Overview
Opportunistic infections (OIs) are infections that occur more frequently and with greater severity in individuals with compromised immune systems, particularly those with HIV 1. These guidelines address the prevention and treatment of OIs in HIV-infected adults and adolescents 1.Diagnosis
Diagnosis, clinical manifestations, and epidemiology of specific OIs are covered 1.
Guidelines address prevention of exposure, chemoprophylaxis, vaccination, and treatment of disease 1.Management
Management strategies include prevention of exposure, chemoprophylaxis, vaccination, treatment of disease, and prevention of recurrence 1.
Specific guidance is provided on discontinuation of primary and secondary prophylaxis after immune reconstitution 1.
Monitoring for adverse effects and management of treatment failure are addressed 1.Special Populations
Special considerations during pregnancy are included 1.Key Recommendations
Guidelines address prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected adults and adolescents 1. (Evidence: Expert opinion)
The guidelines cover epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, prevention of exposure, chemoprophylaxis, vaccination, discontinuation of prophylaxis, treatment, monitoring, management of failure, recurrence prevention, and pregnancy considerations for OIs 1. (Evidence: Expert opinion)
These guidelines are intended for clinicians, healthcare providers, HIV-infected patients, and policymakers in the United States 1. (Evidence: Expert opinion)References
1 Kaplan JE, Benson C, Holmes KK, Brooks JT, Pau A, Masur H. Guidelines for prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected adults and adolescents: recommendations from CDC, the National Institutes of Health, and the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports 2009. link