← Back to guidelines
Cardiology13 papers

Familial visceral amyloidosis, Ostertag type

Last edited: 4/22/2026

Overview

Familial visceral amyloidosis, Ostertag type, is a hereditary systemic amyloidosis characterized by amyloid deposits primarily affecting the heart, leading to progressive cardiac dysfunction and often accompanied by neurological symptoms. 3

Diagnosis

  • Clinical Presentation: Progressive peripheral neuropathy, cardiac involvement (conduction disturbances, heart block, sinus node dysfunction), and autonomic dysfunction. 124
  • Electrocardiography (ECG): Abnormalities such as reduced voltage and conduction defects. 1
  • Echocardiography: Evidence of left ventricular wall thickening and increased left ventricular mass. 1
  • Histological Examination: Confirmation of amyloid deposits in tissue biopsies, particularly in cardiac and autonomic nervous system structures. 2
  • Genetic Testing: Identification of specific transthyretin mutations (e.g., Glu42Gly, Ala36Pro, Val30Met) associated with disease progression. 1
  • Management

  • Liver Transplantation: Definitive therapy for slowing disease progression, particularly beneficial for cardiac involvement. 1
  • Pacemaker Implantation: Indicated for atrioventricular block, sinus node dysfunction, and symptomatic bradycardia. 45
  • Symptomatic Treatment: Management of heart failure symptoms, arrhythmias, and neuropathy with supportive care measures.
  • Monitoring: Regular ECG, echocardiography, and clinical assessments to track disease progression despite transplantation. 1
  • Special Populations

  • Cardiac Involvement: Common across all age groups, necessitating close monitoring and potential pacemaker use in elderly patients. 45
  • Comorbidities: Patients with coexisting autonomic dysfunction may require additional management strategies for orthostatic hypotension. 2
  • Key Recommendations

  • Liver Transplantation for Cardiac Involvement: Consider liver transplantation for patients with significant cardiac amyloidosis to potentially slow disease progression. (Evidence: Moderate 1)
  • Pacemaker for Conduction Abnormalities: Implant pacemakers in patients with symptomatic atrioventricular block or sinus node dysfunction. (Evidence: Moderate 45)
  • Regular Cardiac Monitoring: Implement routine ECG and echocardiographic monitoring post-transplantation to assess for continued cardiac amyloid deposition despite cessation of mutant protein production. (Evidence: Weak 1)
  • References

    1 Dubrey SW, Davidoff R, Skinner M, Bergethon P, Lewis D, Falk RH. Progression of ventricular wall thickening after liver transplantation for familial amyloidosis. Transplantation 1997. link 2 Kiuru S, Matikainen E, Kupari M, Haltia M, Palo J. Autonomic nervous system and cardiac involvement in familial amyloidosis, Finnish type (FAF). Journal of the neurological sciences 1994. link90092-2) 3 Varga J, Wohlgethan JR. The clinical and biochemical spectrum of hereditary amyloidosis. Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism 1988. link90031-5) 4 Eriksson P, Olofsson BO. Pacemaker treatment in familial amyloidosis with polyneuropathy. Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE 1984. link 5 Olofsson BO, Eriksson P, Eriksson A. The sick sinus syndrome in familial amyloidosis with polyneuropathy. International journal of cardiology 1983. link90217-6)

    Original source

    1. [1]
      Progression of ventricular wall thickening after liver transplantation for familial amyloidosis.Dubrey SW, Davidoff R, Skinner M, Bergethon P, Lewis D, Falk RH Transplantation (1997)
    2. [2]
      Autonomic nervous system and cardiac involvement in familial amyloidosis, Finnish type (FAF).Kiuru S, Matikainen E, Kupari M, Haltia M, Palo J Journal of the neurological sciences (1994)
    3. [3]
      The clinical and biochemical spectrum of hereditary amyloidosis.Varga J, Wohlgethan JR Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism (1988)
    4. [4]
      Pacemaker treatment in familial amyloidosis with polyneuropathy.Eriksson P, Olofsson BO Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE (1984)
    5. [5]
      The sick sinus syndrome in familial amyloidosis with polyneuropathy.Olofsson BO, Eriksson P, Eriksson A International journal of cardiology (1983)

    HemoChat

    by SPINAI

    Evidence-based clinical decision support powered by SNOMED-CT, Neo4j GraphRAG, and NASS/AO/NICE guidelines.

    ⚕ For clinical reference only. Not a substitute for professional judgment.

    © 2026 HemoChat. All rights reserved.
    Research·Pricing·Privacy & Terms·Refund·SNOMED-CT · NASS · AO Spine · NICE · GraphRAG