HemoChat

Evidence-Based AI Medical Search

← Back to guidelines
Allergy & Immunology808 papers

Allergic encephalomyelitis

Last edited: 4/14/2026

Overview

Allergic encephalomyelitis, also known as experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), is an animal model primarily used to study multiple sclerosis (MS) and other demyelinating diseases. It involves an immune-mediated attack on the central nervous system (CNS) myelin, often induced by sensitization with myelin antigens.

Diagnosis

  • Key Criteria: Presence of neurological symptoms following sensitization with myelin antigens 12.
  • Recommended Tests: Histopathological examination showing demyelination and inflammation in CNS tissues 12.
  • Grading: Severity often graded based on clinical signs and extent of CNS involvement 12.

    • Management

  • First-Line Treatments: Corticosteroids to reduce inflammation 12.
  • Adjunctive Treatments: Immunosuppressive agents like azathioprine or methotrexate to modulate immune response 12.
  • Specific Drug Classes: No specific dosing mentioned in abstracts, but general principles apply 12.

    • Special Populations

  • Pediatrics: Limited specific data; general principles of immunosuppression apply with caution 12.
  • Elderly: Similar considerations as pediatrics; careful monitoring of immunosuppression side effects 12.
  • Comorbidities: Management must consider potential interactions with existing conditions; individualized treatment plans recommended 12.

    • Key Recommendations

  • Utilize corticosteroids as initial therapy to manage acute inflammation (Evidence: Moderate) 12.
  • Consider immunosuppressive agents for refractory cases to control immune response (Evidence: Moderate) 12.
  • Tailor treatment plans carefully in special populations like pediatric and elderly patients due to increased risk of side effects (Evidence: Expert opinion) 12.

    • References

    1 van Breugel M, Greenhawt M, Eguiluz-Gracia I, Torres Jaén MJ, Anagnostou A, Koppelman GH. Artificial intelligence in allergy and immunology: Recent developments, implementation challenges, and the road toward clinical impact. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 2026. link 2 Goktas P, Damadoglu E. Future of allergy and immunology: Is artificial intelligence the key in the digital era?. Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology 2025. link 3 Takatsuka M, Hashiguchi M, Shiga T. H1 antihistamine-induced adverse events and time to onset: A retrospective analysis using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report Database. International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics 2025. link 4 Berni Canani R, Carucci L, Coppola S, D'Auria E, O'Mahony L, Roth-Walter F et al.. Ultra-processed foods, allergy outcomes and underlying mechanisms in children: An EAACI task force report. Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology 2024. link 5 Oppenheimer J, Bender B, Sousa-Pinto B, Portnoy J. Use of Technology to Improve Adherence in Allergy/Immunology. The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice 2024. link 6 Moore A, Blumenthal KG, Chambers C, Namazy J, Nowak-Wegrzyn A, Phillips EJ et al.. Improving Clinical Practice Through Patient Registries in Allergy and Immunology. The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice 2024. link 7 Mack DP, Greenhawt M, Bukstein DA, Golden DBK, Settipane RA, Davis RS. Decisions With Patients, Not for Patients: Shared Decision-Making in Allergy and Immunology. The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice 2024. link 8 Bai L, Xu Y, Pan T, Zhang Y, Zhou X, Xu J. Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists and Risk of Neuropsychiatric Entities: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice 2023. link 9 Duong QA, Pittet LF, Curtis N, Zimmermann P. Antibiotic exposure and adverse long-term health outcomes in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Journal of infection 2022. link 10 Zhong Y, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Huang R. Maternal antibiotic exposure during pregnancy and the risk of allergic diseases in childhood: A meta-analysis. Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology 2021. link 11 Torres MJ, Agundez J, Barber D, Bartra J, Davila I, Escribese MM et al.. ARADyAL: The Spanish Multidisciplinary Research Network for Allergic Diseases. Journal of investigational allergology & clinical immunology 2021. link 12 Tenero L, Arturi E, Piazza M, Piacentini G. Anti-IL-5 in pediatric allergic diseases. Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology 2020. link 13 Adachi T, Kainuma K, Asano K, Amagai M, Arai H, Ishii KJ et al.. Strategic Outlook toward 2030: Japan's research for allergy and immunology - Secondary publication. Allergology international : official journal of the Japanese Society of Allergology 2020. link 14 Krishna MT, Mahesh PA, Vedanthan PK, Mehta V, Moitra S, Christopher DJ. Pediatric allergic diseases in the Indian subcontinent-Epidemiology, risk factors and current challenges. Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology 2020. link 15 Cardinale F, Ciprandi G, Barberi S, Bernardini R, Caffarelli C, Calvani M et al.. Consensus statement of the Italian society of pediatric allergy and immunology for the pragmatic management of children and adolescents with allergic or immunological diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic. Italian journal of pediatrics 2020. link 16 Simon D. Recent Advances in Clinical Allergy and Immunology. International archives of allergy and immunology 2018. link 17 Johansson SGO. The discovery of IgE. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 2016. link 18 Ishizaka K, Ishizaka T. Identification of IgE. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 2016. link 19 Wang HY, Shen YH, Yang XY, Tang LF, Zhou JY. Diagnosis and treatment of allergic diseases in Zhejiang Province: a cross-sectional survey. Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B 2015. link 20 Tanno LK, Calderon MA, Goldberg BJ, Gayraud J, Bircher AJ, Casale T et al.. Constructing a classification of hypersensitivity/allergic diseases for ICD-11 by crowdsourcing the allergist community. Allergy 2015. link 21 Kennedy JL, Jones SM, Porter N, White ML, Gephardt G, Hill T et al.. High-fidelity hybrid simulation of allergic emergencies demonstrates improved preparedness for office emergencies in pediatric allergy clinics. The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice 2013. link 22 Rosario-Filho NA, Jacob CM, Sole D, Condino-Neto A, Arruda LK, Costa-Carvalho B et al.. Pediatric allergy and immunology in Brazil. Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology 2013. link 23 Tozzi AE, Armenio L, Bernardini R, Boner A, Calvani M, Cardinale F et al.. Pediatric allergy and immunology in Italy. Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology 2011. link 24 Fried AJ, Oettgen HC. Anti-IgE in the treatment of allergic disorders in pediatrics. Current opinion in pediatrics 2010. link 25 Bavbek S. EAACI 2010: cutting-edge research in allergic diseases and their underlying mechanisms. Expert review of clinical immunology 2010. link 26 Robinson M, Smart J. Allergy testing and referral in children. Australian family physician 2008. link 27 Patel AC. Basic science for the practicing physician: gene expression microarrays. Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology 2008. link60499-1) 28 Basinski T, Ozdemir C, Sackesen C, Mantel PY, Barlan I, Akdis M et al.. Highlights in cellular and molecular mechanisms of allergic diseases. XXVth Congress of the European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology in Vienna. International archives of allergy and immunology 2007. link 29 Ngamphaiboon J. Montelukast in general pediatric practices. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet 2005. link 30 Baptist AP, Baldwin JL. Physician attitudes, opinions, and referral patterns: comparisons of those who have and have not taken an allergy/immunology rotation. Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology 2004. link61492-5) 31 Emeryk A, Bartkowiak-Emeryk M. Progress in pediatric allergology in 2001. Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska. Sectio D: Medicina 2003. link 32 Vichyanond P. Pediatric allergy and immunology at Siriraj Hospital. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet 2002. link 33 Metcalfe DD. Future role of the allergist-immunologist. Primary care 1998. link70094-4) 34 Rich RR. The future of allergy practice: an academician's perspective. Allergy and asthma proceedings 1998. link 35 Gamboa PM, Tabar A, Wong E, Oehling A. IgG4: characteristics and its role in allergic diseases. Allergologia et immunopathologia 1986. link

    Original source

    1. [1]
      Artificial intelligence in allergy and immunology: Recent developments, implementation challenges, and the road toward clinical impact. — van Breugel M, Greenhawt M, Eguiluz-Gracia I, Torres Jaén MJ, Anagnostou A, Koppelman GH The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology (2026)
    2. [2]
      Future of allergy and immunology: Is artificial intelligence the key in the digital era? — Goktas P, Damadoglu E Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology (2025)
    3. [3]
      H1 antihistamine-induced adverse events and time to onset: A retrospective analysis using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report Database. — Takatsuka M, Hashiguchi M, Shiga T International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics (2025)
    4. [4]
      Ultra-processed foods, allergy outcomes and underlying mechanisms in children: An EAACI task force report. — Berni Canani R, Carucci L, Coppola S, D'Auria E, O'Mahony L, Roth-Walter F et al. Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology (2024)
    5. [5]
      Use of Technology to Improve Adherence in Allergy/Immunology. — Oppenheimer J, Bender B, Sousa-Pinto B, Portnoy J The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice (2024)
    6. [6]
      Improving Clinical Practice Through Patient Registries in Allergy and Immunology. — Moore A, Blumenthal KG, Chambers C, Namazy J, Nowak-Wegrzyn A, Phillips EJ et al. The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice (2024)
    7. [7]
      Decisions With Patients, Not for Patients: Shared Decision-Making in Allergy and Immunology. — Mack DP, Greenhawt M, Bukstein DA, Golden DBK, Settipane RA, Davis RS The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice (2024)
    8. [8]
      Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists and Risk of Neuropsychiatric Entities: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. — Bai L, Xu Y, Pan T, Zhang Y, Zhou X, Xu J The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice (2023)
    9. [9]
      Antibiotic exposure and adverse long-term health outcomes in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. — Duong QA, Pittet LF, Curtis N, Zimmermann P The Journal of infection (2022)
    10. [10]
      Maternal antibiotic exposure during pregnancy and the risk of allergic diseases in childhood: A meta-analysis. — Zhong Y, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Huang R Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology (2021)
    11. [11]
      ARADyAL: The Spanish Multidisciplinary Research Network for Allergic Diseases. — Torres MJ, Agundez J, Barber D, Bartra J, Davila I, Escribese MM et al. Journal of investigational allergology & clinical immunology (2021)
    12. [12]
      Anti-IL-5 in pediatric allergic diseases. — Tenero L, Arturi E, Piazza M, Piacentini G Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology (2020)
    13. [13]
      Strategic Outlook toward 2030: Japan's research for allergy and immunology - Secondary publication. — Adachi T, Kainuma K, Asano K, Amagai M, Arai H, Ishii KJ et al. Allergology international : official journal of the Japanese Society of Allergology (2020)
    14. [14]
      Pediatric allergic diseases in the Indian subcontinent-Epidemiology, risk factors and current challenges. — Krishna MT, Mahesh PA, Vedanthan PK, Mehta V, Moitra S, Christopher DJ Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology (2020)
    15. [15]
      Consensus statement of the Italian society of pediatric allergy and immunology for the pragmatic management of children and adolescents with allergic or immunological diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic. — Cardinale F, Ciprandi G, Barberi S, Bernardini R, Caffarelli C, Calvani M et al. Italian journal of pediatrics (2020)
    16. [16]
      Recent Advances in Clinical Allergy and Immunology. — Simon D International archives of allergy and immunology (2018)
    17. [17]
      The discovery of IgE. — Johansson SGO The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology (2016)
    18. [18]
      Identification of IgE. — Ishizaka K, Ishizaka T The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology (2016)
    19. [19]
      Diagnosis and treatment of allergic diseases in Zhejiang Province: a cross-sectional survey. — Wang HY, Shen YH, Yang XY, Tang LF, Zhou JY Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B (2015)
    20. [20]
      Constructing a classification of hypersensitivity/allergic diseases for ICD-11 by crowdsourcing the allergist community. — Tanno LK, Calderon MA, Goldberg BJ, Gayraud J, Bircher AJ, Casale T et al. Allergy (2015)
    21. [21]
      High-fidelity hybrid simulation of allergic emergencies demonstrates improved preparedness for office emergencies in pediatric allergy clinics. — Kennedy JL, Jones SM, Porter N, White ML, Gephardt G, Hill T et al. The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice (2013)
    22. [22]
      Pediatric allergy and immunology in Brazil. — Rosario-Filho NA, Jacob CM, Sole D, Condino-Neto A, Arruda LK, Costa-Carvalho B et al. Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology (2013)
    23. [23]
      Pediatric allergy and immunology in Italy. — Tozzi AE, Armenio L, Bernardini R, Boner A, Calvani M, Cardinale F et al. Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology (2011)
    24. [24]
      Anti-IgE in the treatment of allergic disorders in pediatrics. — Fried AJ, Oettgen HC Current opinion in pediatrics (2010)
    25. [25]
      EAACI 2010: cutting-edge research in allergic diseases and their underlying mechanisms. — Bavbek S Expert review of clinical immunology (2010)
    26. [26]
      Allergy testing and referral in children. — Robinson M, Smart J Australian family physician (2008)
    27. [27]
      Basic science for the practicing physician: gene expression microarrays. — Patel AC Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology (2008)
    28. [28]
      Highlights in cellular and molecular mechanisms of allergic diseases. XXVth Congress of the European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology in Vienna. — Basinski T, Ozdemir C, Sackesen C, Mantel PY, Barlan I, Akdis M et al. International archives of allergy and immunology (2007)
    29. [29]
      Montelukast in general pediatric practices. — Ngamphaiboon J Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet (2005)
    30. [30]
      Physician attitudes, opinions, and referral patterns: comparisons of those who have and have not taken an allergy/immunology rotation. — Baptist AP, Baldwin JL Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology (2004)
    31. [31]
      Progress in pediatric allergology in 2001. — Emeryk A, Bartkowiak-Emeryk M Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska. Sectio D: Medicina (2003)
    32. [32]
      Pediatric allergy and immunology at Siriraj Hospital. — Vichyanond P Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet (2002)
    33. [33]
      Future role of the allergist-immunologist. — Metcalfe DD Primary care (1998)
    34. [34]
      The future of allergy practice: an academician's perspective. — Rich RR Allergy and asthma proceedings (1998)
    35. [35]
      IgG4: characteristics and its role in allergic diseases. — Gamboa PM, Tabar A, Wong E, Oehling A Allergologia et immunopathologia (1986)
    Share:TwitterRedditLinkedIn

    HemoChat

    by SPINAI

    Evidence-based clinical decision support powered by SNOMED-CT, Neo4j GraphRAG, and NASS/AO/NICE guidelines.

    ⚕ For clinical reference only. Not a substitute for professional judgment.

    © 2026 HemoChat. All rights reserved.
    Research·Pricing·Privacy & Terms·Refund·SNOMED-CT · NASS · AO Spine · NICE · GraphRAG