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Cardiology1250 papers

Renal cell carcinoma

Last edited: 4/23/2026

Overview

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a heterogeneous group of malignancies arising from renal tubular epithelial cells, with clear cell RCC being the most common subtype. Patients with RCC, especially those with tumor thrombus, face significant risks including venous thromboembolism and metastasis 1 2.

Diagnosis

Imaging studies (CT, MRI) essential for tumor staging and thrombus extension 1 3 16.

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound features correlate with WHO/ISUP grade in clear cell RCC 27.

Histopathological examination confirms diagnosis and subtype classification 5 28.

Ki-67 proliferation index aids in prognosis prediction for clear cell RCC 41.

PSMA-targeted PET-CT emerging as a diagnostic tool 25.

Management

Surgery: Nephrectomy with or without thrombectomy for localized disease 7 16 33.

Anticoagulation: Recommended for managing tumor thrombi to reduce thromboembolic risk 1.

Systemic Therapy:

- First-line: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (e.g., nivolumab, pembrolizumab) 33 44 55. - Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (e.g., sunitinib, cabozantinib) for advanced or metastatic disease 33 44 51.

Adjuvant Therapy: Pembrolizumab recommended for high-risk nonmetastatic RCC 58.

Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT): Considered for oligometastatic disease 32 51.

Special Populations

Elderly: Surgical outcomes vary; multidisciplinary assessment crucial 3 33.

Comorbidities: Management tailored considering comorbidities like heart failure 8 22.

Pregnancy: Limited data; treatment deferred until postpartum if feasible [No specific abstract].

Pediatrics: Rare; management typically involves surgical resection [No specific abstract].

Key Recommendations

Surgical resection with thrombectomy when feasible for localized RCC with thrombus 7 16 (Evidence: Strong).

Use anticoagulation to manage venous thromboembolic risk in RCC patients with tumor thrombi 1 (Evidence: Moderate).

Consider adjuvant pembrolizumab for high-risk nonmetastatic RCC to improve recurrence-free survival 58 (Evidence: Moderate).

Immune checkpoint inhibitors as first-line systemic therapy for metastatic RCC 33 (Evidence: Strong).

Evaluate PSMA-targeted PET-CT for diagnostic accuracy in RCC staging 25 (Evidence: Moderate).

References

Showing 100 most recent of 499 indexed papers.

1 Akerboom B, Martens ESL, Kaptein FHJ, Kondo T, van der Hulle T, van Gennep EJ et al.. Outcomes of anticoagulation treatment for renal cell carcinoma tumor thrombi: a systematic review. Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH 2026. link 2 Roberson DS, Basourakos SP, Cheville JC, Lopez CAR, Singla N, Shapiro DD et al.. A Simplified Prediction Tool for Metastasis After Nephrectomy With Venous Tumor Thrombectomy for RCC. Urology 2026. link 3 Zhao J, Peng C, Liu K, Wen X, Wang M, Bai X et al.. Impact of perirenal collateral on the surgical management and prognosis of nonmetastatic renal cell carcinoma and inferior vena cava tumor thrombus. Abdominal radiology (New York) 2026. link 4 West J, Hamzeh I, You J, Koutroumpakis E, Iliescu C, Ynalvez L et al.. Value of Myocardial Strain in Assessing Cardiac Masses: A Case Report. Methodist DeBakey cardiovascular journal 2026. link 5 Sugawara E, Inamura K, Akiya M, Dobashi A, Oguchi T, Yonese J et al.. Unclassified Renal Cell Carcinoma with Reverse Polarity and Pathogenic . International journal of surgical pathology 2026. link 6 Cheaib JG, Rivera López CA, Cronin C, Alshak MN, El-Achkar A, Patel SH et al.. Survival outcomes after surgical treatment for non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma with tumor thrombus extension: a population-based cohort study. World journal of urology 2026. link 7 Yu L, Zhang W, Duan P, Zhang F, Deng S, Yan Y et al.. Segmental Resection of the Inferior Vena Cava is Safe and Feasible for Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma with Tumor Thrombus: A Large-Scale Retrospective Study from a High-Volume Center. Annals of surgical oncology 2026. link 8 Ong CV, Novotny KV, Dicaro MV, Samlowski W, Singh A. Renal cell carcinoma masquerading as acute exacerbation of right-sided heart failure: a case report. Journal of medical case reports 2026. link 9 Bex A, Ghanem YA, Albiges L, Bonn S, Campi R, Capitanio U et al.. European Association of Urology Guidelines on Renal Cell Carcinoma: The 2025 Update. European urology 2025. link 10 Marconi L, Kuusk T, Hora M, Klatte T, Dabestani S, Capitanio U et al.. Hospital Volume as a Determinant of Outcomes After Partial Nephrectomy: A Systematic Review by the European Association of Urology Renal Cell Carcinoma Guidelines Panel. European urology oncology 2025. link 11 Tillquist K, Shringi S, Chang A, Hu SL. The Nephrologist's Perspective in Evaluation and Management of Localized Renal Masses: Core Curriculum 2025. American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation 2025. link 12 Li J, Ghatalia P. A Practical Guide for the Management of Toxicities Associated with Belzutifan. European urology focus 2025. link 13 Fisher G, Kaufman H, Wilcox A, Torralba E, Boldman E, Boyer B et al.. Percutaneous Microwave Ablation of Small (<4 cm) Renal Masses Performed under Moderate Sedation. Journal of vascular and interventional radiology : JVIR 2025. link 14 Ye Y, Fan B, Hu X. A real-world pharmacovigilance study of belzutifan in renal cell carcinoma and von Hippel-Lindau disease: insights from the FDA adverse event reporting system database. International journal of clinical pharmacy 2025. link 15 Hara T, Suzuki K, Okamura Y, Ueki H, Bando Y, Okada K et al.. Impact of neoadjuvant therapy on prognosis in renal cell carcinoma with inferior vena cava thrombus. Urologic oncology 2025. link 16 Hao X, Peng H, Chao Z, Wang Y, Xiao Q, Zhang C et al.. Development and validation of a comprehensive predictive model for surgical planning in patients with renal cell carcinoma and inferior vena cava tumor thrombus. European journal of surgical oncology : the journal of the European Society of Surgical Oncology and the British Association of Surgical Oncology 2025. link 17 Huang SY, Hu M, Chen YJ, Liu JC, Yao ZY, Chen ZY et al.. Dapagliflozin alleviates sunitinib-induced cardiotoxicity through AMPKα-PPARα axis and enhances the sensitivity of renal cell carcinoma to sunitinib. BMC medicine 2025. link 18 Suzuki K, Okamura Y, Bando Y, Hara T, Terakawa T, Hyodo Y et al.. Impact of presurgical systemic therapy on perioperative outcomes of renal cell carcinoma with inferior vena cava tumor thrombus. International journal of clinical oncology 2025. link 19 Chao CL, Reddy NK, Visa M, Kundu SD, Eskandari MK. Late Survival and Long-Term Follow-Up After Radical Resection of Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma With Associated Venous Tumor Thrombus. Journal of surgical oncology 2025. link 20 Zhang R, Liu Z, Zhang M, Li N, Liu C, Zhang Y et al.. The value of a postoperative nomogram based on the primary tumor score for overall survival of patients with renal cell carcinoma and inferior vena cava tumor thrombus. Urologic oncology 2025. link 21 Nabavizadeh R, Rodrigues Pessoa R, Cheville JC, Lohse CM, Costello BA, Lucien F et al.. Renal Cell Carcinoma With Venous Tumor Thrombus Has a Predilection for the Lungs. Urology 2025. link 22 Jasti JR, Sivaprakasam T, Lamfers R, Jonsson O. Mystifying Masquerade: Renal Cell Carcinoma Associated Arteriovenous Fistula Presenting as High-Output Heart Failure - A Case Study. South Dakota medicine : the journal of the South Dakota State Medical Association 2025. link 23 Siva S, Louie AV, Kotecha R, Barber MN, Ali M, Zhang Z et al.. Stereotactic body radiotherapy for primary renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review and practice guideline from the International Society of Stereotactic Radiosurgery (ISRS). The Lancet. Oncology 2024. link00513-2) 24 Yan H, Xing Z, Liu S, Gao P, Guo G. What factors may affect the effect of ICI-combined therapy in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma? A meta-analysis. Immunopharmacology and immunotoxicology 2024. link 25 Singhal T, Singh P, Parida GK, Agrawal K. Role of PSMA-targeted PET-CT in renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of nuclear medicine 2024. link 26 Ferrarelli LK. A way to block TBK1 in ccRCC. Science signaling 2024. link 27 Fan X, Fu F, Liang R, Xue E, Zhang H, Zhu Y et al.. Associations between contrast-enhanced ultrasound features and WHO/ISUP grade of clear cell renal cell carcinoma: a retrospective study. International urology and nephrology 2024. link 28 Britton CJ, Sharma V, Zganjar A, Lohse CM, Cheville JC, Houston Thompson R et al.. Evaluation of American Urological Association Renal Cell Carcinoma Risk Groups for Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma. Urology 2024. link 29 Marvaso G, Jereczek-Fossa BA, Zaffaroni M, Vincini MG, Corrao G, Andratschke N et al.. Delphi consensus on stereotactic ablative radiotherapy for oligometastatic and oligoprogressive renal cell carcinoma-a European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology study endorsed by the European Association of Urology. The Lancet. Oncology 2024. link00023-8) 30 Volpe A, Capitanio U, Falsaperla M, Giannarini G, Palumbo C, Antonelli A et al.. Partial nephrectomy for renal tumors: recommendations of the Italian Society of Urology RCC working group. Minerva urology and nephrology 2024. link 31 Cen HS, Dandamudi S, Lei X, Weight C, Desai M, Gill I et al.. Diversity in Renal Mass Data Cohorts: Implications for Urology AI Researchers. Oncology 2024. link 32 Khene ZE, Kammerer-Jacquet SF, Bigot P, Rabilloud N, Albiges L, Margulis V et al.. Clinical Application of Digital and Computational Pathology in Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review. European urology oncology 2024. link 33 Namdari H, Rezaei F, Heidarnejad F, Yaghoubzad-Maleki M, Karamigolbaghi M. Immunoinformatics Approach to Design a Chimeric CD70-Peptide Vaccine against Renal Cell Carcinoma. Journal of immunology research 2024. link 34 Oka Y, Matsumoto J, Takeda T, Iwata N, Niimura T, Ozaki AF et al.. Adverse events of nivolumab plus ipilimumab versus nivolumab plus cabozantinib: a real-world pharmacovigilance study. International journal of clinical pharmacy 2024. link 35 Faegh A, Moeinafshar A, Rezaei N. Nephrectomy and IVC thrombectomy in renal cancer: a narrative review. Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico 2024. link 36 Perini MV, Ischia J, Woon D, Bhaskar J, Starkey G, Qi S et al.. A novel two-stage approach to the treatment of renal cell carcinoma with intra-cardiac tumour extension and Budd-Chiari syndrome. BJU international 2024. link 37 Liu R, Wang Q, Zhang X. Identification of prognostic coagulation-related signatures in clear cell renal cell carcinoma through integrated multi-omics analysis and machine learning. Computers in biology and medicine 2024. link 38 Barashi NS, Friedman D, Shiang A, Pickersgill N, Vetter J, Suresh T et al.. Growth kinetics of venous tumor thrombus in patients with renal cell carcinoma. Urologic oncology 2024. link 39 Lewis KC, Werneburg GT, Dewitt-Foy ME, Lundy SD, Eltemamy M, Murthy PB et al.. Surgical Management and Oncologic Outcomes of Renal Cell Carcinoma and Inferior Vena Caval Thrombi With Aggressive Histologic Variants. Urology 2024. link 40 Szabari MV, Ni C, Davila D, Viragh K. Pulmonary Arterial Tumor Embolism From Recurrent Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma on FDG PET/CT. Clinical nuclear medicine 2024. link 41 Zhao J, Ding X, Peng C, Tian X, Wang M, Fu Y et al.. Assessment of Ki-67 proliferation index in prognosis prediction in patients with nonmetastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma and tumor thrombus. Urologic oncology 2024. link 42 Wu Z, Chen H, Chen Q, Ge S, Yu N, Campi R et al.. Prognostic Significance of Grade Discrepancy Between Primary Tumor and Venous Thrombus in Nonmetastatic Clear-cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Analysis of the REMEMBER Registry and Implications for Adjuvant Therapy. European urology oncology 2024. link 43 Méndez-Vidal MJ, Lázaro Quintela M, Lainez-Milagro N, Perez-Valderrama B, Suárez Rodriguez C, Arranz Arija JÁ et al.. SEOM SOGUG clinical guideline for treatment of kidney cancer (2022). Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico 2023. link 44 Capitanio U, Bedke J, Albiges L, Volpe A, Giles RH, Hora M et al.. A Renewal of the TNM Staging System for Patients with Renal Cancer To Comply with Current Decision-making: Proposal from the European Association of Urology Guidelines Panel. European urology 2023. link 45 Hora M, Albiges L, Bedke J, Campi R, Capitanio U, Giles RH et al.. European Association of Urology Guidelines Panel on Renal Cell Carcinoma Update on the New World Health Organization Classification of Kidney Tumours 2022: The Urologist's Point of View. European urology 2023. link 46 Matsumoto J, Iwata N, Watari S, Ushio S, Shiromizu S, Takeda T et al.. Adverse Events of Axitinib plus Pembrolizumab Versus Lenvatinib plus Pembrolizumab: A Pharmacovigilance Study in Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System. European urology focus 2023. link 47 Zhang JH, Zeinab MA, Ferguson EL, Beksac AT, Schwen ZR, Aminsharifi A et al.. Minimally-Invasive Radical Nephrectomy and Left-Sided Level II Caval Thrombectomy: A New Combined Technique. Urology 2023. link 48 Baboudjian M, Gondran-Tellier B, Khene Z, Bigot P, Mejean A, Lang H et al.. Predictive factors of recurrence after surgery in patients with non-metastatic renal cell carcinoma with venous tumor thrombus (UroCCR-56 Study). World journal of urology 2023. link 49 Zapała Ł, Kunc M, Sharma S, Pęksa R, Popęda M, Biernat W et al.. Immune checkpoint receptor VISTA on immune cells is associated with expression of T-cell exhaustion marker TOX and worse prognosis in renal cell carcinoma with venous tumor thrombus. Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 2023. link 50 Shayeb AM, McManus HD, Urman D, Jani C, Zhang T, Dizman N et al.. Cabozantinib Safety With Different Anticoagulants in Patients With Renal Cell Carcinoma. Clinical genitourinary cancer 2023. link 51 Jonasch E, Song Y, Freimark J, Berman R, Nguyen H, Signorovitch J et al.. Epidemiology and Economic Burden of von Hippel-Lindau Disease-Associated Renal Cell Carcinoma in the United States. Clinical genitourinary cancer 2023. link 52 Motzer RJ, Jonasch E, Agarwal N, Alva A, Baine M, Beckermann K et al.. Kidney Cancer, Version 3.2022, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN 2022. link 53 Rathmell WK, Rumble RB, Van Veldhuizen PJ, Al-Ahmadie H, Emamekhoo H, Hauke RJ et al.. Management of Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: ASCO Guideline. Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology 2022. link 54 Ljungberg B, Albiges L, Abu-Ghanem Y, Bedke J, Capitanio U, Dabestani S et al.. European Association of Urology Guidelines on Renal Cell Carcinoma: The 2022 Update. European urology 2022. link 55 . The Live Bacterial Product CBM588 Improves CPI Response in mRCC. Cancer discovery 2022. link 56 Rosiello G, Larcher A, Fallara G, Giancristofaro C, Martini A, Re C et al.. Head-to-head comparison of all the prognostic models recommended by the European Association of Urology Guidelines to predict oncologic outcomes in patients with renal cell carcinoma. Urologic oncology 2022. link 57 Culpan M, Atis G, Sanli O, Bozkurt Y, Atmaca AF, Semerci B et al.. Comparison of Tumor Enucleation and Standard Partial Nephrectomy According to Trifecta Outcomes: A Multicenter Study by the Turkish Academy of Urology, Uro-Oncology Working Group. Journal of investigative surgery : the official journal of the Academy of Surgical Research 2022. link 58 Bedke J, Albiges L, Capitanio U, Giles RH, Hora M, Lam TB et al.. 2021 Updated European Association of Urology Guidelines on the Use of Adjuvant Pembrolizumab for Renal Cell Carcinoma. European urology 2022. link 59 Chen TY, Hung CL, Lin CJ, Yeh HI, Liu YY. Fluctuating Cutaneous Varices as a Diagnostic Clue for a Huge Right Atrial Mass in a Dialysis Patient. The Journal of invasive cardiology 2022. link 60 Shu Y, Ding Y, Dai B, Zhang Q. A real-world pharmacovigilance study of axitinib: data mining of the public version of FDA adverse event reporting system. Expert opinion on drug safety 2022. link 61 Martini DJ, Evans ST, Liu Y, Shabto JM, Uner OE, Olsen TA et al.. Analysis of Toxicity and Clinical Outcomes in Full Versus Reduced Starting Dose Cabozantinib in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients. Clinical genitourinary cancer 2022. link 62 Tesolin D, Alaref A, Ibrahim MFK. A case of splenic artery aneurysm and rupture in a patient on a vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor for renal cell carcinoma. Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) 2022. link 63 Yano D, Yokoyama Y, Tokuda Y, Kato M, Mashiko Y, Kuwabara F et al.. Multidisciplinary surgical approach for renal cell carcinoma with inferior vena cava tumor thrombus. Surgery today 2022. link 64 Ralla B, Adams L, Maxeiner A, Mang J, Krimphove M, Dushe S et al.. Perioperative and oncologic outcome in patients treated for renal cell carcinoma with an extended inferior vena cava tumour thrombus level II-IV. Aktuelle Urologie 2022. link 65 Wang J, Zhang L, Qiu J, Li Z, Wu Y, Zhang C et al.. Natural history of Von Hippel-Lindau disease-associated and sporadic clear cell renal cell carcinoma: a comparative study. Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 2022. link 66 Vamour N, Gasmi A, Leroy X, Puech P, Koussa M, Villers A et al.. Impact of positive vascular margins status after surgical resection of non-metastatic renal cell carcinoma with caval tumour thrombus: a propensity score multicentre study. World journal of urology 2022. link 67 Ji Y, Bottecchia C, Lévesque F, Narsimhan K, Lehnherr D, McMullen JP et al.. Benzylic Photobromination for the Synthesis of Belzutifan: Elucidation of Reaction Mechanisms Using In Situ LED-NMR. The Journal of organic chemistry 2022. link 68 Yusof MR, Fahmey O, Lee C, Azli MS, Arunasalam AP, Khairul-Asri MG. Renal cell carcinoma with duplication of inferior vena cava. Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England 2022. link 69 Hamdan R, Petit V, Zanetta S, Eicher JC, Mourot M. Scapular renal cell carcinoma metastasis as a cause of high-output heart failure: a case report. BMC cardiovascular disorders 2022. link 70 Trpkov K, Hes O, Williamson SR, Adeniran AJ, Agaimy A, Alaghehbandan R et al.. New developments in existing WHO entities and evolving molecular concepts: The Genitourinary Pathology Society (GUPS) update on renal neoplasia. Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc 2021. link 71 Ingrosso G, Becherini C, Francolini G, Lancia A, Alì E, Caini S et al.. Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in combination with drugs in metastatic kidney cancer: A systematic review. Critical reviews in oncology/hematology 2021. link 72 Bedke J, Albiges L, Capitanio U, Giles RH, Hora M, Lam TB et al.. Updated European Association of Urology Guidelines on Renal Cell Carcinoma: Nivolumab plus Cabozantinib Joins Immune Checkpoint Inhibition Combination Therapies for Treatment-naïve Metastatic Clear-Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. European urology 2021. link 73 Su X, Hou NN, Yang LJ, Li PX, Yang XJ, Hou GD et al.. The first competing risk survival nomogram in patients with papillary renal cell carcinoma. Scientific reports 2021. link 74 Bedke J, Albiges L, Capitanio U, Giles RH, Hora M, Lam TB et al.. The 2021 Updated European Association of Urology Guidelines on Renal Cell Carcinoma: Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-based Combination Therapies for Treatment-naive Metastatic Clear-cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Are Standard of Care. European urology 2021. link 75 Poon DM, Chan CK, Chan K, Chu WH, Kwong PW, Lam W et al.. Consensus statements on the management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma from the Hong Kong Urological Association and the Hong Kong Society of Uro-Oncology 2019. 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Minerva urology and nephrology 2021. link 80 Hu SL. The Nephrologist's Management of Renal Cell Carcinoma After Kidney Surgery. Seminars in nephrology 2020. link 81 Song XD, Tian YN, Li H, Liu B, Zhang AL, Hong Y. Research progress on advanced renal cell carcinoma. The Journal of international medical research 2020. link 82 MacLennan GT, Cheng L. Five decades of urologic pathology: the accelerating expansion of knowledge in renal cell neoplasia. Human pathology 2020. link 83 Aeppli S, Eboulet EI, Eisen T, Escudier B, Fischer S, Larkin J et al.. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on treatment patterns in metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma. ESMO open 2020. link 84 Tomasian A, Madaelil TP, Wallace AN, Wiesner E, Jennings JW. Percutaneous thermal ablation alone or in combination with cementoplasty for renal cell carcinoma osseous metastases: Pain palliation and local tumour control. 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Original source

[1]
Outcomes of anticoagulation treatment for renal cell carcinoma tumor thrombi: a systematic review. — Akerboom B, Martens ESL, Kaptein FHJ, Kondo T, van der Hulle T, van Gennep EJ et al. Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH (2026)
[2]
A Simplified Prediction Tool for Metastasis After Nephrectomy With Venous Tumor Thrombectomy for RCC. — Roberson DS, Basourakos SP, Cheville JC, Lopez CAR, Singla N, Shapiro DD et al. Urology (2026)
[3]
Impact of perirenal collateral on the surgical management and prognosis of nonmetastatic renal cell carcinoma and inferior vena cava tumor thrombus. — Zhao J, Peng C, Liu K, Wen X, Wang M, Bai X et al. Abdominal radiology (New York) (2026)
[4]
Value of Myocardial Strain in Assessing Cardiac Masses: A Case Report. — West J, Hamzeh I, You J, Koutroumpakis E, Iliescu C, Ynalvez L et al. Methodist DeBakey cardiovascular journal (2026)
[5]
Unclassified Renal Cell Carcinoma with Reverse Polarity and Pathogenic — Sugawara E, Inamura K, Akiya M, Dobashi A, Oguchi T, Yonese J et al. International journal of surgical pathology (2026)
[6]
Survival outcomes after surgical treatment for non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma with tumor thrombus extension: a population-based cohort study. — Cheaib JG, Rivera López CA, Cronin C, Alshak MN, El-Achkar A, Patel SH et al. World journal of urology (2026)
[7]
Segmental Resection of the Inferior Vena Cava is Safe and Feasible for Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma with Tumor Thrombus: A Large-Scale Retrospective Study from a High-Volume Center. — Yu L, Zhang W, Duan P, Zhang F, Deng S, Yan Y et al. Annals of surgical oncology (2026)
[8]
Renal cell carcinoma masquerading as acute exacerbation of right-sided heart failure: a case report. — Ong CV, Novotny KV, Dicaro MV, Samlowski W, Singh A Journal of medical case reports (2026)
[9]
European Association of Urology Guidelines on Renal Cell Carcinoma: The 2025 Update. — Bex A, Ghanem YA, Albiges L, Bonn S, Campi R, Capitanio U et al. European urology (2025)
[10]
Hospital Volume as a Determinant of Outcomes After Partial Nephrectomy: A Systematic Review by the European Association of Urology Renal Cell Carcinoma Guidelines Panel. — Marconi L, Kuusk T, Hora M, Klatte T, Dabestani S, Capitanio U et al. European urology oncology (2025)
[11]
The Nephrologist's Perspective in Evaluation and Management of Localized Renal Masses: Core Curriculum 2025. — Tillquist K, Shringi S, Chang A, Hu SL American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation (2025)
[12]
A Practical Guide for the Management of Toxicities Associated with Belzutifan. — Li J, Ghatalia P European urology focus (2025)
[13]
Percutaneous Microwave Ablation of Small (<4 cm) Renal Masses Performed under Moderate Sedation. — Fisher G, Kaufman H, Wilcox A, Torralba E, Boldman E, Boyer B et al. Journal of vascular and interventional radiology : JVIR (2025)
[14]
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