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Hemoglobin C disease

Last edited: 4/15/2026

Overview

Hemoglobin C disease is a hereditary hemolytic anemia characterized by the presence of hemoglobin C, leading to chronic hemolysis and potential splenomegaly. 1

Diagnosis

  • Blood smear findings: Look for evidence of hyposplenism such as Howell-Jolly bodies, Pappenheimer bodies, and nucleated red cells. 1
  • Splenomegaly assessment: Evaluate for splenomegaly, noting that its presence with hyposplenism may indicate underlying complications. 1
  • Hemoglobin electrophoresis: Confirm the presence of hemoglobin C.
  • Management

  • Supportive care: Focus on managing anemia with iron supplementation and transfusions as needed.
  • Monitoring: Regular monitoring for complications such as splenic tumors or severe hemolysis. 1
  • Special Populations

  • Comorbidities: Consider the possibility of underlying splenic pathology (e.g., haemangiosarcoma) in patients with splenomegaly and hyposplenism. 1
  • Key Recommendations

  • Evaluate for evidence of hyposplenism in patients with Hb C disease and splenomegaly to identify potential underlying complications. (Evidence: Moderate) 1
  • Regularly monitor patients for signs of splenic complications, especially in the presence of splenomegaly. (Evidence: Weak) 1
  • References

    1 Steinberg MH, Gatling RR, Tavassoli M. Evidence of hyposplenism in the presence of splenomegaly. Scandinavian journal of haematology 1983. link

    Original source

    1. [1]
      Evidence of hyposplenism in the presence of splenomegaly.Steinberg MH, Gatling RR, Tavassoli M Scandinavian journal of haematology (1983)

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