Overview
Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) encompasses a group of rapid heart rhythms originating above the ventricles, often presenting as paroxysmal episodes characterized by abrupt onset and termination. 123411243139Diagnosis
Management
Special Populations
Key Recommendations
References
Showing 100 most recent of 1041 indexed papers.
1 Hakimi M, Mondal A, Ampah SB, Tomlinson AZ, O'Byrne ML, Janson C. Admission rates for pediatric supraventricular tachycardia are affected by primary insurance payor: An analysis of the NEDS database. American heart journal 2026. link 2 Kamareddine M, Keramati AR. Advances in Antiarrhythmic Drug Therapy: Pharmacologic Management of Supraventricular Tachycardia. Cardiac electrophysiology clinics 2026. link 3 Chan CH, Lin CY. Antidromic Nodoventricular Reciprocating Tachycardia With Left-Ventricular Insertion: Insights From High-Density Mapping. Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE 2026. link 4 Gamberini L, Moro F, Dallari C, Cavagna S, Pallavicini P, Bagioni A et al.. Prehospital diagnosis and management of supraventricular tachycardia - a scoping review. Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine 2026. link 5 Karolcik BA, Calcaterra MJ, Smith KL, Schiff MD, Ragavan MI, Alsaied T et al.. Association of Child Opportunity Index with Outcomes in Pediatric Supraventricular Tachycardia. Pediatric cardiology 2026. link 6 Huang L, Sang C, Gao M, Lai Y, Zhang J, Wang Y et al.. Device-Assisted vs Standard Valsalva Maneuver for Terminating Supraventricular Tachycardia: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA cardiology 2026. link 7 Poggi S, Giaccardi M, Cipolletta L, Jordan A, Teres C, Serdoz LV et al.. Fluoroscopy-minimization strategy for catheter ablation of Supraventricular Tachycardia by wOmen OPerators: the STOOP Multicentre Registry. Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology 2026. link 8 Chen H, Wang H, Jin Y, Ehdaie A, Wang X, He L et al.. A narrow complex tachycardia with a short HV interval: What is the mechanism?. Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE 2025. link 9 McGarry TJ, Jared Bunch T, Ranjan R, Stoddard GJ. Five Criteria Predict Induction and Ablation of Supraventricular Tachycardia. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 2025. link 10 Bucci T, Gerra L, Lam SHM, Argyris AA, Boriani G, Proietti R et al.. Risk of death and thrombosis in patients admitted to the emergency department with supraventricular tachycardias. Heart rhythm 2025. link 11 Tednes P, Marquardt S, Kuhrau S, Heagler K, Rech M. Keeping It "Current": A Review of Treatment Options for the Management of Supraventricular Tachycardia. The Annals of pharmacotherapy 2024. link 12 Middelfart C, Tønnesen J, Zörner CR, Da Riis-Vestergaard L, Pham MHX, Pallisgaard JL et al.. Two decades of SVT ablation in Denmark: a trend towards higher age, more comorbidity, and less prior use of antiarrhythmic and rate-limiting pharmacotherapy-a nationwide registry-based Danish study. Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing 2024. link 13 Hellemans A, Duytschaever M, Van Steenkiste G, van Loon G, Bosmans T, Mampaey G et al.. Successful high-resolution three-dimensional electroanatomical mapping and radiofrequency catheter ablation of a posteroseptal accessory pathway in a dog using CARTO 3. Journal of veterinary cardiology : the official journal of the European Society of Veterinary Cardiology 2024. link 14 Bernardini A, Paoletti Perini A, Padeletti M, Signorini U, Ciliberti D, Poli C et al.. Impact of dexmedetomidine on electrophysiological properties and arrhythmia inducibility in adult patients referred for reentrant supraventricular tachycardia ablation. Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing 2024. link 15 Li Y, Xiong G, Liu Y, Huang X, Liu Y, Zhou H et al.. JinJiang ablation catheter is no inferior than Johnson ablation catheter in radiofrequency ablation of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE 2024. link 16 Yalin K, Soysal AU, Ikitimur B, Yabaci BI, Onder SE, Atici A et al.. Diagnostic accuracy of Apple Watch Series 6 recorded single-lead ECGs for identifying supraventricular tachyarrhythmias: a comparative analysis with invasive electrophysiological study. Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing 2024. link 17 Nagase M, Nakashima T, Nakatani Y, Vlachos K, Morimoto M, Shibahara T et al.. Demonstration of differential ventricular overdrive pacing during long RP' supraventricular tachycardia. Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE 2024. link 18 Penfold MP, Cannon BC, Wackel PL. Empiric Slow Pathway Cryoablation in Symptomatic Children Without Documented Supraventricular Tachycardia. Pediatric cardiology 2024. link 19 Vari D, Kurek N, Zang H, Anderson JB, Spar DS, Czosek RJ. Outcomes in Infants with Supraventricular Tachycardia: Risk Factors for Readmission, Recurrence and Ablation. Pediatric cardiology 2024. link 20 Vijay S, Bansal R, Kidambi BR, Naik N. A unique location of the accessory pathway in a child with permanent junctional reciprocating tachycardia. Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE 2024. link 21 Bertels RA, Françoijs MW, Averdieck CW, Kammeraad JAE, Filippini LH, de Kezel CCA et al.. The effect of electro-anatomical mapping on the success rate and fluoroscopy time in supra-ventricular tachycardia ablation in children: single centre retrospective study. Cardiology in the young 2024. link 22 Baldi E, Sanzo A, Savastano S, Rordorf R. Ivabradine as a treatment option for junctional ectopic tachycardia in an adult female. Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE 2024. link 23 Howard RN. A School Nurse's Experience With Supraventricular Tachycardia. NASN school nurse (Print) 2024. link 24 Monaco F, D'Andria Ursoleo J, Lerose CC, Barucco G, Licheri M, Della Bella PE et al.. Anaesthetic management of paediatric patients undergoing electrophysiology study and ablation for supraventricular tachycardia: A focused narrative review. Journal of clinical anesthesia 2024. link 25 Pompa AG, LaPage MJ. Outcomes of Infant Supraventricular Tachycardia Management Without Medication. Pediatric cardiology 2024. link 26 Mecklin M, Linnanmäki A, Hiippala A, Leino T, Arola A, Leskinen M et al.. Multicenter cohort study on duration of antiarrhythmic medication for supraventricular tachycardia in infants. European journal of pediatrics 2023. link 27 You J, Pagan E, Mitra R. Comparison of minimal versus zero-fluoroscopic catheter ablation in gestational supraventricular arrhythmias. Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing 2023. link 28 Higuchi S, Ito H, Gerstenfeld EP, Lee AC, Lee BK, Marcus GM et al.. The Value of Programmed Ventricular Extrastimuli From the Right Ventricular Basal Septum During Supraventricular Tachycardia. JACC. Clinical electrophysiology 2023. link 29 Lapalme C, Kaw S, Drennan I, Cheskes S. Non-Sustained Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia Induced by Modified Valsalva in a Pregnant Patient with Supraventricular Tachycardia. Prehospital emergency care 2023. link 30 Pang Y, Cheng K, Xu Y, Chen Q, Ling Y, Ge J et al.. Different approaches for ablation of RVOT-type arrhythmia: comparison between the choice of RVOT and pulmonary sinus cusp region for the first ablation attempt. Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing 2022. link 31 Mohee K, Haboubi HN, Protty M, Srinivasan C, Townend W, Weston C. Comparison of an e-learning package with lecture-based teaching in the management of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT): a randomised controlled study. Postgraduate medical journal 2022. link 32 Kupó P, Tutuianu CI, Kaninski G, Gingl Z, Sághy L, Pap R. Limitations of ventricular pacing maneuvers to differentiate orthodromic reciprocating tachycardia from atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia. Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing 2022. link 33 Yazaki Y, Satomi K, Chikamori T. The Utility of a Lewis Lead for Distinguishing Atrioventricular Reentrant Tachycardia from Typical Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia. Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) 2022. link 34 Varela DL, Rosenberg MA, Borne RT, Sandhu A, Zipse MM, Tzou WS et al.. Increased incidence of cavotricuspid isthmus atrial flutter following slow pathway ablation. Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing 2022. link 35 Wegner FK, Habbel P, Schuppert P, Frommeyer G, Ellermann C, Lange PS et al.. Predictors of AVNRT Recurrence After Slow Pathway Modification. International heart journal 2021. link 36 Capulzini L, de Terwangne C, Chierchia G, de Asmundis C, Paparella G, Sorgente A. Real world data on non-complex catheter ablations performed on zero fluoroscopy in a secondary centre in the south of Belgium. Acta cardiologica 2021. link 37 Gaudart P, Cazes N, Simon K, Larger D, Deharo JC. The reverse vagal manoeuvre: A new tool for treatment of supraventricular tachycardia?. The American journal of emergency medicine 2021. link 38 Okishige K, Yamauchi Y, Nagase S, Kusano K, Miyamoto K, Ozawa T et al.. Transcatheter cryo-ablation of septal accessory pathways, multicenter observational study in Japan. Journal of cardiology 2021. link 39 Tester MA, Riehm KE, Perry F, Franciosi S, Escudero CA, Maghrabi K et al.. Paediatric supraventricular tachycardia patients potentially more at risk of developing psychological difficulties compared to healthy peers. Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) 2021. link 40 Hoffmayer KS, Han FT, Singh D, Scheinman MM. Variants of accessory pathways. Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE 2020. link 41 Babayiğit E, Ulus T, Görenek B. What Have We Learned from the European Society of Cardiology 2019 Guidelines on Supraventricular Tachycardia. Cardiology 2020. link 42 Clark DD, McGuire M, Jones M, Bruner H, Bruner D. Supraventricular tachydysrhythmias in the emergency department. Emergency medicine practice 2020. link 43 Kovach JR, Mah DY, Abrams DJ, Alexander ME, Cecchin F, Triedman JK et al.. Outcomes of catheter ablation of anteroseptal and midseptal accessory pathways in pediatric patients. Heart rhythm 2020. link 44 Dharmaprani D, Lahiri A, Ganesan AN, Kyriacou N, McGavigan AD. Comparative spatial resolution of 12-lead electrocardiography and an automated algorithm. Heart rhythm 2020. link 45 Kim JH, Jung JY, Lee SU, Park JW, Choi JY. Delayed adenosine therapy is associated with the refractory supraventricular tachycardia in children. The American journal of emergency medicine 2020. link 46 Chen C, Tam TK, Sun S, Guo Y, Teng P, Jin D et al.. A multicenter randomized controlled trial of a modified Valsalva maneuver for cardioversion of supraventricular tachycardias. The American journal of emergency medicine 2020. link 47 Rochelson E, Clark BC, Janson CM, Ceresnak SR, Nappo L, Pass RH. "If at first you don't succeed": repeat ablations in young patients with supraventricular tachycardia. Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing 2020. link 48 Okada M, Tanaka K, Matsunaga-Lee Y, Ninomiya Y, Hirao Y, Oka T et al.. Multiple Shifts of the Earliest Retrograde Atrial Activation Site Along the Tricuspid Annulus During the Fast-Slow Form of Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia by Radiofrequency Modification. International heart journal 2019. link 49 Okutucu S, Görenek B. Review of the 2019 European Society of Cardiology Guidelines for the management of patients with supraventricular tachycardia: What is new, and what has changed?. Anatolian journal of cardiology 2019. link 50 Thorpe RL, Rohant N, Cryer M, Gainey C. Inappropriately Firing Defibrillator: A Simulation Case for Emergency Medicine Residents. MedEdPORTAL : the journal of teaching and learning resources 2019. link 51 Pallas J, Smiles JP. Laughter is the best medicine: A novel finding in the treatment of supraventricular tachycardia in a paediatric emergency patient. Australasian emergency care 2019. link 52 Selvaraj RJ, Dukiya S, Ananthakrishna Pillai A, Satheesh S, Balachander J. Effects of conscious sedation on tachycardia inducibility and patient comfort during ablation of supraventricular tachycardia: a double blind randomized controlled study. Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology 2019. link 53 Kaiser DW, Nasir JM, Liem LB, Brodt C, Motonaga KS, Ceresnak SR et al.. A novel pacing maneuver to verify the postpacing interval minus the tachycardia cycle length while adjusting for decremental conduction: Using "dual-chamber entrainment" for improved supraventricular tachycardia discrimination. Heart rhythm 2019. link 54 Fernando H, Adams N, Mitra B. Review article: The utility of troponin and other investigations in patients presenting to the emergency department with supraventricular tachycardia. Emergency medicine Australasia : EMA 2019. link 55 Ergül Y, Özgür S, Şahin GT, Kafalı HC, Çelebi SB, Bay B et al.. The Transjugular Approach: An Alternative Route to Improve Ablation Success in Right Anteriorly and Anterolaterally-Located Supraventricular Tachycardia Substrates in Children. Pediatric cardiology 2019. link 56 Cooper BL, Beyene JA. Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia and cannon A waves. The American journal of emergency medicine 2019. link 57 Gartenberg AJ, Pass RH, Ceresnak S, Nappo L, Janson CM. Incidence of Echocardiographic Abnormalities Following Pediatric SVT Ablation: Comparison of Cases Utilizing Fluoroscopy Alone to Cases with Adjunctive 3D Electroanatomic Mapping. Pediatric cardiology 2019. link 58 Brubaker S, Long B, Koyfman A. Alternative Treatment Options for Atrioventricular-Nodal-Reentry Tachycardia: An Emergency Medicine Review. The Journal of emergency medicine 2018. link 59 Wallman M, Sandberg F. Characterisation of human AV-nodal properties using a network model. Medical & biological engineering & computing 2018. link 60 Yaari J, Gruber D, Blaufox AD. Usefulness of Routine Transtelephonic Monitoring for Supraventricular Tachycardia in Infants. The Journal of pediatrics 2018. link 61 Ekiz A, Kaya B, Bornaun H, Acar DK, Avci ME, Bestel A et al.. Flecainide as first-line treatment for fetal supraventricular tachycardia. The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians 2018. link 62 Bellmann B, Roser M, Muntean BG. Successful re-ablation of a permanent junctional reciprocating tachycardia with cryoenergy : Case report of a 19-year-old patient. Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift (1946) 2018. link 63 Li JX, Chen Q, Hu JX, Yu JH, Li P, Hong K et al.. Double ventricular response in dual AV nodal pathways mimicking interpolated premature beat. Herz 2018. link 64 Bronzetti G, Brighenti M, Mariucci E, Fabi M, Lanari M, Bonvicini M et al.. Upside-down position for the out of hospital management of children with supraventricular tachycardia. International journal of cardiology 2018. link 65 Weberding NT, Saladino RA, Minnigh MB, Oberly PJ, Tudorascu DL, Poloyac SM et al.. Adenosine Administration With a Stopcock Technique Delivers Lower-Than-Intended Drug Doses. Annals of emergency medicine 2018. link 66 Selcuk MT, Balci KG, Maden O, Selcuk H, Vicdan M, Kalender E et al.. Comparison of the predictive accuracy of four different ECG algorithms in identification of true ablation site for the idiopathic right ventricular outflow tract tachycardias. Annals of noninvasive electrocardiology : the official journal of the International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology, Inc 2018. link 67 Go AS, Hlatky MA, Liu TI, Fan D, Garcia EA, Sung SH et al.. Contemporary Burden and Correlates of Symptomatic Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia. Journal of the American Heart Association 2018. link 68 Roberts WC, Grayburn PA, Hall SA. Complications of Radiofrequency Ablation for Supraventricular Tachycardia in the Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome Associated With Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy. The American journal of cardiology 2018. link 69 Honarbakhsh S, Baker V, Kirkby C, Patel K, Robinson G, Antoniou S et al.. Safety and efficacy of paramedic treatment of regular supraventricular tachycardia: a randomised controlled trial. Heart (British Cardiac Society) 2017. link 70 Liu CF, Ip JE, Cheung JW, Thomas G, Markowitz SM, Lerman BB. Utility of Pre-Induction Ventriculoatrial Response to Adenosine in the Diagnosis of Orthodromic Reciprocating Tachycardia. JACC. Clinical electrophysiology 2017. link 71 Paech C, Janousek J, Wagner F, Gebauer RA. Rate Control by Transoesophageal Atrial Overdrive Pacing for Refractory Supraventricular Tachycardia with Severe Ventricular Dysfunction: A Bridge to Recovery. Pediatric cardiology 2017. link 72 Wegner FK, Silvano M, Bögeholz N, Leitz PR, Frommeyer G, Dechering DG et al.. Slow pathway modification in patients presenting with only two consecutive AV nodal echo beats. Journal of cardiology 2017. link 73 Nordblom AK, Broström A, Fridlund B. Impact on a Person's Daily Life During Episodes of Supraventricular Tachycardia. Journal of holistic nursing : official journal of the American Holistic Nurses' Association 2017. link 74 Dadi G, Fink D, Weiser G. High-dose adenosine for refractory supraventricular tachycardia: a case report and literature review. Cardiology in the young 2017. link 75 von Alvensleben JC, LaPage MJ, Caruthers R, Bradley DJ. Nadolol for Treatment of Supraventricular Tachycardia in Infants and Young Children. Pediatric cardiology 2017. link 76 Michaud A, Lang E. Leg Lift Valsalva Maneuver for Treatment of Supraventricular Tachycardias. CJEM 2017. link 77 Lewis J, Arora G, Tudorascu DL, Hickey RW, Saladino RA, Manole MD. Acute Management of Refractory and Unstable Pediatric Supraventricular Tachycardia. The Journal of pediatrics 2017. link 78 Al-Khatib SM, Arshad A, Balk EM, Das SR, Hsu JC, Joglar JA et al.. Risk stratification for arrhythmic events in patients with asymptomatic pre-excitation: A systematic review for the 2015 ACC/AHA/HRS guideline for the management of adult patients with supraventricular tachycardia: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. Heart rhythm 2016. link 79 Casella M, Dello Russo A, Pelargonio G, Del Greco M, Zingarini G, Piacenti M et al.. Near zerO fluoroscopic exPosure during catheter ablAtion of supRavenTricular arrhYthmias: the NO-PARTY multicentre randomized trial. Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology 2016. link 80 Al-Khatib SM, Arshad A, Balk EM, Das SR, Hsu JC, Joglar JA et al.. Risk Stratification for Arrhythmic Events in Patients With Asymptomatic Pre-Excitation: A Systematic Review for the 2015 ACC/AHA/HRS Guideline for the Management of Adult Patients With Supraventricular Tachycardia: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2016. link 81 Perlman O, Katz A, Amit G, Zigel Y. Supraventricular Tachycardia Classification in the 12-Lead ECG Using Atrial Waves Detection and a Clinically Based Tree Scheme. IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics 2016. link 82 Tokuda M, Yamane T, Matsuo S, Tokutake K, Yokoyama K, Hioki M et al.. Paradoxical responses to pacing maneuvers differentiating atrioventricular node reentrant tachycardia and junctional tachycardia. Heart and vessels 2016. link 83 Peiker C, Pott C, Eckardt L, Kelm M, Shin DI, Willems S et al.. Dual atrioventricular nodal non-re-entrant tachycardia. Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology 2016. link 84 Gülgün M, Özer S, Karagöz T, Akın A, Aykan HH, Özkutlu S et al.. Is transesophageal electrophysiologic study valuable in children with successful radiofrequency ablation of supraventricular tachycardia on follow-up for recurrence?. Anatolian journal of cardiology 2016. link 85 Al-Khatib SM, Arshad A, Balk EM, Das SR, Hsu JC, Joglar JA et al.. Risk Stratification for Arrhythmic Events in Patients With Asymptomatic Pre-Excitation: A Systematic Review for the 2015 ACC/AHA/HRS Guideline for the Management of Adult Patients With Supraventricular Tachycardia: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation 2016. link 86 Seizer P, Bucher V, Frische C, Heinzmann D, Gramlich M, Müller I et al.. Efficacy and safety of zero-fluoroscopy ablation for supraventricular tachycardias. Use of optional contact force measurement for zero-fluoroscopy ablation in a clinical routine setting. Herz 2016. link 87 Brembilla-Perrot B, Sellal JM, Olivier A, Villemin T, Manenti V, Brembilla A et al.. Electrophysiological study generally is negative in patients <40 years suspected of supraventricular tachycardia but also complaining of chest pain and/or syncope. International journal of cardiology 2016. link 88 Moore JP, Arcilla L, Wang S, Lee MS, Shannon KM. Characterization of Cardiac Troponin Elevation in the Setting of Pediatric Supraventricular Tachycardia. Pediatric cardiology 2016. link 89 Kaneko Y, Naito S, Okishige K, Morishima I, Tobiume T, Nakajima T et al.. Atypical Fast-Slow Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia Incorporating a "Superior" Slow Pathway: A Distinct Supraventricular Tachyarrhythmia. Circulation 2016. link 90 Mao J, Moriarty JM, Mandapati R, Boyle NG, Shivkumar K, Vaseghi M. Catheter ablation of accessory pathways near the coronary sinus: value of defining coronary arterial anatomy. Heart rhythm 2015. link 91 Kang SL, Howe D, Coleman M, Roman K, Gnanapragasam J. Foetal supraventricular tachycardia with hydrops fetalis: a role for direct intraperitoneal amiodarone. Cardiology in the young 2015. link 92 Pass RH, Gates GG, Gellis LA, Nappo L, Ceresnak SR. Reducing patient radiation exposure during paediatric SVT ablations: use of CARTO® 3 in concert with "ALARA" principles profoundly lowers total dose. Cardiology in the young 2015. link 93 Moffett BS, Lupo PJ, delaUz CM, Valdes SO, Miyake CY, Decker JA et al.. Efficacy of digoxin in comparison with propranolol for treatment of infant supraventricular tachycardia: analysis of a large, national database. Cardiology in the young 2015. link 94 Jauregui-Abularach ME, Bazan V, Martí-Almor J, Cian D, Vallès E, Benito B et al.. Characterization of the nodal slow pathway in patients with nodal reentrant tachycardia: clinical implications for guiding ablation. Revista espanola de cardiologia (English ed.) 2015. link 95 Shaker H, Jahanian F, Fathi M, Zare M. Oral verapamil in paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia recurrence control: a randomized clinical trial. Therapeutic advances in cardiovascular disease 2015. link 96 Scanavacca MI, Sternick EB, Pisani C, Lara S, Hardy C, d'Ávila A et al.. Accessory atrioventricular pathways refractory to catheter ablation: role of percutaneous epicardial approach. Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology 2015. link 97 Xu G, Liu T, Liu E, Ye L, Shehata M, Wang X et al.. Radiofrequency catheter ablation at the non-coronary cusp for the treatment of para-hisian accessory pathways. Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology 2015. link 98 Shurrab M, Szili-Torok T, Akca F, Tiong I, Kagal D, Newman D et al.. Empiric slow pathway ablation in non-inducible supraventricular tachycardia. International journal of cardiology 2015. link 99 Xiao J, He P, Zou Q, Zhao Y, Xue Z, Deng X et al.. Landiolol in the treatment of the intraoperative supraventricular tachycardia: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Journal of clinical anesthesia 2015. link 100 Ozturk E, Ergul Y, Tanidir IC, Akdeniz C, Tola HT, Tuzcu V. Electroanatomic mapping guided cryoablation of Mahaim pathways in children with limited fluoroscopy exposure. Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE 2015. link