Overview
Biocorrosion of tooth, also known as dental caries, involves the demineralization of tooth enamel and dentin by acid produced from bacterial fermentation of dietary carbohydrates 1. This process leads to structural damage and potential complications if left untreated.Diagnosis
Clinical examination for visible cavities and assessment of tooth sensitivity 1.
Radiographic imaging (e.g., bitewing or panoramic X-rays) to detect early lesions and extent of decay 1.
Caries risk assessment tools and microbiological tests to identify cariogenic bacteria (e.g., Streptococcus mutans) 1.Management
First-line treatments:
- Restorative procedures (e.g., fillings) for cavitated lesions 1.
- Fluoride therapy (topical or systemic) to enhance remineralization 1.
Adjunctive treatments:
- Sealants for pits and fissures to prevent new caries formation 1.
- Antibacterial agents (e.g., chlorhexidine) for high-risk patients 1.Special Populations
Pregnancy: Fluoride varnishes are recommended for caries prevention without significant risks 1.
Pediatrics: Early intervention with fluoride treatments and sealants is crucial 1.
Elderly: Increased focus on root caries prevention through fluoride use and regular dental check-ups 1.
Comorbidities: Patients with xerostomia (dry mouth) require additional preventive measures like frequent sips of water and saliva stimulants 1.Key Recommendations
Utilize clinical examination and radiographic imaging for comprehensive diagnosis of dental caries 1. (Evidence: Strong)
Implement fluoride therapy as a first-line adjunctive treatment to enhance enamel remineralization 1. (Evidence: Strong)
Apply dental sealants in high-risk areas, particularly in pediatric patients, to prevent new caries formation 1. (Evidence: Moderate)
Tailor preventive strategies for special populations, including increased fluoride use in the elderly and pregnant women 1. (Evidence: Expert opinion)References
1 Robb JA, Bry L, Sluss PM, Wagar EA, Kennedy MF. A Call to Standardize Preanalytic Data Elements for Biospecimens, Part II. Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine 2015. link
2 Schou C, Heegaard NH. Recent applications of affinity interactions in capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2006. link