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Dentistry422 papers

Gingival disease caused by oral contraceptive use

Last edited: 4/23/2026

Overview

Gingival disease associated with oral contraceptive use refers to inflammatory changes in the gingiva, often manifesting as gingivitis, potentially exacerbated by hormonal fluctuations affecting vascular permeability and immune response 8 25.

Diagnosis

Clinical signs include gingival redness, swelling, bleeding on probing, and increased interdental papillae 8.

No specific diagnostic tests; diagnosis primarily based on clinical examination 8.

Management

Maintain good oral hygiene: Regular brushing, flossing, and professional dental cleanings 8.

Monitor and manage inflammation: Use of topical or systemic anti-inflammatory agents as needed, though specific drug recommendations are not detailed in the abstracts 8.

Consider hormonal counseling: Discuss alternative contraceptive methods with patients experiencing significant gingival issues 8.

Special Populations

Pregnancy: No specific guidance provided in the abstracts regarding gingival disease management during pregnancy related to oral contraceptives 8.

Pediatrics: Not applicable as oral contraceptives are not prescribed to minors 8.

Elderly: No distinct considerations mentioned for elderly patients beyond general oral hygiene practices 8.

Comorbidities: No specific recommendations for patients with comorbidities related to gingival disease and oral contraceptives 8.

Key Recommendations

Enhance oral hygiene practices to mitigate gingival inflammation (Evidence: Moderate 8).

Regular dental evaluations are crucial for early detection and management of gingival changes (Evidence: Moderate 8).

Consider patient-specific contraceptive options under clinical guidance to address gingival symptoms (Evidence: Expert opinion 8).

References

Showing 100 most recent of 182 indexed papers.

1 Schlegel PN, Clark JY, Coward RM, Hirshberg SJ, Honig S, Hsiao W et al.. Vasectomy: AUA Guideline (2026) Part I. The Journal of urology 2026. link 2 . ACOG Committee Statement No. 21: Access to Contraception. Obstetrics and gynecology 2025. link 3 Larkin S, Bullington BW, Berg KA, White K, Boozer M, Serna T et al.. Obstetrician-Gynecologist Perspectives and Counseling Practices on the U.S. Medicaid Waiting Period for Permanent Contraception. Women's health issues : official publication of the Jacobs Institute of Women's Health 2025. link 4 Bell T, Matteson KA, Raker CA, Allen RH. Intrauterine Device Insertion Practices Among Obstetrician-Gynecologists in Rhode Island. Rhode Island medical journal (2013) 2025. link 5 Koch MR, Rimal P, Echeverria G, Robrahn M, Sridhar A. The world of contraception: A global mapping project across FIGO member societies. International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics 2025. link 6 Thornton M, Bullington BW, Berg KA, White K, Larkin S, Boozer M et al.. Patient and obstetrician-gynecologist perspectives on considering long-acting reversible contraception for postpartum patients who desire permanent contraception. Contraception 2025. link 7 Frisendahl C, Kallner HK, Gemzell-Danielsson K. The clinical relevance of having more than one estrogen in combined hormonal contraception to address the needs of women. Best practice & research. Clinical obstetrics & gynaecology 2025. link 8 Douxfils J, Morimont L, Flerin N, Gaspard U, Foidart JM. Evaluation of the safety profile of prolonged-release EE/DNG oral contraceptives: a critical appraisal. Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology 2025. link 9 Hofmeyr GJ, Singata-Madliki M, Batting J, Balakrishna Y, Morroni C. Effects of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate, the copper IUD and the levonorgestrel implant on testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin and free testosterone levels: ancillary study of the ECHO randomized clinical trial. BMC women's health 2024. link 10 Canela MRM, Brito LGO, Silva-Filho AL, Bahamondes L, Juliato CRT. The personal experience of female obstetricians and gynaecologists with contraceptive use influences the guidance and prescription of contraceptive methods: a web-survey. The European journal of contraception & reproductive health care : the official journal of the European Society of Contraception 2024. link 11 Stuart GS, Yates L, Crump J, Allison BA, Navarro AL, Tadikonda A et al.. Single-visit insertion of long-acting reversible contraception in a single health system. Contraception 2023. link 12 Al Aloola N, Almuneef S, Alasmari R, Al Ewairdhi H. Qualitative insights into the need for a contraception protocol from obstetricians' and gynecologists' perspectives. BMC women's health 2023. link 13 Vatrasresth J, Prapaisilp P, Sukrong M, Sinthuchai N, Karroon P, Maitreechit D et al.. Acceptability of telemedicine for follow up after contraceptive implant initiation at an obstetrics and gynecologic training center. BMC health services research 2023. link 14 Beltz AM, Demidenko MI, Chaku N, Klump KL, Joseph JE. Intrauterine Device Use: A New Frontier for Behavioral Neuroendocrinology. Frontiers in endocrinology 2022. link 15 da Cunha Pereira P, Monteiro I, Bahamondes L. Natural contraception apps knowledge among Brazilian women and Obstetrics and Gynaecology residents. The European journal of contraception & reproductive health care : the official journal of the European Society of Contraception 2022. link 16 Fuerst MF, Schrote K, Garg B, Rodriguez MI. Association of 12-month contraceptive supply policy and months of oral contraception prescribed by obstetrics and gynecology resident physicians: an exploratory cross-sectional study. BMC women's health 2022. link 17 Bléas C, Llouquet F, Neveu ME, Gaudu S, Fernandez H, Vigoureux S. Study on the use practices and knowledges of French practitioners about the use of intra-uterine devices in early post-partum contraception in France. Journal of gynecology obstetrics and human reproduction 2022. link 18 Balkan E, Genç Koyucu R. The knowledge levels of midwifery students on contraceptive methods: A cross-sectional study. Nurse education today 2022. link 19 Abdalla O, Black K, Bateson D, Woods C, de Costa C. Clinical experience of trainees of The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists in insertion of long-acting reversible contraceptives. The Australian & New Zealand journal of obstetrics & gynaecology 2021. link 20 Maideen NMP, Balasubramanian R, Ramanathan S. Pharmacokinetic Approach of Clinically Important Drug Interactions of Hormonal Contraceptives - A Review. Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets 2021. link 21 Patel J, Nguyen BT. Vasectomy: An Opportunity for Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Clinical obstetrics and gynecology 2020. link 22 Edwards AJ, DiVasta AD, Pitts S. Long-acting reversible contraception side effect management. Current opinion in pediatrics 2020. link 23 Abbe C, Roxby AC. Assessing safety in hormonal male contraception: a critical appraisal of adverse events reported in a male contraceptive trial. BMJ sexual & reproductive health 2020. link 24 Horvath S, Bumpus M, Luchowski A. From uptake to access: a decade of learning from the ACOG LARC program. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology 2020. link 25 Maples JM, Espey E, Evans ML, Breeze JL, Ogburn T, Zite NB. Obstetrics-gynecology resident long-acting reversible contraception training: the role of resident and program characteristics. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology 2020. link 26 Mazori DR. The ABCs of COCs: a guide for dermatology residents on combined oral contraceptives. Cutis 2019. link 27 Santibenchakul S, Tschann M, Carlson ADP, Hurwitz EL, Salcedo J. Advanced Prescription of Emergency Contraceptive Pills Among Adolescents and Young Adults. Southern medical journal 2019. link 28 Castleberry NM, Stark L, Schulkin J, Grossman D. Implementing best practices for the provision of long-acting reversible contraception: a survey of obstetrician-gynecologists. Contraception 2019. link 29 Chabbert-Buffet N, Marret H, Agostini A, Cardinale C, Hamdaoui N, Hassoun D et al.. Clinical practice guidelines for contraception by the French National College of Gynecologists and Obstetricians (CNGOF). Journal of gynecology obstetrics and human reproduction 2019. link 30 Morris J, Arora KS. Should Clinicians Challenge Faith-Based Institutional Values Conflicting with Their Own?. AMA journal of ethics 2018. link 31 Chen MJ, Hsia JK, Creinin MD. Etonogestrel implant use in women primarily choosing a combined oral contraceptive pill: A proof-of-concept trial. Contraception 2018. link 32 Thompson KMJ, Rocca CH, Stern L, Morfesis J, Goodman S, Steinauer J et al.. Training contraceptive providers to offer intrauterine devices and implants in contraceptive care: a cluster randomized trial. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology 2018. link 33 Evans ML, Espey E, Ogburn T, Zite NB. Use of Long-Acting Reversible Contraception by Obstetrics and Gynecology Residents: An Examination of Access for All Women. Obstetrics and gynecology 2018. link 34 Davis SA, Braykov NP, Lathrop E, Haddad LB. Familiarity with Long-acting Reversible Contraceptives among Obstetrics and Gynecology, Family Medicine, and Pediatrics Residents: Results of a 2015 National Survey and Implications for Contraceptive Provision for Adolescents. Journal of pediatric and adolescent gynecology 2018. link 35 Philliber AE, Hirsch H, Brindis CD, Turner R, Philliber S. The Use of ACOG Guidelines: Perceived Contraindications to IUD and Implant Use Among Family Planning Providers. Maternal and child health journal 2017. link 36 Weber TL, Briggs A, Hanson JD. Exploring the Uptake of Long-Acting Reversible Contraception in South Dakota Women and the Importance of Provider Education. South Dakota medicine : the journal of the South Dakota State Medical Association 2017. link 37 Nguyen BT, Jochim AL, Shih GH. Offering the full range of contraceptive options: a survey of interest in vasectomy training in the US family planning community. Contraception 2017. link 38 . Committee Opinion No 672 Summary Clinical Challenges of Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptive Methods. Obstetrics and gynecology 2016. link 39 Jacobson L, Garbers S, Helmy H, Roobol H, Kohn JE, Kavanaugh ML. IUD services among primary care practices in New York City. Contraception 2016. link 40 Rubin SE, Cohen HW, Santelli JS, McKee MD. Counseling Adolescents About the Intrauterine Contraceptive Device: A Comparison of Primary Care Pediatricians With Family Physicians and Obstetrician-Gynecologists in the Bronx, New York. Journal of primary care & community health 2015. link 41 Russo JA, Chen BA, Creinin MD. Primary care physician familiarity with U.S. medical eligibility for contraceptive use. Family medicine 2015. link 42 Harrington EK, Gordon D, Osgood-Roach I, Jensen JT, Aengst J. Conceptualizing risk and effectiveness: a qualitative study of women's and providers' perceptions of nonsurgical female permanent contraception. Contraception 2015. link 43 Luchowski AT, Anderson BL, Power ML, Raglan GB, Espey E, Schulkin J. Obstetrician-gynecologists and contraception: practice and opinions about the use of IUDs in nulliparous women, adolescents and other patient populations. Contraception 2014. link 44 Yu JM, Henderson JT, Harper CC, Sawaya GF. Obstetrician-gynecologists' beliefs on the importance of pelvic examinations in assessing hormonal contraception eligibility. Contraception 2014. link 45 Buhling KJ, Hauck B, Dermout S, Ardaens K, Marions L. Understanding the barriers and myths limiting the use of intrauterine contraception in nulliparous women: results of a survey of European/Canadian healthcare providers. European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology 2014. link 46 Stulberg DB, Hoffman Y, Dahlquist IH, Freedman LR. Tubal ligation in Catholic hospitals: a qualitative study of ob-gyns' experiences. Contraception 2014. link 47 Luchowski AT, Anderson BL, Power ML, Raglan GB, Espey E, Schulkin J. Obstetrician-gynecologists and contraception: long-acting reversible contraception practices and education. Contraception 2014. link 48 Castaño PM, Aydemir A, Sampson-Landers C, Lynen R. The folate status of reproductive-aged women in a randomised trial of a folate-fortified oral contraceptive: dietary and blood assessments. Public health nutrition 2014. link 49 Madden T, Mullersman JL, Omvig KJ, Secura GM, Peipert JF. Structured contraceptive counseling provided by the Contraceptive CHOICE Project. Contraception 2013. link 50 Tang J, Maurer R, Bartz D. Intrauterine device knowledge and practices: a national survey of obstetrics and gynecology residents. Southern medical journal 2013. link 51 Palmery M, Saraceno A, Vaiarelli A, Carlomagno G. Oral contraceptives and changes in nutritional requirements. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences 2013. link 52 Burrows LJ, Basha M, Goldstein AT. The effects of hormonal contraceptives on female sexuality: a review. The journal of sexual medicine 2012. link 53 Dohle GR, Diemer T, Kopa Z, Krausz C, Giwercman A, Jungwirth A. European Association of Urology guidelines on vasectomy. European urology 2012. link 54 Miklavcic AY, Isaacs CR. Obstetric-gynecology resident education regarding barrier and over-the-counter contraceptives: a national study. Journal of women's health (2002) 2012. link 55 Harper CC, Henderson JT, Raine TR, Goodman S, Darney PD, Thompson KM et al.. Evidence-based IUD practice: family physicians and obstetrician-gynecologists. Family medicine 2012. link 56 Harper CC, Speidel JJ, Drey EA, Trussell J, Blum M, Darney PD. Copper intrauterine device for emergency contraception: clinical practice among contraceptive providers. Obstetrics and gynecology 2012. link 57 Gemzell-Danielsson K, Cho S, Inki P, Mansour D, Reid R, Bahamondes L. Use of contraceptive methods and contraceptive recommendations among health care providers actively involved in contraceptive counseling -- results of an international survey in 10 countries. Contraception 2012. link 58 Fiebig DG, Knox S, Viney R, Haas M, Street DJ. Preferences for new and existing contraceptive products. Health economics 2011. link 59 Schramm GA, Schrah G. The efficacy and safety of an oral contraceptive containing chlormadinone acetate: results of a pooled analysis of noninterventional trials in adult and adolescent women. Contraception 2011. link 60 Mohamed AM, El-Sherbiny WS, Mostafa WA. Combined contraceptive ring versus combined oral contraceptive (30-μg ethinylestradiol and 3-mg drospirenone). International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics 2011. link 61 Mansour D, Verhoeven C, Sommer W, Weisberg E, Taneepanichskul S, Melis GB et al.. Efficacy and tolerability of a monophasic combined oral contraceptive containing nomegestrol acetate and 17β-oestradiol in a 24/4 regimen, in comparison to an oral contraceptive containing ethinylestradiol and drospirenone in a 21/7 regimen. The European journal of contraception & reproductive health care : the official journal of the European Society of Contraception 2011. link 62 Ebeigbe PN, Igberase GO, Eigbefoh J. Vasectomy: a survey of attitudes, counseling patterns and acceptance among Nigerian resident gynaecologists. Ghana medical journal 2011. link 63 Lawrence RE, Rasinski KA, Yoon JD, Curlin FA. Obstetrician-gynecologists' views on contraception and natural family planning: a national survey. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology 2011. link 64 Landy U, Darney PD. The future of contraception: the future leaders of family planning. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology 2011. link 65 Dehlendorf C, Grumbach K, Vittinghoff E, Ruskin R, Steinauer J. A study of physician recommendations for reversible contraceptive methods using standardized patients. Perspectives on sexual and reproductive health 2011. link 66 Thiel JA, Lukwinski A, Kamencic H, Lim H. Oral analgesia vs intravenous conscious sedation during Essure Micro-Insert sterilization procedure: randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Journal of minimally invasive gynecology 2011. link 67 van Grootheest K, Sachs B, Harrison-Woolrych M, Caduff-Janosa P, van Puijenbroek E. Uterine perforation with the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device: analysis of reports from four national pharmacovigilance centres. Drug safety 2011. link 68 Merki-Feld GS, Imthurn B, Rosselli M, Spanaus K. Implanon use lowers plasma concentrations of high-molecular-weight adiponectin. Fertility and sterility 2011. link 69 Cremer M, Phan-Weston S, Jacobs A. Recent innovations in oral contraception. Seminars in reproductive medicine 2010. link 70 Brucker C, Hedon B, The HS, Höschen K, Binder N, Christoph A. Long-term efficacy and safety of a monophasic combined oral contraceptive containing 0.02 mg ethinylestradiol and 2 mg chlormadinone acetate administered in a 24/4-day regimen. Contraception 2010. link 71 Black KI, Sakhaei T, Garland SM. A study investigating obstetricians' and gynaecologists' management of women requesting an intrauterine device. The Australian & New Zealand journal of obstetrics & gynaecology 2010. link 72 Henderson JT, Sawaya GF, Blum M, Stratton L, Harper CC. Pelvic examinations and access to oral hormonal contraception. Obstetrics and gynecology 2010. link 73 Moss E, Reynolds T, Williams D, Redman C. Obstetrics and gynaecology trainees' understanding of intrauterine device/system insertion. The journal of family planning and reproductive health care 2009. link 74 Rapkin AJ, Sorger SN, Winer SA. Drospirenone/ethinyl estradiol. Drugs of today (Barcelona, Spain : 1998) 2008. link 75 Mishell DR. YAZ and the novel progestin drospirenone. The Journal of reproductive medicine 2008. link 76 Rackow BW, Rhee MC, Taylor HS. Training of residents in laparoscopic tubal sterilization: long-term failure rates. The European journal of contraception & reproductive health care : the official journal of the European Society of Contraception 2008. link 77 Hohmann H, Creinin MD. The contraceptive implant. Clinical obstetrics and gynecology 2007. link 78 Hamani Y, Sciaki-Tamir Y, Deri-Hasid R, Miller-Pogrund T, Milwidsky A, Haimov-Kochman R. Misconceptions about oral contraception pills among adolescents and physicians. Human reproduction (Oxford, England) 2007. link 79 Yildizbas B, Sahin HG, Kolusari A, Zeteroglu S, Kamaci M. Side effects and acceptability of Implanon: a pilot study conducted in eastern Turkey. The European journal of contraception & reproductive health care : the official journal of the European Society of Contraception 2007. link 80 O'Connell K, Burkman RT. The transdermal contraceptive patch: an updated review of the literature. Clinical obstetrics and gynecology 2007. link 81 Viberga I, Odlind V, Zodzika J. Practices and perceptions on intrauterine contraception among Latvian obstetrician-gynecologists. Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica 2006. link 82 Schreiber CA, Harwood BJ, Switzer GE, Creinin MD, Reeves MF, Ness RB. Training and attitudes about contraceptive management across primary care specialties: a survey of graduating residents. Contraception 2006. link 83 Sulak PJ, Buckley T, Kuehl TJ. Attitudes and prescribing preferences of health care professionals in the United States regarding use of extended-cycle oral contraceptives. Contraception 2006. link 84 . Hormonal contraception: recent advances and controversies. Fertility and sterility 2006. link 85 Harel Z, Riggs S, Vaz R, Flanagan P, Dunn K, Harel D. Adolescents' experience with the combined estrogen and progestin transdermal contraceptive method Ortho Evra. Journal of pediatric and adolescent gynecology 2005. link 86 Funk S, Miller MM, Mishell DR, Archer DF, Poindexter A, Schmidt J et al.. Safety and efficacy of Implanon, a single-rod implantable contraceptive containing etonogestrel. Contraception 2005. link 87 Pradhan A, Sparano D, Ananth CV. The influence of an audience response system on knowledge retention: an application to resident education. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology 2005. link 88 Black A, Francoeur D, Rowe T, Collins J, Miller D, Brown T et al.. SOGC clinical practice guidelines: Canadian contraception consensus. Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology Canada : JOGC = Journal d'obstetrique et gynecologie du Canada : JOGC 2004. link 89 Khan Y, Sbrocca N, Stanojevic S, Penava D. Exposure to emergency contraception in an undergraduate medical curriculum. Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology Canada : JOGC = Journal d'obstetrique et gynecologie du Canada : JOGC 2003. link30581-3) 90 Pollack A. ACOG practice bulletin. Clinical management guidelines for obstetrician-gynecologists. Number 46, September 2003. (Replaces technical bulletin number 222, April 1996). Obstetrics and gynecology 2003. link 91 . Comparative study of the effects of two once-a-month injectable contraceptives (Cyclofem and Mesigyna) and one oral contraceptive (Ortho-Novum 1/35) on coagulation and fibrinolysis. Contraception 2003. link00164-1) 92 Yuzpe AA. Oral contraception: trends over time. The Journal of reproductive medicine 2002. link 93 Burkman RT. Oral contraceptives: current status. Clinical obstetrics and gynecology 2001. link 94 . ACOG Practice Bulletin. The use of hormonal contraception in women with coexisting medical conditions. Number 18, July 2000. International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics 2001. link00520-3) 95 Borgelt-Hansen L. Oral contraceptives: an update on health benefits and risks. Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington, D.C. : 1996) 2001. link31329-8) 96 Skegg DC. Evaluating the safety of medicines, with particular reference to contraception. Statistics in medicine 2001. link 97 Anderson RA. Hormonal contraception in the male. British medical bulletin 2000. link 98 Kaunitz AM. Injectable contraception. New and existing options. Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America 2000. link70171-6) 99 Shulman LP. Oral contraceptives. Risks. Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America 2000. link70168-6) 100 Zimmermann T, Dietrich H, Wisser KH, Hoffmann H. The efficacy and tolerability of Valette: a postmarketing surveillance study. The European journal of contraception & reproductive health care : the official journal of the European Society of Contraception 1999. link

Original source

[1]
Vasectomy: AUA Guideline (2026) Part I. — Schlegel PN, Clark JY, Coward RM, Hirshberg SJ, Honig S, Hsiao W et al. The Journal of urology (2026)
[2]
ACOG Committee Statement No. 21: Access to Contraception. Obstetrics and gynecology (2025)
[3]
Obstetrician-Gynecologist Perspectives and Counseling Practices on the U.S. Medicaid Waiting Period for Permanent Contraception. — Larkin S, Bullington BW, Berg KA, White K, Boozer M, Serna T et al. Women's health issues : official publication of the Jacobs Institute of Women's Health (2025)
[4]
Intrauterine Device Insertion Practices Among Obstetrician-Gynecologists in Rhode Island. — Bell T, Matteson KA, Raker CA, Allen RH Rhode Island medical journal (2013) (2025)
[5]
The world of contraception: A global mapping project across FIGO member societies. — Koch MR, Rimal P, Echeverria G, Robrahn M, Sridhar A International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (2025)
[6]
Patient and obstetrician-gynecologist perspectives on considering long-acting reversible contraception for postpartum patients who desire permanent contraception. — Thornton M, Bullington BW, Berg KA, White K, Larkin S, Boozer M et al. Contraception (2025)
[7]
The clinical relevance of having more than one estrogen in combined hormonal contraception to address the needs of women. — Frisendahl C, Kallner HK, Gemzell-Danielsson K Best practice & research. Clinical obstetrics & gynaecology (2025)
[8]
Evaluation of the safety profile of prolonged-release EE/DNG oral contraceptives: a critical appraisal. — Douxfils J, Morimont L, Flerin N, Gaspard U, Foidart JM Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology (2025)
[9]
Effects of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate, the copper IUD and the levonorgestrel implant on testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin and free testosterone levels: ancillary study of the ECHO randomized clinical trial. — Hofmeyr GJ, Singata-Madliki M, Batting J, Balakrishna Y, Morroni C BMC women's health (2024)
[10]
The personal experience of female obstetricians and gynaecologists with contraceptive use influences the guidance and prescription of contraceptive methods: a web-survey. — Canela MRM, Brito LGO, Silva-Filho AL, Bahamondes L, Juliato CRT The European journal of contraception & reproductive health care : the official journal of the European Society of Contraception (2024)
[11]
Single-visit insertion of long-acting reversible contraception in a single health system. — Stuart GS, Yates L, Crump J, Allison BA, Navarro AL, Tadikonda A et al. Contraception (2023)
[12]
Qualitative insights into the need for a contraception protocol from obstetricians' and gynecologists' perspectives. — Al Aloola N, Almuneef S, Alasmari R, Al Ewairdhi H BMC women's health (2023)
[13]
Acceptability of telemedicine for follow up after contraceptive implant initiation at an obstetrics and gynecologic training center. — Vatrasresth J, Prapaisilp P, Sukrong M, Sinthuchai N, Karroon P, Maitreechit D et al. BMC health services research (2023)
[14]
Intrauterine Device Use: A New Frontier for Behavioral Neuroendocrinology. — Beltz AM, Demidenko MI, Chaku N, Klump KL, Joseph JE Frontiers in endocrinology (2022)
[15]
Natural contraception apps knowledge among Brazilian women and Obstetrics and Gynaecology residents. — da Cunha Pereira P, Monteiro I, Bahamondes L The European journal of contraception & reproductive health care : the official journal of the European Society of Contraception (2022)
[16]
Association of 12-month contraceptive supply policy and months of oral contraception prescribed by obstetrics and gynecology resident physicians: an exploratory cross-sectional study. — Fuerst MF, Schrote K, Garg B, Rodriguez MI BMC women's health (2022)
[17]
Study on the use practices and knowledges of French practitioners about the use of intra-uterine devices in early post-partum contraception in France. — Bléas C, Llouquet F, Neveu ME, Gaudu S, Fernandez H, Vigoureux S Journal of gynecology obstetrics and human reproduction (2022)
[18]
The knowledge levels of midwifery students on contraceptive methods: A cross-sectional study. — Balkan E, Genç Koyucu R Nurse education today (2022)
[19]
Clinical experience of trainees of The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists in insertion of long-acting reversible contraceptives. — Abdalla O, Black K, Bateson D, Woods C, de Costa C The Australian & New Zealand journal of obstetrics & gynaecology (2021)
[20]
Pharmacokinetic Approach of Clinically Important Drug Interactions of Hormonal Contraceptives - A Review. — Maideen NMP, Balasubramanian R, Ramanathan S Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets (2021)
[21]
Vasectomy: An Opportunity for Obstetricians and Gynecologists. — Patel J, Nguyen BT Clinical obstetrics and gynecology (2020)
[22]
Long-acting reversible contraception side effect management. — Edwards AJ, DiVasta AD, Pitts S Current opinion in pediatrics (2020)
[23]
Assessing safety in hormonal male contraception: a critical appraisal of adverse events reported in a male contraceptive trial. — Abbe C, Roxby AC BMJ sexual & reproductive health (2020)
[24]
From uptake to access: a decade of learning from the ACOG LARC program. — Horvath S, Bumpus M, Luchowski A American journal of obstetrics and gynecology (2020)
[25]
Obstetrics-gynecology resident long-acting reversible contraception training: the role of resident and program characteristics. — Maples JM, Espey E, Evans ML, Breeze JL, Ogburn T, Zite NB American journal of obstetrics and gynecology (2020)
[26]
The ABCs of COCs: a guide for dermatology residents on combined oral contraceptives. — Mazori DR Cutis (2019)
[27]
Advanced Prescription of Emergency Contraceptive Pills Among Adolescents and Young Adults. — Santibenchakul S, Tschann M, Carlson ADP, Hurwitz EL, Salcedo J Southern medical journal (2019)
[28]
Implementing best practices for the provision of long-acting reversible contraception: a survey of obstetrician-gynecologists. — Castleberry NM, Stark L, Schulkin J, Grossman D Contraception (2019)
[29]
Clinical practice guidelines for contraception by the French National College of Gynecologists and Obstetricians (CNGOF). — Chabbert-Buffet N, Marret H, Agostini A, Cardinale C, Hamdaoui N, Hassoun D et al. Journal of gynecology obstetrics and human reproduction (2019)
[30]
Should Clinicians Challenge Faith-Based Institutional Values Conflicting with Their Own? — Morris J, Arora KS AMA journal of ethics (2018)
[31]
Etonogestrel implant use in women primarily choosing a combined oral contraceptive pill: A proof-of-concept trial. — Chen MJ, Hsia JK, Creinin MD Contraception (2018)
[32]
Training contraceptive providers to offer intrauterine devices and implants in contraceptive care: a cluster randomized trial. — Thompson KMJ, Rocca CH, Stern L, Morfesis J, Goodman S, Steinauer J et al. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology (2018)
[33]
Use of Long-Acting Reversible Contraception by Obstetrics and Gynecology Residents: An Examination of Access for All Women. — Evans ML, Espey E, Ogburn T, Zite NB Obstetrics and gynecology (2018)
[34]
Familiarity with Long-acting Reversible Contraceptives among Obstetrics and Gynecology, Family Medicine, and Pediatrics Residents: Results of a 2015 National Survey and Implications for Contraceptive Provision for Adolescents. — Davis SA, Braykov NP, Lathrop E, Haddad LB Journal of pediatric and adolescent gynecology (2018)
[35]
The Use of ACOG Guidelines: Perceived Contraindications to IUD and Implant Use Among Family Planning Providers. — Philliber AE, Hirsch H, Brindis CD, Turner R, Philliber S Maternal and child health journal (2017)
[36]
Exploring the Uptake of Long-Acting Reversible Contraception in South Dakota Women and the Importance of Provider Education. — Weber TL, Briggs A, Hanson JD South Dakota medicine : the journal of the South Dakota State Medical Association (2017)
[37]
Offering the full range of contraceptive options: a survey of interest in vasectomy training in the US family planning community. — Nguyen BT, Jochim AL, Shih GH Contraception (2017)
[38]
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