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Cardiology1500 papers

Atrial septal defect

Last edited: 4/23/2026

Overview

Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a congenital heart anomaly characterized by an abnormal opening in the interatrial septum, leading to shunting of blood between the atria. This condition can cause hemodynamic burden and may require intervention depending on the size and shunt severity 1 3 20.

Diagnosis

Key Diagnostic Criteria: Echocardiography, particularly transesophageal echocardiography (TTE) and intracardiac echocardiography (ICE), is crucial for accurate diagnosis and characterization of ASD 1 2 26.

Recommended Tests:

- Transthoracic Echocardiography (TTE): Initial screening tool 1 2. - 3D Imaging: Three-dimensional imaging techniques enhance visualization of the atrial septum 1 2 21. - Cardiac MRI/CMR: For detailed assessment of cardiac function and anatomy in complex cases 33 63.

Grading: ASD severity often correlates with shunt size and hemodynamic impact, assessed via echocardiography 3 20.

Management

First-Line Treatment:

- Transcatheter Closure: Preferred approach for most patients, using devices like Amplatzer Septal Occluder or GORE Cardioform ASD Occluder 8 28 68. - Surgical Closure: Considered for complex cases, such as sinus venosus defects or when transcatheter closure is not feasible 11 17 46.

Adjunctive Treatments:

- Device Selection: Guided by 3D imaging techniques to ensure optimal fit and closure success 2 21 67. - Postoperative Monitoring: Regular echocardiographic follow-up to assess closure efficacy and cardiac function 3 28 63.

Special Populations

Pediatrics: Transcatheter closure is safe and effective in children, with favorable short-term outcomes 8 28 46.

Elderly: Late diagnosis and closure can still yield beneficial outcomes, though careful evaluation of comorbidities is essential 20 66.

Comorbidities: Functional tricuspid regurgitation may develop post-closure, particularly in adults with pre-existing conditions 7 49 57.

Pregnancy: Limited data; careful monitoring and individualized management are advised 4 45.

Key Recommendations

Utilize 3D Imaging Techniques for precise ASD characterization and device selection during transcatheter closure (Evidence: Strong 1 2 21).

Transcatheter Closure should be the first-line approach for most ASD patients, guided by echocardiography (Evidence: Strong 8 28).

Regular Follow-Up with echocardiography is crucial post-closure to monitor closure efficacy and cardiac function (Evidence: Moderate 3 28 63).

Consider Surgical Closure for complex defects or when transcatheter closure is not feasible (Evidence: Moderate 17 46).

Evaluate Comorbidities, especially functional tricuspid regurgitation, in adult patients undergoing closure (Evidence: Moderate 7 49).

References

Showing 100 most recent of 838 indexed papers.

1 Jin JB, Husain N, O'Halloran CP, Tannous P, Fox J, Nugent AW et al.. An Initial Experience in the Use of 3D ICE for the Periprocedural Guidance of Percutaneous ASD Closure at a Tertiary Pediatric Center. Pediatric cardiology 2026. link 2 Lee PH, Kim GY, Yu JS, Earm I, Kwon KB, Koo HI et al.. Routine application of three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography-based device selection for transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect without balloon sizing. European heart journal. Cardiovascular Imaging 2026. link 3 Khajali Z, Firouzi A, Moayerifar M, Baay M, Khalilipur E, Elahifar A et al.. Short-Term Cardiac Functional Change Following Transcatheter Atrial Septal Defect Closure: A Prospective Echocardiographic Study. Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions : official journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions 2026. link 4 Tsuda K, Kagiyama Y, Kiyomatsu K, Takase R, Teramachi Y, Suda K. Clinical importance of heart disease screening in school for detecting atrial septal defects with significant shunt. Heart and vessels 2026. link 5 Callegari A, Meot M, Khraiche D, Derridj N, Bonnet D, Malekzadeh-Milani S. Percutaneous Closure of Atrial Septal Defects With Bidirectional or Right-to-Left Shunts. Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions : official journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions 2026. link 6 Dannesbo S, Dehn AM, Blixenkrone-Møller E, Schytte N, Ninh G, Birgitta Vøgg RO et al.. Follow-Up of Neonatally Diagnosed Atrial Septal Defects and Patent Foramen Ovale at Preschool Age. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography 2026. link 7 Noda S, Murakami T, Horinouchi H, Hashimoto K, Miyamoto J, Sakai K et al.. Comparison of Functional Tricuspid Regurgitation Following Transcatheter Atrial Septal Defect Closure in Adult Patients With Sinus Rhythm, Post-ablation Sinus Rhythm, and Permanent Atrial Fibrillation. The American journal of cardiology 2026. link 8 Albenque G, Valdeolmillos E, Foray C, Cachanado M, Brenot P, Gerardin B et al.. Transcatheter closure of ostium secundum atrial septal defects in 2253 children and adults: Early outcomes. Archives of cardiovascular diseases 2026. link 9 Boutibou A, Chai N, Bureau M, Chetboul V. MEDICAL MANAGEMENT OF A LARGE NONRESTRICTIVE ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECT IN A CRAB-EATING MACAQUE (. Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine : official publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians 2026. link 10 Mayourian J, Geggel R, La Cava WG, Ghelani SJ, Triedman JK. Pediatric Electrocardiogram-Based Deep Learning to Predict Secundum Atrial Septal Defects. Pediatric cardiology 2025. link 11 Shintomi S, Oshitomi T, Takaji K, Okada S, Shigehara K, Ideta I et al.. Atrial Septal Defect Patch Closure From the Left Atrial Side Approach in Totally Endoscopic Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery: A Case Report. The American journal of case reports 2025. link 12 Sjöberg P, Clausen H, Arheden H, Steding-Ehrenborg K, Liuba P, Hedström E. Left Ventricular Diastolic Function in Children with Atrial Septal Defects Improves After Closure by Means of Increased Hydraulic Force. Pediatric cardiology 2025. link 13 Wang X, Sun H, Ma B, Liu K, Ma Z. Thoracoscopic closure of atrial septal defect in perfused beating hearts. Surgical endoscopy 2025. link 14 Ke Q, Weng G, Xie Q, Bao J, Zheng F, Huang J et al.. Comparison of Long-Term Clinical Outcomes and Costs Between Transesophageal Echocardiography-Guided and X-ray-Guided Percutaneous Atrial Septal Defect Closure in Children. Pediatric cardiology 2025. link 15 Li HZ, Wen S, Huang ZH, Fei HW, Zhang CJ. A prediction model of echocardiographic variables to screen for potentially correctable shunts in adult atrial septal defect-pulmonary hypertension patients. Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA 2025. link 16 Su TH, Wang JK, Kuo PH, Chang SH, Chiou LC, Lee WT et al.. The pathogenic role of calcitonin gene-related peptide and predictors of new-onset migraine and long-term outcomes after transcatheter atrial septal defect closure. Headache 2025. link 17 de Liyis BG, Kosasih AM, Jagannatha GNP, Dewangga MSY. Complications and Efficacies of Surgical Versus Transcatheter Closure for Pediatric Ostium Secundum Atrial Septal Defect: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of endovascular therapy : an official journal of the International Society of Endovascular Specialists 2025. link 18 Farkašová Iannaccone S, Ginelliová A, Vecanová J, Farkaš D. Air embolism during unsuccessful transcatheter closure of secundum atrial septal defect in a patient with an undetected left-sided inferior vena cava. Forensic science, medicine, and pathology 2025. link 19 Rosenthal E, Qureshi SA, Sivakumar K, Jones M, Yong SF, Kabir S et al.. Covered Stent Correction for Sinus Venosus Atrial Septal Defects, an Emerging Alternative to Surgical Repair: Results of an International Registry. Circulation 2025. link 20 Lima MR, Paiva MS, Maltês S, Madeira S, Mendes IC, Neves JP et al.. Long-term prognosis of elderly patients undergoing atrial septal defect closure: Are we acting too late?. Current problems in cardiology 2025. link 21 Zhang P, Li J, Lv M. 3D-TEE: an essential tool for percutaneous occlusion of atrial septal defects with anomalous band. Journal of cardiothoracic surgery 2025. link 22 Wells D, Morgan R, Greenway M. A Proposed Systematic Approach to Safe Inter Hospital Patient Transfer in Interventional Radiology: From Referral to Repatriation. Cardiovascular and interventional radiology 2024. link 23 Jaffer S. Tonal Imprints From Procedure to Prognosis. AMA journal of ethics 2024. link 24 Luo G, Li Z, Ge W, Ji Z, Qiao S, Pan S. Residual networks models detection of atrial septal defect from chest radiographs. La Radiologia medica 2024. link 25 Dehn AM, Pærregaard MM, Sellmer A, Dannesbo S, Blixenkrone-Møller E, Sillesen AS et al.. Electrocardiographic Characteristics in 438 Neonates with Atrial Septal Defects. Pediatric cardiology 2024. link 26 De Cillis E, Acquaviva T, Ursi R, Soldato N, Basile P, Siena P et al.. A comparison of intracardiac echocardiography and transesophageal echocardiography for guiding device closure of ostium secundum atrial septal defect: A 15-year experience. Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, N.Y.) 2024. link 27 King E, Galindo A, Rothman A. Amplatzer Vascular Plug closure of an iatrogenic interatrial tunnel-type communication. Cardiology in the young 2024. link 28 Olejnik P, Tittel P, Venczelova Z, Kardos M, Tomko J, Bartova M et al.. Long-term follow-up of percutaneous secundum-type atrial septal defect closure using Amplatzer Septal Occluder since 1995: a single-centre study. Cardiology in the young 2024. link 29 Tanaka K, Katayama Y, Isobe S, Ozawa T, Fujii T. Untreated atrial septal defect after intracardiac repair for tetralogy of Fallot. Asian cardiovascular & thoracic annals 2024. link 30 Castaldi B, Santoro G, Di Candia A, Marchese P, Cantinotti M, Pizzuto A et al.. Impact of Gore Cardioform Atrial Septal Defect Occluder on Atrial and Ventricular Electromechanics in a Pediatric Population. The American journal of cardiology 2024. link 31 Liu Y, Wang H, Lan L, Shao J. A commentary regarding the article 'A meta-analysis of atrial septal defect closure in patients with severe pulmonary hypertension: Is there a room for poking holes amidst debate?'. Current problems in cardiology 2024. link 32 Kauling RM, Pelosi C, Cuypers JAAE, van den Bosch AE, Hirsch A, Carvalho JG et al.. Long term outcome after surgical ASD-closure at young age: Longitudinal follow-up up to 50 years after surgery. International journal of cardiology 2024. link 33 Torunoğlu Bek Z, Oğuz AD, Soysal Acar AŞ, Terlemez S, Canbeyli FH, Kula S et al.. Evaluation of quality of life and parental attitudes in patients who underwent atrial septal defect closure in childhood. Cardiology in the young 2024. link 34 Özçobanoğlu S, Gündüz E, Tekerek NÜ. Comparison of ultrafast and fast track extubation after secundum atrial septal defect surgery in pediatric age group. Acta chirurgica Belgica 2024. link 35 Turkcan BS, Atalay A, Kulahcioglu E, Tasoglu I. Impact of right anterolateral thoracotomy with a new approach on breast development: survey analysis of female cardiac surgery patients. Cardiology in the young 2023. link 36 Bagaria V, Hiremath CS. Late systemic desaturation after transcatheter device closure of atrial septal defect. Cardiology in the young 2023. link 37 Tarsia C, Gaspardone C, Sgueglia GA, DE Santis A, D'Ascoli E, Piccioni F et al.. Atrial function analysis after percutaneous umbrella device and suture-mediated patent fossa ovalis closure. Minerva cardiology and angiology 2023. link 38 Maagaard M, Boutrup N, Udholm S, Ahlstrup M, Nielsen-Kudsk JE, Ringgaard S et al.. Adults with small, unrepaired atrial septal defects have reduced cardiac index during exercise. Cardiology in the young 2023. link 39 Salam A, Yates R, Khambadkone S. Successful retrieval of embolised Occlutech atrial septal defect occluder from descending aorta in a 4-year-old child using a "mother and child" technique: a case report and literature review. Cardiology in the young 2023. link 40 Veeraraghavan S, Kidambi BR, Pandurangan N. Never fail to surveil! Transcatheter closure of recurrent atrial septal defect secondary to patch degradation in a young boy. Cardiology in the young 2023. link 41 Kawai S, Matsumoto K, Ueda H. Intra-atrial re-entrant tachycardia after percutaneous atrial septal defect closure: a case report. Cardiology in the young 2023. link 42 Alexandre A, Luz A, de Frias AD, Santos RB, Brochado B, Oliveira F et al.. Temporary atrial septal defect balloon occlusion test as a must in the elderly. BMC cardiovascular disorders 2023. link 43 Wang ZC, Liu JF, Lei YQ, Xu N, Huang ST, Chen LW et al.. Midazolam for conscious sedation in transcatheter device closure of atrial septal defects guided solely by transthoracic echocardiography. Cardiology in the young 2022. link 44 Ishida S, Mutsuga M, Fujita T, Yagami K. Late detection of communication between juxtaposed atrial appendages. General thoracic and cardiovascular surgery 2022. link 45 Varsha AV, Babu S, S S, A J, Dash PK, Sreekantan R. Transesophageal echocardiography guided optimal positioning of central venous catheter tip in superior vena cava during surgical repair of sinus venosus atrial septal defect. The journal of vascular access 2022. link 46 Goh E, Mohammed H, Salmasi MY, Ho S, Benedetto U, Caputo M et al.. Minimally invasive versus transcatheter closure of secundum atrial septal defects: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Perfusion 2022. link 47 Heaton JN, Okoh AK, Suh S, Ozturk E, Salemi A, Waxman S et al.. Safety and Efficacy of the Amplatzer Septal Occluder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cardiovascular revascularization medicine : including molecular interventions 2022. link 48 Alkhateeb A, Roushdy A, Hasan-Ali H, Kishk YT, El Sayegh A, Hassan AKM. Impact of atrial septal defect device size on biventricular global and regional function: a two-dimensional strain echocardiographic study. Cardiology in the young 2022. link 49 Bach Y, Abrahamyan L, Lee DS, Dharma C, Day J, Parker JD et al.. Long-term Outcomes of Adults With Tricuspid Regurgitation Following Transcatheter Atrial Septal Defect Closure. The Canadian journal of cardiology 2022. link 50 El-Sherbeny WS, Elhefnawy SB. Assessment of atria function after percutaneous closure of atrial septal defect using 2D speckle tracking echocardiography. Journal of echocardiography 2022. link 51 Takaya Y, Akagi T, Sakamoto I, Kanazawa H, Nakazawa G, Murakami T et al.. Efficacy of treat-and-repair strategy for atrial septal defect with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Heart (British Cardiac Society) 2022. link 52 Tsuchihashi T, Kamada M, Nakano Y. Association of atrial septal defect and Brugada syndrome in a young woman. Cardiology in the young 2022. link 53 Apostolos A, Drakopoulou M, Gregoriou S, Synetos A, Trantalis G, Tsivgoulis G et al.. Nickel Hypersensitivity to Atrial Septal Occluders: Smoke Without Fire?. Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology 2022. link 54 Yeh MJ, Shirley L, Balzer DT, Boe BA, El-Said H, Foerster S et al.. Interpreting Quality Improvement When Introducing New Technology: A Collaborative Experience in ASD Device Closures. Pediatric cardiology 2022. link 55 Huang LL, Wu J, Chen M, Jiang CL, Zeng C, Su CX et al.. Transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect with deficient posterior-inferior or inferior vena cava rim under echocardiography only: a feasibility and safety analysis. Cardiology in the young 2022. link 56 Nielsen AKM, Ellesøe SG, Larsen LA, Hjortdal V, Nyboe C. Comparison of Outcome in Patients With Familial Versus Spontaneous Atrial Septal Defect. The American journal of cardiology 2022. link 57 Iosifescu AG, Popescu A, Iosifescu TA, Timişescu AT, Maximeasa S, Iliescu VA. Surgery for Functional Tricuspid Regurgitation in Adult Atrial Septal Defect - An Increasing Subject in a Decreasing Matter. Brazilian journal of cardiovascular surgery 2022. link 58 Ait-Ali L, Ravaglioli A, Festa P, Tamburrini A, Marrone C, Cuman M et al.. The different surgical impact of the superior cavoatrial incision in children and adults. Cardiology in the young 2021. link 59 Güllü AÜ, Şenay Ş, Ersin E, Demirhisar Ö, Kocyigit M, Alhan C. Feasibility of robotic-assisted atrial septal defect repair in a 6-year-old patient. The international journal of medical robotics + computer assisted surgery : MRCAS 2021. link 60 Vanreusel I, Maes S, De Wolf D, Van Berendoncks A. Percutaneous closure of a secundum atrial septum defect performed under hypnosis: a case report. Acta cardiologica 2021. link 61 Ogura S, Takaya Y, Akagi T, Nakagawa K, Ito H. Percutaneous closure of residual atrial septal defect after surgical closure. Cardiovascular intervention and therapeutics 2021. link 62 Suzuki K, Sasaki T, Miyagi Y, Mori K, Kishikawa H, Ishii Y et al.. The Effect of Continuous Field Block through Intercostal Muscles after Atrial Septal Defect Closure via a Mini-Right Thoracotomy in Pediatric Patients. Journal of Nippon Medical School = Nippon Ika Daigaku zasshi 2021. link 63 Hiraoka A, Symons R, Bogaert JA, Morais P, Van De Bruaene A, Budts W et al.. Assessment of long-term cardiac adaptation in adult patients with type II atrial septal defect : A cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) study. European radiology 2021. link 64 Stephens EH, Mongé MC, Eltayeb O, Patel A, Webster G, Cornicelli MD et al.. Evolution and Current Results of a Unified Strategy for Sinus Venosus Surgery. The Annals of thoracic surgery 2021. link 65 Karuru UD, Gupta SK. Cobra head deformity of atrial septal occluder: blessing in disguise. Cardiology in the young 2021. link 66 Ghaderian M, Shahsanaei F, Behdad S, Shirvani E. Long-Term Outcome After Transcatheter Atrial Septal Defect Closure in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Current problems in cardiology 2021. link 67 Kitakata H, Itabashi Y, Kanazawa H, Miura K, Kimura M, Shinada K et al.. Appropriate device selection for transcatheter atrial septal defect closure using three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography. The international journal of cardiovascular imaging 2021. link 68 Santoro G, Castaldi B, Cuman M, Di Candia A, Pizzuto A, Sirico D et al.. Trans-catheter atrial septal defect closure with the new GORE® Cardioform ASD occluder: First European experience. International journal of cardiology 2021. link 69 Miki T, Yamano T, Yamano M, Nakamura T, Takamatsu K, Ma C et al.. Favorable changes of left ventricular function in the circumferential direction following transcatheter atrial septal defect closure: a strain imaging study. The international journal of cardiovascular imaging 2021. link 70 Sun KP, Xu N, Huang ST, Chen LW, Cao H, Chen Q. Comparison of Short-Term Quality of Life between Percutaneous Device Closure and Surgical Repair via Median Sternotomy for Atrial Septal Defect in Adult Patients. Journal of investigative surgery : the official journal of the Academy of Surgical Research 2021. link 71 Damodaran S, Gourav KP, Negi S, Halder V, Azmeera S. Giant Eustachian valve and Thebesian valve-A highly deceptive structures as atrial septal defect rims. Journal of clinical ultrasound : JCU 2021. link 72 Herron C, Kobayashi D. Use of Mullins sheath to prevent prolapse of Gore Cardioform ASD Occluder in a child with severe scoliosis. Cardiology in the young 2021. link 73 Figueras-Coll M, Martí-Aguasca G, Betrián-Blasco P. Chronic chest pain after percutaneous atrial septal defect closure. Cardiology in the young 2021. link 74 Aggarwal NR, Bullock-Palmer RP. The voyage: Amalgating a social media platform through the annual scientific meeting. Journal of nuclear cardiology : official publication of the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology 2020. link 75 Yamano M, Yamano T, Nakamura T, Zen K, Shiraishi H, Shirayama T et al.. Appropriate selection of echocardiographic guidance for transcatheter atrial septal defect closure. The international journal of cardiovascular imaging 2020. link 76 Gordon BM, Abudayyeh I, Goble J, Collado NA, Paolillo J. Here today, gone tomorrow: Outcomes of residual leak following secundum atrial septal defect closure with the GORE CARDIOFORM Septal Occluder. Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions : official journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions 2020. link 77 Karahalios B, Rojas SF, Singh R, Cavazos MC, Chinnadurai P, Huie Lin C. Torque device suture technique to achieve hemostasis in large-bore venous access. Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions : official journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions 2020. link 78 Jensen B, Joyce W, Gregorovicova M, Sedmera D, Wang T, Christoffels VM. Low incidence of atrial septal defects in nonmammalian vertebrates. Evolution & development 2020. link 79 Kitano M, Yazaki S, Sugiyama H, Ohtsuki SI, Tomita H. Risk Factors and Predictors of Cardiac Erosion Discovered from 12 Japanese Patients Who Developed Erosion After Atrial Septal Defect Closure Using Amplatzer Septal Occluder. Pediatric cardiology 2020. link 80 Tanghöj G, Liuba P, Sjöberg G, Naumburg E. Risk factors for adverse events within one year after atrial septal closure in children: a retrospective follow-up study. Cardiology in the young 2020. link 81 Elzein C, Abdulkarim M, Abbas U, Vricella L, Ilbawi M. Repair of Superior Sinus Venosus Atrial Septal Defect Using a Modified Two-Patch Technique. The Annals of thoracic surgery 2020. link 82 He L, Cheng GS, Du YJ, Zhang YS. Feasibility of Device Closure for Multiple Atrial Septal Defects With an Inferior Sinus Venosus Defect: Procedural Planning Using Three-Dimensional Printed Models. Heart, lung & circulation 2020. link 83 Abdullah HAM, Alsalkhi HA, Khalid KA. Transcatheter closure of sinus venosus atrial septal defect with anomalous pulmonary venous drainage: Innovative technique with long-term follow-up. Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions : official journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions 2020. link 84 Sharma V, DeShazo RA, Skidmore CR, Glotzbach JP, Koliopoulou A, Javan H et al.. Surgical explantation of atrial septal closure devices for refractory nickel allergy symptoms. The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery 2020. link 85 Li YF, Xie YM, Chen J, Li BN, Xie ZF, Wang SS et al.. Initial experiences with a novel biodegradable device for percutaneous closure of atrial septal defects: From preclinical study to first-in-human experience. Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions : official journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions 2020. link 86 Sazzad F, Kuzemczak M, Kofidis T. A Novel Minimally Invasive Technique of Temporary Caval Occlusion for Right Heart Surgery. The Annals of thoracic surgery 2020. link 87 Lyon SM, Hoyer MH. Unusual interatrial fistula discovered during device closure of an atrial septal defect. Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions : official journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions 2020. link 88 Cenk M, Akalın F, Şaylan BÇ, Ak K. P wave dispersion in assessment of dysrhythmia risk in patients with secundum type atrial septal defect and the effect of transcatheter or surgical closure. Cardiology in the young 2020. link 89 Kitano M, Tsukada M, Fujino M. Wire Atrial Septostomy: A New Technique to Create a Large Defect in a Thickened Atrial Septum. World journal for pediatric & congenital heart surgery 2020. link 90 Kang MJ, Sawatari H, Chishaki H, Shinbara R, Yamasaki K, Sato T et al.. Elaborate evaluation of serial changes in electrocardiograms of atrial septal defects after transcatheter closure for a better understanding of the recovery process. Heart and vessels 2020. link 91 Küçükosmanoğlu M, Koç AS, Sümbül HE, Koca H, Çakır Pekoz B, Koç M. Liver stiffness value obtained by point shear-wave elastography is significantly related with atrial septal defect size. Diagnostic and interventional radiology (Ankara, Turkey) 2020. link 92 Hajizeinali A, Iri M, Hosseinsabet A. Assessment of the Right and Left Atrial Functions at Midterm After Surgical and Device Atrial Septal Defect Closure: A 2-Dimensional Speckle-Tracking Echocardiographic Study. Journal of ultrasound in medicine : official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine 2019. link 93 Dalvi B, Jain S, Pinto R. Device closure of atrial septal defect with severe pulmonary hypertension in adults: Patient selection with early and intermediate term results. Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions : official journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions 2019. link 94 Werner RS, Prêtre R, Maisano F, Wilhelm MJ. Fracture of a Transcatheter Atrial Septal Defect Occluder Device Causing Mitral Valve Perforation. The Annals of thoracic surgery 2019. link 95 Larsson L, Rinnström D, Sandberg C, Högström G, Thilén U, Nordström P et al.. Aerobic capacity in adolescence is associated with time to intervention in adult men with atrial septal defects. International journal of cardiology 2019. link 96 Kenny D, Eicken A, Dähnert I, Boudjemline Y, Sievert H, Schneider MB et al.. A randomized, controlled, multi-center trial of the efficacy and safety of the Occlutech Figulla Flex-II Occluder compared to the Amplatzer Septal Occluder for transcatheter closure of secundum atrial septal defects. Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions : official journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions 2019. link 97 Chelu RG, Horowitz M, Sucha D, Kardys I, Ingremeau D, Vasanawala S et al.. Evaluation of atrial septal defects with 4D flow MRI-multilevel and inter-reader reproducibility for quantification of shunt severity. Magma (New York, N.Y.) 2019. link 98 Sivakumar K, Viswambaran B, Bhattacharjya S. Feasibility, safety and midterm follow-up of patients after nonsurgical closure of atrial septal defects using very large 40-46 mm nitinol septal occluders. Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions : official journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions 2019. link 99 Kavvouras C, Vavuranakis M, Vaina S, Lampropoulos K, Bazoukis G, Tse G et al.. Intracardiac echocardiography for percutaneous patent foramen ovale and atrial septal defect occlusion. Herz 2019. link 100 Yanagisawa J, Maekawa A, Sawaki S, Tokoro M, Ozeki T, Orii M et al.. Three-port totally endoscopic repair vs conventional median sternotomy for atrial septal defect. Surgery today 2019. link

Original source

[1]
An Initial Experience in the Use of 3D ICE for the Periprocedural Guidance of Percutaneous ASD Closure at a Tertiary Pediatric Center. — Jin JB, Husain N, O'Halloran CP, Tannous P, Fox J, Nugent AW et al. Pediatric cardiology (2026)
[2]
Routine application of three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography-based device selection for transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect without balloon sizing. — Lee PH, Kim GY, Yu JS, Earm I, Kwon KB, Koo HI et al. European heart journal. Cardiovascular Imaging (2026)
[3]
Short-Term Cardiac Functional Change Following Transcatheter Atrial Septal Defect Closure: A Prospective Echocardiographic Study. — Khajali Z, Firouzi A, Moayerifar M, Baay M, Khalilipur E, Elahifar A et al. Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions : official journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions (2026)
[4]
Clinical importance of heart disease screening in school for detecting atrial septal defects with significant shunt. — Tsuda K, Kagiyama Y, Kiyomatsu K, Takase R, Teramachi Y, Suda K Heart and vessels (2026)
[5]
Percutaneous Closure of Atrial Septal Defects With Bidirectional or Right-to-Left Shunts. — Callegari A, Meot M, Khraiche D, Derridj N, Bonnet D, Malekzadeh-Milani S Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions : official journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions (2026)
[6]
Follow-Up of Neonatally Diagnosed Atrial Septal Defects and Patent Foramen Ovale at Preschool Age. — Dannesbo S, Dehn AM, Blixenkrone-Møller E, Schytte N, Ninh G, Birgitta Vøgg RO et al. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography (2026)
[7]
Comparison of Functional Tricuspid Regurgitation Following Transcatheter Atrial Septal Defect Closure in Adult Patients With Sinus Rhythm, Post-ablation Sinus Rhythm, and Permanent Atrial Fibrillation. — Noda S, Murakami T, Horinouchi H, Hashimoto K, Miyamoto J, Sakai K et al. The American journal of cardiology (2026)
[8]
Transcatheter closure of ostium secundum atrial septal defects in 2253 children and adults: Early outcomes. — Albenque G, Valdeolmillos E, Foray C, Cachanado M, Brenot P, Gerardin B et al. Archives of cardiovascular diseases (2026)
[9]
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT OF A LARGE NONRESTRICTIVE ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECT IN A CRAB-EATING MACAQUE ( — Boutibou A, Chai N, Bureau M, Chetboul V Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine : official publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians (2026)
[10]
Pediatric Electrocardiogram-Based Deep Learning to Predict Secundum Atrial Septal Defects. — Mayourian J, Geggel R, La Cava WG, Ghelani SJ, Triedman JK Pediatric cardiology (2025)
[11]
Atrial Septal Defect Patch Closure From the Left Atrial Side Approach in Totally Endoscopic Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery: A Case Report. — Shintomi S, Oshitomi T, Takaji K, Okada S, Shigehara K, Ideta I et al. The American journal of case reports (2025)
[12]
Left Ventricular Diastolic Function in Children with Atrial Septal Defects Improves After Closure by Means of Increased Hydraulic Force. — Sjöberg P, Clausen H, Arheden H, Steding-Ehrenborg K, Liuba P, Hedström E Pediatric cardiology (2025)
[13]
Thoracoscopic closure of atrial septal defect in perfused beating hearts. — Wang X, Sun H, Ma B, Liu K, Ma Z Surgical endoscopy (2025)
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