← Back to guidelines
Infectious Disease21 papers

Acute appendicitis without peritonitis

Last edited: 4/10/2026

Overview

Acute appendicitis is a common surgical emergency characterized by inflammation of the appendix. Uncomplicated appendicitis refers to inflammation without perforation or abscess formation.

Diagnosis

  • Presumed uncomplicated acute appendicitis is an indication for appendectomy 1.
  • Exclusion criteria for studies on uncomplicated appendicitis include suspicion of perforated appendicitis 1.
  • Management

  • Preoperative antibiotic treatment while awaiting surgery for presumed uncomplicated acute appendicitis may be considered 1.
  • Antibiotics are thought to decelerate inflammation progression and reduce complications in acute uncomplicated appendicitis 1.
  • Patients in a trial received cefuroxime (1500 mg) and metronidazole (500 mg) every 8 hours until surgery, with a single prophylactic dose given at anesthesia induction 1.
  • The Acute Care Surgery (ACS) model provides 24/7 nontrauma emergency surgical care 2.
  • Key Recommendations

  • Preoperative antibiotic treatment may be administered to patients with presumed uncomplicated acute appendicitis while awaiting surgery 1. (Evidence: Moderate)
  • Antibiotics are believed to reduce complications in acute uncomplicated appendicitis 1. (Evidence: Weak)
  • The Acute Care Surgery model, providing 24/7 nontrauma emergency surgical care, is implemented worldwide with variations in components such as daytime on-site attending coverage and 24/7 in-house resident coverage 2. (Evidence: Moderate)
  • References

    1 Jalava K, Sallinen V, Lampela H, Malmi H, Steinholt I, Augestad KM et al.. Role of Preoperative Antibiotic Treatment While Awaiting Appendectomy: The PERFECT-Antibiotics Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA surgery 2025. link 2 van der Wee MJL, van der Wilden G, Hoencamp R. Acute Care Surgery Models Worldwide: A Systematic Review. World journal of surgery 2020. link

    Original source

    1. [1]
      Role of Preoperative Antibiotic Treatment While Awaiting Appendectomy: The PERFECT-Antibiotics Randomized Clinical Trial.Jalava K, Sallinen V, Lampela H, Malmi H, Steinholt I, Augestad KM et al. JAMA surgery (2025)
    2. [2]
      Acute Care Surgery Models Worldwide: A Systematic Review.van der Wee MJL, van der Wilden G, Hoencamp R World journal of surgery (2020)

    HemoChat

    by SPINAI

    Evidence-based clinical decision support powered by SNOMED-CT, Neo4j GraphRAG, and NASS/AO/NICE guidelines.

    ⚕ For clinical reference only. Not a substitute for professional judgment.

    © 2026 HemoChat. All rights reserved.
    Research·Pricing·Privacy & Terms·Refund·SNOMED-CT · NASS · AO Spine · NICE · GraphRAG