Overview
Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is characterized by open sores that develop on the inside lining of the stomach and the upper part of the small intestine. Hemorrhage and obstruction are significant complications of PUD.Diagnosis
Diagnosis typically involves upper endoscopy (esophagogastroduodenoscopy) to visualize the ulcer and assess for bleeding or obstruction 1.
Biopsies may be taken during endoscopy to test for Helicobacter pylori* infection 1.Management
Management of bleeding peptic ulcers often involves endoscopic hemostasis (e.g., clipping, cautery, injection therapy) 1.
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are a cornerstone of medical management to reduce acid secretion and promote healing 1.
Management of obstructive PUD may involve endoscopic balloon dilation or surgical intervention if conservative measures fail 1.Key Recommendations
Upper endoscopy is recommended for the diagnosis of peptic ulcer disease with hemorrhage or obstruction 1. (Evidence: Moderate)
Proton pump inhibitors are a key component of medical management for peptic ulcer disease 1. (Evidence: Moderate)
Endoscopic hemostasis should be considered for actively bleeding peptic ulcers 1. (Evidence: Moderate)References
1 Huang Y, Zhou W, Du H. Association between hypertension and pressure ulcer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International wound journal 2024. link