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Dermatology10 papers

Pitted keratolysis

Last edited: 4/15/2026

Overview

Pitted keratolysis (PK) is a superficial bacterial infection characterized by crater-like pits on the soles and occasionally the palms, often associated with foot odor due to the proliferation of anaerobic bacteria, primarily Brevibacterium species.

Diagnosis

  • Clinical presentation of characteristic pits on plantar skin or palms 1.
  • Self-reported foot odor often reported using visual analog scales 1.
  • Microbiological confirmation via skin scrapings showing anaerobic bacterial colonies, though not routinely necessary for diagnosis 1.
  • Management

  • First-line treatment: Topical benzoyl peroxide (BP) at 2.5% or 5% concentration applied once daily for 2 weeks 1.
  • Recommended dose: 2.5% BP may be preferable due to similar efficacy and fewer side effects compared to 5% BP 1.
  • Special Populations

  • No specific data: Limited information regarding PK management in pregnancy, pediatrics, elderly, or patients with comorbidities based on provided abstracts 12.
  • Key Recommendations

  • Use either 2.5% or 5% topical benzoyl peroxide for treating pitted keratolysis, with 2.5% potentially preferred due to comparable efficacy and safety profile 1 (Evidence: Strong).
  • Treatment duration should be approximately 2 weeks for effective management 1 (Evidence: Strong).
  • Consider self-evaluation of foot odor reduction using visual analog scales to monitor treatment response 1 (Evidence: Moderate).
  • References

    1 Leeyaphan C, Limphoka P, Kiratiwongwan R, Ongsri P, Bunyaratavej S. Randomized, controlled trial testing the effectiveness and safety of 2.5% and 5% benzoyl peroxide for the treatment of pitted keratolysis. The Journal of dermatological treatment 2021. link 2 Mehra KS, Elaraoud MS. Total central keratolysis. Annals of ophthalmology 1992. link

    Original source

    1. [1]
      Randomized, controlled trial testing the effectiveness and safety of 2.5% and 5% benzoyl peroxide for the treatment of pitted keratolysis.Leeyaphan C, Limphoka P, Kiratiwongwan R, Ongsri P, Bunyaratavej S The Journal of dermatological treatment (2021)
    2. [2]
      Total central keratolysis.Mehra KS, Elaraoud MS Annals of ophthalmology (1992)

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