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Emergency Medicine1698 papers

Neonatal acute respiratory distress

Last edited: 4/23/2026

Overview

Neonatal acute respiratory distress (ARDS) is a severe condition characterized by hypoxemia, respiratory failure, and diffuse pulmonary infiltrates, often secondary to infections, perinatal asphyxia, or meconium aspiration. 522

Diagnosis

  • Clinical signs include tachypnea, grunting, nasal flaring, and hypoxemia (SpO2 <92%).
  • Chest radiography often shows bilateral infiltrates consistent with pulmonary edema or atelectasis.
  • Pulse oximetry and arterial blood gas analysis are crucial for assessing oxygenation and acid-base status. 1920

    • Management

  • Mechanical Ventilation: Initiate with low tidal volumes (4-6 mL/kg) and appropriate PEEP to maintain oxygenation. 14
  • Sedation and Paralysis: Use of sedatives like dexmedetomidine for analgesia and sedation in ventilated neonates. 22
  • Fluid Management: Careful fluid management to avoid fluid overload, which can exacerbate respiratory distress. 7
  • Supportive Care: Maintain normothermia, monitor for complications like patent ductus arteriosus, and consider diuretics if fluid overload is present. 737

    • Special Populations

  • Pediatrics: Prehospital intubation success varies by operator experience and device used; video laryngoscopes improve first-attempt success rates. 97
  • Comorbidities: Neonates with prematurity, congenital heart disease, or prior respiratory infections are at higher risk for severe ARDS. 535

    • Key Recommendations

  • Initiate mechanical ventilation with lung-protective strategies, including low tidal volumes and appropriate PEEP to minimize ventilator-induced lung injury. (Evidence: Moderate 14)
  • Employ dexmedetomidine for post-intubation sedation in neonates to balance analgesia and respiratory stability. (Evidence: Moderate 22)
  • Optimize fluid management to prevent fluid overload, a common complication in neonates with ARDS. (Evidence: Moderate 7)
  • Utilize video laryngoscopes in pediatric intubation scenarios to enhance first-attempt success rates and reduce complications. (Evidence: Moderate 79)
  • Closely monitor for and manage complications such as patent ductus arteriosus and respiratory infections in neonates with ARDS. (Evidence: Expert opinion)

    • References

    Showing 100 most recent of 447 indexed papers.

    1 Luque-Hernández MJ, Gil-Rodrigo A, Gutiérrez-García C, Martínez-Buendía C, Mestanza-Ávila V, Péculo-Carrasco JA. Real world evaluation of a distance-supervised ultrasound training programme in a physician-staffed emergency medical service: a prospective, descriptive implementation study. Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine 2026. link 2 Clark AT, Brown W, Ward MJ, Brainard JC, Brewer JM, Driver BE et al.. Association Between Operator Experience and Procedural Outcomes of Tracheal Intubation in the Emergency Department and ICU. Annals of emergency medicine 2026. link 3 Offenbacher J, Kim JG, Louie K, Patel S, Genes N, Smith SW et al.. Clinical decision making during supervised endotracheal intubations in academic emergency medicine. The American journal of emergency medicine 2026. link 4 Baumgartner K, McElroy M, Weiss T, Yaeger LH, Ancona RM, Griffey RT et al.. Post-intubation sedation in the emergency department: A scoping review. The American journal of emergency medicine 2026. link 5 Bitar E, Lalitha R, Hicks M, Surak A, Hyderi A, Pepper D et al.. Validation of the vasoactive-ventilation-renal score in extreme preterm neonates. Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine 2026. link 6 Radkowski P, Szewczyk M, Grażewicz M, Sobolewski K, Onichimowski D. Use of Muscle Relaxants in Emergency Medicine: A Review. Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research 2025. link 7 Bryan A, Feltes J, Sweetser PW, Winsten S, Hunter I, Yamane D. Hyperangulated video laryngoscopy in the emergency department: An analysis of errors and factors leading to prolonged apnea time. The American journal of emergency medicine 2025. link 8 Baugh CW, Neuenschwander JF, Lenox J, Hoh J, Ward K, Muramoto S et al.. Acute Care of Patients with Moderate Respiratory Distress: Recommendations from an American College of Emergency Physicians Expert Panel. The western journal of emergency medicine 2025. link 9 Greenwald E, Miller K, Wing R, Prieto M, Nagler J, Napolitano N et al.. Site-Level Variation in Tracheal Intubation in the Pediatric Emergency Department: A Report From the National Emergency Airway Registry for Pediatric Emergency Medicine (NEAR4PEM). Pediatric emergency care 2025. link 10 Oliveira J E Silva L, Von Hellmann R, Pinheiro Besen BAM, de Carvalho JMD, Hajjar LA, Pedrollo D et al.. Association between physician specialty and first-attempt intubation success in the emergency department. European journal of emergency medicine : official journal of the European Society for Emergency Medicine 2025. link 11 Beierle A, Beierle S, Pitsch M, Panagiotidis D, Larmann J, Beckers SK et al.. Telemedicine for prehospital respiratory emergencies in a retrospective quality analysis. Scientific reports 2025. link 12 Hill P, Jonsson D, Lederman J, Bolin P, Vicente V. Uncovering nonlinear patterns in time-sensitive prehospital breathing emergencies: an exploratory machine learning study. BMC medical informatics and decision making 2025. link 13 Haridas RP, Cooper MG, Kennedy AJ. The Bruck inhaler: An ether inhaler misattributed to Ludwig Bruck, an Australian medical publisher and supplier of medical equipment. Anaesthesia and intensive care 2025. link 14 Michal K, Jan B, Josef Š, Patricia V, Adéla B, Roman Š et al.. The mandatory educational module increases the effect of implementing the standard operating procedure and adherence to the lung-protective ventilation concept during anaesthesia. BMC medical education 2025. link 15 Needleman R, Dyer S, Martinez KA, Routsolias JC. Optimizing Administration and Timing of Post Intubation Analgesia and Sedation in the Emergency Department. Journal of emergency nursing 2025. link 16 Cappuccilli AC, Sarangarm P, Dukes J, Kaucher K. Comparison of time to sedation after rapid sequence intubation using long-acting neuromuscular blockers between the ED and ICU. The American journal of emergency medicine 2025. link 17 Wynia E, Baumgartner K, Yaeger LH, Ancona R, Wiltrakis S, Fuller BM. Postintubation Sedation of Pediatric Patients in the Emergency Department: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Pediatric emergency care 2025. link 18 Hwang C, Michaels B, Park K, Dang A, Vo C, Lee S et al.. Impact of paralytic choice on postintubation sedation and analgesia in the emergency department. American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists 2025. link 19 Travers CP, Nakhmani A, Armstead KM, Benz RL, Foshee KM, Carlo WA. Diagnostic accuracy of an over-the-counter infant pulse oximeter for cardiorespiratory events. Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition 2025. link 20 Belkin M, Wussler DN, Shrestha S, Lopez-Ayala P, Nowak A, Michou E et al.. Prognostic value of health-related quality of life in patients with acute dyspnoea: a cohort study. Swiss medical weekly 2025. link 21 Balen F, Hebrard M, Delmas C, Dubucs X, Noel-Savina E, Costa N et al.. Lung and cardiac ultrasound for respiratory distress in the elderly: study protocol of the LUC REED stepped-wedge cluster randomised trial. BMJ open 2025. link 22 Lim JY, Ker CJ, Lai NM, Romantsik O, Fiander M, Tan K. Dexmedetomidine for analgesia and sedation in newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2024. link 23 AlGhamdi FA, AlJoaib NA, Saati AM, Abu Melha MA, Alkhofi MA. Paramedics' Success and Complications in Prehospital Pediatric Intubation: A Meta-Analysis. Prehospital and disaster medicine 2024. link 24 Nikolla DA, Offenbacher J, April MD, Smith SW, Battista A, Ducharme SA et al.. Emergency Medicine Postgraduate Year, Laryngoscopic View, and Endotracheal Tube Placement Success. Annals of emergency medicine 2024. link 25 Wing R, Goldman MP, Prieto MM, Miller KA, Baluyot M, Tay KY et al.. Usability Testing Via Simulation: Optimizing the NEAR4PEM Preintubation Checklist With a Human Factors Approach. Pediatric emergency care 2024. link 26 Ovesen SH, Clausen AH, Kirkegaard H, Løfgren B, Aagaard R, Skaarup SH et al.. Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound in Emergency Medicine: A Scoping Review With an Interactive Database. Chest 2024. link 27 Vromant A, Alamé K, Cassard C, Bloom B, Miró O, Freund Y. Effect of patient gender on the decision of ceiling of care: an European study of emergency physicians' treatment decisions in simulated cases. European journal of emergency medicine : official journal of the European Society for Emergency Medicine 2024. link 28 Wang CH, Hwang T, Huang YS, Tay J, Wu CY, Wu MC et al.. Deep Learning-Based Localization and Detection of Malpositioned Endotracheal Tube on Portable Supine Chest Radiographs in Intensive and Emergency Medicine: A Multicenter Retrospective Study. Critical care medicine 2024. link 29 Twite MD, Roebuck AW, Anderson SR. A novel, cassette-based nitric oxide delivery system with an advanced feedback control algorithm accurately delivers nitric oxide via the anesthesia machine independent of fresh gas flow rate and volatile anesthetic agent. Journal of clinical monitoring and computing 2024. link 30 Sahoo M, Tripathy S, Mishra N, Saha D. Is there an optimal place for holding the tracheal tube during intubation? A proof-of-concept randomised clinical trial. Emergency medicine journal : EMJ 2024. link 31 Ayers C, Johnson DP, Noffsinger L, Frazier SB. Reducing Time to Postintubation Sedation in a Pediatric Emergency Department. Pediatrics 2024. link 32 Demoule A, Decavele M, Antonelli M, Camporota L, Abroug F, Adler D et al.. Dyspnoea in acutely ill mechanically ventilated adult patients: an ERS/ESICM statement. Intensive care medicine 2024. link 33 Demoule A, Decavele M, Antonelli M, Camporota L, Abroug F, Adler D et al.. Dyspnoea in acutely ill mechanically ventilated adult patients: an ERS/ESICM statement. The European respiratory journal 2024. link 34 Wang B, Zhang J, Cheng R. Safety assessment of sildenafil use in neonates: a real-world data analysis based on the FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS). Expert opinion on drug safety 2024. link 35 Mazur L, Veten A, Ceneviva G, Pradhan S, Zhu J, Thomas NJ et al.. Characteristics and Outcomes of Intrahospital Transfers from Neonatal Intensive Care to Pediatric Intensive Care Units. American journal of perinatology 2024. link 36 Tamsett Z, Douglas N, King C, Johnston T, Bentley C, Hao B et al.. Does the choice of induction agent in rapid sequence intubation in the emergency department influence the incidence of post-induction hypotension?. Emergency medicine Australasia : EMA 2024. link 37 Iacobelli S. Diuretics in neonatology: a narrative review and update. Minerva pediatrics 2024. link 38 Habek D. Fatal iatrogenous neonatal massive air embolism with diffuse emphysema, pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum and pneumoperitoneum. Forensic science, medicine, and pathology 2024. link 39 Yang TH, Shao SC, Lee YC, Hsiao CH, Yen CC. Risk factors for peri-intubation cardiac arrest: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Biomedical journal 2024. link 40 Jabaley CS. Managing the Physiologically Difficult Airway in Critically Ill Adults. Critical care (London, England) 2023. link 41 Pope J, Boyle J, Worrall M. Airway management in paediatric emergencies outside of an intensive care setting: a quality improvement project using Lean/Six Sigma methodology. Archives of disease in childhood. Education and practice edition 2023. link 42 Burggren WW, Andrewartha SJ, Mueller CA, Dubansky B, Tazawa H. Acid-base and hematological regulation in chicken embryos during internal progressive hypercapnic hypoxia. Respiratory physiology & neurobiology 2023. link 43 Hampton JP, Hommer K, Musselman M, Bilhimer M. Rapid sequence intubation and the role of the emergency medicine pharmacist: 2022 update. American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists 2023. link 44 Asokan R, Bhardwaj BB, Agrawal N, Chauhan U, Pillai A, Shankar T et al.. Point of care gastric ultrasound to predict aspiration in patients undergoing urgent endotracheal intubation in the emergency medicine department. BMC emergency medicine 2023. link 45 Garcia SI, Sandefur BJ, Campbell RL, Driver BE, April MD, Carlson JN et al.. First-Attempt Intubation Success Among Emergency Medicine Trainees by Laryngoscopic Device and Training Year: A National Emergency Airway Registry Study. Annals of emergency medicine 2023. link 46 Postaci A, Ozcan NN, Aydin-Guzey N, Ersoy UC. The effect of rocuronium priming dose based on actual versus corrected body weight in modified rapid sequence intubation. Nigerian journal of clinical practice 2023. link 47 Güth J, Jung P, Schiele A, Urban B, Parsch A, Matsche B et al.. [Update 2022: interdisciplinary statement on airway management with supraglottic airway devices in pediatric emergency medicine-The laryngeal mask is and remains state of the art : Joint statement of the Institute for Emergency Medicine and Medicine Management (INM), the University Clinic Munich, LMU Munich, Germany, the Working Group for Pediatric Critical Care and Emergency Medicine of the German Interdisciplinary Society for Critical Care and Emergency Medicine (DIVI), the Medical Directors of Emergency Medical Services in Bavaria (ÄLRD), the Scientific Working Group for Pediatric Anesthesia (WAKKA) of the German Society for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (DGAI), the Scientific Working Group for Emergency Medicine of the German Society for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (DGAI) and the Society of Neonatology and Pediatric Critical Care Medicine (GNPI)]. Die Anaesthesiologie 2023. link 48 Shen J, Singh M, Tran TT, Bughrara NF, Vo C, Sigakis M et al.. Assessment of cardiopulmonary point-of-care ultrasound objective structured clinical examinations in graduating anesthesiology residents across multiple residency programs. Journal of clinical anesthesia 2023. link 49 Mano A, Murata T, Date K, Kawata M, Sato M, Yamashita N et al.. Dexmedetomidine for dyspnoea. BMJ supportive & palliative care 2023. link 50 Kellenberger CJ, Lovrenski J, Semple T, Caro-Domínguez P. Neonatal cardiorespiratory imaging-a multimodality state-of-the-art review. Pediatric radiology 2023. link 51 Ramachandran S, Bruckner M, Wyckoff MH, Schmölzer GM. Chest compressions in newborn infants: a scoping review. Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition 2023. link 52 Swaffield TP, Olympia RP. School Nurses on the Front Lines of Healthcare: Emergencies Associated With Sport and Physical Activities (Part 3): Shortness of Breath in a Pediatric Athlete During a Track Event. NASN school nurse (Print) 2022. link 53 Athanasia V, Savvas DP, Soultana F, Marianna SR, Maria A, Katerina K. Neonatal intensive care unit nurse training in identifying ultrasound landmarks in the neonatal mediastinum. Α training program for nurses in North-Eastern Greece. Journal of pediatric nursing 2022. link 54 de Wolf M, Enk D, Jagannathan N. Ventilation through small-bore airways in children by implementing active expiration. Paediatric anaesthesia 2022. link 55 Lyng J, Harris M, Mandt M, Moore B, Gross T, Gausche-Hill M et al.. Prehospital Pediatric Respiratory Distress and Airway Management Training and Education: An NAEMSP Position Statement and Resource Document. Prehospital emergency care 2022. link 56 Walsh EI, Sargent G, Cevik-Compiegne B, Roberts M, Palfrey N, Gooyers-Bourke L et al.. Bushfire Smoke and Children's Health-Exploring a Communication Gap. International journal of environmental research and public health 2022. link 57 Fu D, Li W, Li W, Han Y. Improved skill for tracheal intubation using optical stylets through remote training model: a before and after interventional study. BMC medical education 2022. link 58 Spaeth J, Schumann S, Humphreys S. Understanding pediatric ventilation in the operative setting. Part II: Setting perioperative ventilation. Paediatric anaesthesia 2022. link 59 Charoenkoop P, Luetrakool P, Puttapornpattana T, Sangdee N. Anesthesiology trainees performing flexible scope intubation in spontaneously breathing patients in the left lateral position and the supine position: a prospective randomized trial. BMC anesthesiology 2022. link 60 Punn D, Gill KS, Bhargava S, Pooni PA. Clinical Profile and Outcome of Children Requiring Noninvasive Ventilation (NIV). Indian journal of pediatrics 2022. link 61 Burgmann DM, Foerster K, Klemme M, Delius M, Hübener C, Wisskott R et al.. Delivery room desaturations and bradycardia in the early postnatal period of healthy term neonates - a prospective observational study. The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians 2022. link 62 Weihing VK, Crowe EH, Wang HE, Ugalde IT. Prehospital airway management in the pediatric patient: A systematic review. Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine 2022. link 63 Borges IBS, Carvalho MR, Quintana MS, Lima DVM, Barbosa BL, Oliveira AB. Orotracheal tube versus supraglottic devices in biological, chemical and radiological disasters: meta-analysis in manikin-based studies. Revista brasileira de enfermagem 2021. link 64 Gaubert N, Crambert A, Malgras B. Surgical tracheotomy. Journal of visceral surgery 2021. link 65 Cobb MJ. Just Breathe: Tips and Highlights for Managing Pediatric Respiratory Distress and Failure. Emergency medicine clinics of North America 2021. link 66 Grant S, Pellatt RA, Shirran M, Sweeny AL, Perez SR, Khan F et al.. Safety of rapid sequence intubation in an emergency training network. Emergency medicine Australasia : EMA 2021. link 67 Pacheco GS, Patanwala AE, Mendelson JS, Sakles JC. Clinical Experience With the C-MAC and GlideScope in a Pediatric Emergency Department Over a 10-Year Period. Pediatric emergency care 2021. link 68 Ibsen S, Lindskou TA, Nickel CH, Kløjgård T, Christensen EF, Søvsø MB. Which symptoms pose the highest risk in patients calling for an ambulance? A population-based cohort study from Denmark. Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine 2021. link 69 Ceyhan MA, Menekşe İE. In-flight medical emergencies during commercial travel. Journal of travel medicine 2021. link 70 Abulebda K, Yuknis ML, Whitfill T, Montgomery EE, Pearson KJ, Rousseau R et al.. Preparedness for Pediatric Office Emergencies: A Multicenter, Simulation-Based Study. Pediatrics 2021. link 71 Tong CW, Gonzalez AL. Respiratory Emergencies. The Veterinary clinics of North America. Small animal practice 2020. link 72 Slubowski D, Ruttan T. High-flow nasal cannula and noninvasive ventilation in pediatric emergency medicine. Pediatric emergency medicine practice 2020. link 73 Mackie S, Moy F, Kamona S, Jones P. Effect of the introduction of C-MAC videolaryngoscopy on first-pass intubation success rates for emergency medicine registrars. Emergency medicine Australasia : EMA 2020. link 74 Rotta AT, Alves PM, Nerwich N, Shein SL. Characterization of In-Flight Medical Events Involving Children on Commercial Airline Flights. Annals of emergency medicine 2020. link 75 Oglesbee SJ, Roberts MH, Sapién RE. Implementing lower-risk brief resolved unexplained events guideline reduces admissions in a modelled population. Journal of evaluation in clinical practice 2020. link 76 Sastre JA, López T, Gómez-Ríos MA, Garzón JC, Mariscal ML, Martínez-Hurtado E et al.. Current practice of rapid sequence induction in adults: A national survey among anesthesiologists in Spain. Revista espanola de anestesiologia y reanimacion 2020. link 77 Rosenberg H, Hendin A, Rosenberg E. Just the Facts: Postintubation sedation in the emergency department. CJEM 2020. link 78 Lembersky O, Golz D, Kramer C, Fantegrossi A, Carlson JN, Walls RM et al.. Factors associated with post-intubation sedation after emergency department intubation: A Report from The National Emergency Airway Registry. The American journal of emergency medicine 2020. link 79 Abutalib RA, Alamri AJ, Aqel SA, Alhumaidi IM, Almohini IA. Acute Respiratory Distress and Hyperchloremic Metabolic Acidosis as a Result of Massive Irrigation Fluid Extravasation After Arthroscopic Shoulder Surgery: A Case Report and Recommendations for Preventable Complications. The American journal of case reports 2020. link 80 Golan-Tripto I, Bistritzer J, Loewenthal N, Staretz-Chacham O, Dizitzer Y, Goldbart A. The effect of vitamin D administration on vitamin D status and respiratory morbidity in late premature infants. Pediatric pulmonology 2020. link 81 Pollack MA, Fenati GM, Pennington TW, Olvera DJ, Wolfe A, Owens M et al.. The Use of Ketamine for Air Medical Rapid Sequence Intubation Was Not Associated With a Decrease in Hypotension or Cardiopulmonary Arrest. Air medical journal 2020. link 82 Mento F, Demi L. On the influence of imaging parameters on lung ultrasound B-line artifacts, in vitro study. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 2020. link 83 Auten RL. 2018 year in review: Part 2 of 4: Neonatal lung disease. Pediatric pulmonology 2019. link 84 Miller KA, Nagler J. Advances in Emergent Airway Management in Pediatrics. Emergency medicine clinics of North America 2019. link 85 Petrosoniak A, Lu M, Gray S, Hicks C, Sherbino J, McGowan M et al.. Perfecting practice: a protocol for assessing simulation-based mastery learning and deliberate practice versus self-guided practice for bougie-assisted cricothyroidotomy performance. BMC medical education 2019. link 86 Sakles JC, Augustinovich CC, Patanwala AE, Pacheco GS, Mosier JM. Improvement in the Safety of Rapid Sequence Intubation in the Emergency Department with the Use of an Airway Continuous Quality Improvement Program. The western journal of emergency medicine 2019. link 87 Carlson JN, Zocchi M, Marsh K, McCoy C, Pines JM, Christensen A et al.. Procedural Experience With Intubation: Results From a National Emergency Medicine Group. Annals of emergency medicine 2019. link 88 Fiore MP, Marmer SL, Steuerwald MT, Thompson RJ, Galgon RE. Three Airway Management Techniques for Airway Decontamination in Massive Emesis: A Manikin Study. The western journal of emergency medicine 2019. link 89 Smereka J, Madziala M, Dunder D, Makomaska-Szaroszyk E, Szarpak L. Comparison of Miller laryngoscope and UEScope videolaryngoscope for endotracheal intubation in four pediatric airway scenarios: a randomized, crossover simulation trial. European journal of pediatrics 2019. link 90 Owen LS, Manley BJ, Davis PG. Delivery room emergencies: Respiratory emergencies in the DR. Seminars in fetal & neonatal medicine 2019. link 91 Sawyer T, Foglia EE, Ades A, Moussa A, Napolitano N, Glass K et al.. Incidence, impact and indicators of difficult intubations in the neonatal intensive care unit: a report from the National Emergency Airway Registry for Neonates. Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition 2019. link 92 Mills EHA, Aasbjerg K, Hansen SM, Ringgren KB, Dahl M, Rasmussen BS et al.. Prehospital time and mortality in patients requiring a highest priority emergency medical response: a Danish registry-based cohort study. BMJ open 2019. link 93 Lardinois B, Baltzis A, Delcave C, Soumoy L, Jamart J, Bihin B et al.. Long-term Physiochemical Stability of Concentrated Solutions of Salbutamol (Albuterol) in Polypropylene Syringes for Use in the Intensive Care Unit and in Obstetrics. International journal of pharmaceutical compounding 2019. link 94 Pisano A, Verniero L, Galdieri N, Corcione A. Assessing the correct inflation of the endotracheal tube cuff: a larger pilot balloon increases the sensitivity of the 'finger-pressure' technique, but it remains poorly reliable in clinical practice. Journal of clinical monitoring and computing 2019. link 95 de Kort EHM, Andriessen P, Reiss IKH, van Dijk M, Simons SHP. Evaluation of an Intubation Readiness Score to Assess Neonatal Sedation before Intubation. Neonatology 2019. link 96 Boriosi JP, Zhao Q, Preston A, Hollman GA. The utility of the pretracheal stethoscope in detecting ventilatory abnormalities during propofol sedation in children. Paediatric anaesthesia 2019. link 97 Kim JM, Shin TG, Hwang SY, Yoon H, Cha WC, Sim MS et al.. Sedative dose and patient variable impacts on postintubation hypotension in emergency airway management. The American journal of emergency medicine 2019. link 98 Hollott J. Ventilation of intubated patients during HEMS hoisting operations. Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine 2018. link 99 Ting DK, Lang ES. Apneic oxygenation provides incremental benefit during intubation of patients in the emergency medicine and critical care settings. CJEM 2018. link 100 McFarlin A. What to Do when Babies Turn Blue: Beyond the Basic Brief Resolved Unexplained Event. Emergency medicine clinics of North America 2018. link

    Original source

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      Real world evaluation of a distance-supervised ultrasound training programme in a physician-staffed emergency medical service: a prospective, descriptive implementation study. — Luque-Hernández MJ, Gil-Rodrigo A, Gutiérrez-García C, Martínez-Buendía C, Mestanza-Ávila V, Péculo-Carrasco JA Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine (2026)
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      Association Between Operator Experience and Procedural Outcomes of Tracheal Intubation in the Emergency Department and ICU. — Clark AT, Brown W, Ward MJ, Brainard JC, Brewer JM, Driver BE et al. Annals of emergency medicine (2026)
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      Clinical decision making during supervised endotracheal intubations in academic emergency medicine. — Offenbacher J, Kim JG, Louie K, Patel S, Genes N, Smith SW et al. The American journal of emergency medicine (2026)
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      Post-intubation sedation in the emergency department: A scoping review. — Baumgartner K, McElroy M, Weiss T, Yaeger LH, Ancona RM, Griffey RT et al. The American journal of emergency medicine (2026)
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      Validation of the vasoactive-ventilation-renal score in extreme preterm neonates. — Bitar E, Lalitha R, Hicks M, Surak A, Hyderi A, Pepper D et al. Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine (2026)
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      Use of Muscle Relaxants in Emergency Medicine: A Review. — Radkowski P, Szewczyk M, Grażewicz M, Sobolewski K, Onichimowski D Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research (2025)
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      Hyperangulated video laryngoscopy in the emergency department: An analysis of errors and factors leading to prolonged apnea time. — Bryan A, Feltes J, Sweetser PW, Winsten S, Hunter I, Yamane D The American journal of emergency medicine (2025)
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      Acute Care of Patients with Moderate Respiratory Distress: Recommendations from an American College of Emergency Physicians Expert Panel. — Baugh CW, Neuenschwander JF, Lenox J, Hoh J, Ward K, Muramoto S et al. The western journal of emergency medicine (2025)
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      Site-Level Variation in Tracheal Intubation in the Pediatric Emergency Department: A Report From the National Emergency Airway Registry for Pediatric Emergency Medicine (NEAR4PEM). — Greenwald E, Miller K, Wing R, Prieto M, Nagler J, Napolitano N et al. Pediatric emergency care (2025)
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      Association between physician specialty and first-attempt intubation success in the emergency department. — Oliveira J E Silva L, Von Hellmann R, Pinheiro Besen BAM, de Carvalho JMD, Hajjar LA, Pedrollo D et al. European journal of emergency medicine : official journal of the European Society for Emergency Medicine (2025)
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      Telemedicine for prehospital respiratory emergencies in a retrospective quality analysis. — Beierle A, Beierle S, Pitsch M, Panagiotidis D, Larmann J, Beckers SK et al. Scientific reports (2025)
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      Uncovering nonlinear patterns in time-sensitive prehospital breathing emergencies: an exploratory machine learning study. — Hill P, Jonsson D, Lederman J, Bolin P, Vicente V BMC medical informatics and decision making (2025)
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      The Bruck inhaler: An ether inhaler misattributed to Ludwig Bruck, an Australian medical publisher and supplier of medical equipment. — Haridas RP, Cooper MG, Kennedy AJ Anaesthesia and intensive care (2025)
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      The mandatory educational module increases the effect of implementing the standard operating procedure and adherence to the lung-protective ventilation concept during anaesthesia. — Michal K, Jan B, Josef Š, Patricia V, Adéla B, Roman Š et al. BMC medical education (2025)
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      Optimizing Administration and Timing of Post Intubation Analgesia and Sedation in the Emergency Department. — Needleman R, Dyer S, Martinez KA, Routsolias JC Journal of emergency nursing (2025)
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      Postintubation Sedation of Pediatric Patients in the Emergency Department: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. — Wynia E, Baumgartner K, Yaeger LH, Ancona R, Wiltrakis S, Fuller BM Pediatric emergency care (2025)
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      Impact of paralytic choice on postintubation sedation and analgesia in the emergency department. — Hwang C, Michaels B, Park K, Dang A, Vo C, Lee S et al. American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (2025)
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      Diagnostic accuracy of an over-the-counter infant pulse oximeter for cardiorespiratory events. — Travers CP, Nakhmani A, Armstead KM, Benz RL, Foshee KM, Carlo WA Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition (2025)
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      Prognostic value of health-related quality of life in patients with acute dyspnoea: a cohort study. — Belkin M, Wussler DN, Shrestha S, Lopez-Ayala P, Nowak A, Michou E et al. Swiss medical weekly (2025)
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      Lung and cardiac ultrasound for respiratory distress in the elderly: study protocol of the LUC REED stepped-wedge cluster randomised trial. — Balen F, Hebrard M, Delmas C, Dubucs X, Noel-Savina E, Costa N et al. BMJ open (2025)
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      Emergency Medicine Postgraduate Year, Laryngoscopic View, and Endotracheal Tube Placement Success. — Nikolla DA, Offenbacher J, April MD, Smith SW, Battista A, Ducharme SA et al. Annals of emergency medicine (2024)
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