumatic brain injury and risk of Parkinson's disease: a meta-analysis. Acta neurologica Belgica 2023. link 72 Wadman M. Solvent exposure strongly linked to Parkinson's. Science (New York, N.Y.) 2023. link 73 Paparella LR. A Group Therapist with Parkinson's Disease Facilitating Parkinson's-Related Support Groups: Reflections and Practical Strategies. International journal of group psychotherapy 2023. link 74 Bazzone A, Barthmes M, George C, Brinkwirth N, Zerlotti R, Prinz V et al.. A Comparative Study on the Lysosomal Cation Channel TMEM175 Using Automated Whole-Cell Patch-Clamp, Lysosomal Patch-Clamp, and Solid Supported Membrane-Based Electrophysiology: Functional Characterization and High-Throughput Screening Assay Development. International journal of molecular sciences 2023. link 75 Talebi AH, Ypinga JHL, De Vries NM, Nonnekes J, Munneke M, Bloem BR et al.. Specialized Versus Generic Allied Health Therapy and the Risk of Parkinson's Disease Complications. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society 2023. link 76 Saraf U, Batla A, Sakakibara R, Panicker JN. The Impact of Polypharmacy on Management of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease. Drugs & aging 2023. link 77 Kim JH, Jin S, Eo H, Oh MS, Lim Y. Two Faces of Catechol-O-Methyltransferase Inhibitor on One-Carbon Metabolism in Parkinson's Disease: A Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2023. link 78 Loureiro D, Bilbao R, Bordet S, Grasso L, Otero-Losada M, Capani F et al.. A systematic review and meta-analysis on the association between orthostatic hypotension and mild cognitive impairment and dementia in Parkinson's disease. Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology 2023. link 79 Shen Y, Dong Z, Zhong J, Pan P, Xu G, Zhang Z et al.. Effect of cerebral small vessel disease on cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease. Acta neurologica Belgica 2023. link 80 García-Muñoz C, González-García P, Casuso-Holgado MJ, Martínez-Calderón J, Heredia-Rizo AM. Are movement-based mindful exercises (QIGONG, TAI CHI, AND YOGA) beneficial for stroke and Parkinson's disease? A scoping review. Complementary therapies in medicine 2023. link 81 Slavescu A, Byrne L, Lavan A, Briggs R. Hypotensive unawareness in Parkinson's disease-related autonomic dysfunction. Journal of hypertension 2023. link 82 Chen K, Jin Z, Fang J, Qi L, Liu C, Wang R et al.. Lacunes may worsen cognition but not motor function in Parkinson's disease. Brain and behavior 2023. link 83 Wan H, Chen H, Zhang M, Feng T, Wang Y. Cerebral microbleeds is associated with dementia in Parkinson's disease. Acta neurologica Belgica 2023. link 84 Leshchinski T, Rozani V, Giladi N, Bitan M, Peretz C. Incidence of cardiovascular morbidity among Parkinson's disease patients; a large-scale cohort study in a 16-year time window around disease onset. Parkinsonism & related disorders 2023. link 85 Urbi B, Corbett J, Hughes I, Owusu MA, Thorning S, Broadley SA et al.. Effects of Cannabis in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Parkinson's disease 2022. link 86 Cong S, Xiang C, Zhang S, Zhang T, Wang H, Cong S. Prevalence and clinical aspects of depression in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta‑analysis of 129 studies. Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews 2022. link 87 Gamborg M, Hvid LG, Dalgas U, Langeskov-Christensen M. Parkinson's disease and intensive exercise therapy - An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta neurologica Scandinavica 2022. link 88 Salse-Batán J, Sanchez-Lastra MA, Suarez-Iglesias D, Varela S, Ayán C. Effects of Nordic walking in people with Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Health & social care in the community 2022. link 89 Sarasso E, Gardoni A, Tettamanti A, Agosta F, Filippi M, Corbetta D. Virtual reality balance training to improve balance and mobility in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of neurology 2022. link 90 Khoshnood RJ, Zali A, Tafreshinejad A, Ghajarzadeh M, Ebrahimi N, Safari S et al.. Parkinson's disease and COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology 2022. link 91 Chua SKK, Saffari SE, Lee SJY, Tan EK. Association Between Parkinson's Disease and Coronary Artery Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Parkinson's disease 2022. link 92 Galassi G. Comment on "coincident parkinsonism and myasthenia gravis: A case series "by Alshaikh et al. Parkinsonism & related disorders 2022. link 93 Quarteroni L, Gastaldi R, Baillet A, Moro E, Allenet B, Khouri C. Gout and Levodopa: An unknown adverse effect?. Fundamental & clinical pharmacology 2022. link 94 Fazlollahi A, Zahmatyar M, Alizadeh H, Noori M, Jafari N, Nejadghaderi SA et al.. Association between gout and the development of Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC neurology 2022. link 95 Qian Y, Wu K, Zhou F, Li L, Guo JJ. Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair In Patients With Parkinson's Disease: A Propensity Score Matching Study With Minimum 2-Year Follow-up. BMC musculoskeletal disorders 2022. link 96 Whillans C, Lawrie M, Cardell EA, Kelly C, Wenke R. A systematic review of group intervention for acquired dysarthria in adults. Disability and rehabilitation 2022. link 97 Oonk NGM, Movig KLL, van der Palen J, Nibourg SAF, Koehorst-Ter Huurne K, Nijmeijer HW et al.. The Effect of a Structured Medication Review on Quality of Life in Parkinson's Disease. Journal of Parkinson's disease 2022. link 98 Zhang Z, Zhou Y, Zhao H, Xu J, Yang X. Association Between Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Diabetic Retinopathy and Parkinson's Disease. Cellular and molecular neurobiology 2022. link 99 Goyal H, Sharma A, Patel C, Deepak KK, Tripathi M, Gupta P et al.. Assessment of myocardial sympathetic innervation with 18F-FDOPA-PET/CT in patients with autonomic dysfunction: feasibility study in IPD patients. Journal of nuclear cardiology : official publication of the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology 2022. link 100 Kang SH, Chung SJ, Lee J, Koh SB. Independent effect of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension on mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease. Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society 2022. link