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Otolaryngology (ENT)20 papers

Leukoplakia of vocal cords

Last edited: 4/16/2026

Overview

Leukoplakia of the vocal cords is a precancerous condition characterized by white patches that cannot be scraped off and cannot be attributed to any other known cause 1.

Diagnosis

  • Key Diagnostic Criteria: White lesions on vocal cords visible under laryngoscopy 1.
  • Recommended Tests: White light imaging (WLI) and narrow-band imaging (NBI) for enhanced visualization 1.
  • Grading: Utilization of NBI classification system to differentiate benign from potentially malignant lesions 1.
  • Management

  • First-Line Treatment: No specific pharmacological treatment; management focuses on monitoring and behavioral modifications (e.g., smoking cessation) 1.
  • Adjunctive Measures: Regular follow-up with laryngoscopy to monitor lesion changes 1.
  • Training Impact: NBI training improves diagnostic accuracy and interobserver agreement among laryngologists, regardless of experience level 1.
  • Special Populations

  • Experienced vs Less-Experienced Laryngologists: NBI training equally benefits both groups in improving diagnostic accuracy 1.
  • Key Recommendations

  • Implement narrow-band imaging (NBI) training for laryngologists to enhance diagnostic accuracy and interobserver agreement in vocal cord leukoplakia 1 (Evidence: Moderate).
  • Utilize NBI classification alongside traditional WLI for a more precise differentiation between benign and potentially malignant vocal cord lesions 1 (Evidence: Moderate).
  • Regularly monitor patients with vocal cord leukoplakia through periodic laryngoscopic examinations to detect any malignant transformation 1 (Evidence: Expert opinion).
  • References

    1 Ni XG, Wang GQ, Hu FY, Xu XM, Xu L, Liu XQ et al.. Clinical utility and effectiveness of a training programme in the application of a new classification of narrow-band imaging for vocal cord leukoplakia: A multicentre study. Clinical otolaryngology : official journal of ENT-UK ; official journal of Netherlands Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology & Cervico-Facial Surgery 2019. link

    Original source

    1. [1]
      Clinical utility and effectiveness of a training programme in the application of a new classification of narrow-band imaging for vocal cord leukoplakia: A multicentre study.Ni XG, Wang GQ, Hu FY, Xu XM, Xu L, Liu XQ et al. Clinical otolaryngology : official journal of ENT-UK ; official journal of Netherlands Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology & Cervico-Facial Surgery (2019)

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