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Gastroenterology445 papers

Infection caused by Helicobacter pylori

Last edited: 4/23/2026

Overview

Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative bacterium that infects the gastric mucosa, causing significant morbidity including peptic ulcers, gastritis, and an increased risk of gastric cancer 1 36.

Diagnosis

Urea Breath Test (UBT): Gold standard for post-treatment assessment 33.

Stool Antigen Test: Non-invasive method for diagnosis and follow-up 33.

Gastric Biopsy: Histopathology and rapid urease test for definitive diagnosis 1 36.

Serology: Useful for initial screening but does not distinguish active infection from past exposure 1 36.

Management

First-Line Treatment:

- Triple Therapy: PPI + amoxicillin + clarithromycin (typically 14 days) 1 6 15 16 36. - Quadruple Therapy: PPI + bismuth + tetracycline + metronidazole (often used in clarithromycin-resistant cases) 1 6 15 16 36. - Potassium-Competitive Acid Blockers (P-CAB)-Based Regimens: Vonoprazan-based dual (vonoprazan + amoxicillin) or triple/quadruple therapies show efficacy 6 27 28.

Adjunctive Treatments:

- Probiotics: Saccharomyces boulardii or Lactobacillus spp. to reduce side effects and potentially improve eradication rates 5 22 48. - Duration: Optimal duration varies; bismuth-containing quadruple therapy often recommended for 10-14 days 24.

Special Populations

Pediatrics: Similar first-line treatments as adults, with careful consideration of antibiotic resistance patterns 16 50.

Elderly: No specific modifications noted, but careful monitoring for side effects and adherence is crucial 1.

Comorbidities: No specific guidelines diverge; focus on effective eradication while managing comorbidities 1.

Key Recommendations

First-Line Therapy: Use triple therapy (PPI + amoxicillin + clarithromycin) for 14 days for initial eradication attempts (Evidence: Strong 1 6 15 16 36).

Clarithromycin Resistance: Consider bismuth-based quadruple therapy or P-CAB regimens in regions with high clarithromycin resistance (Evidence: Strong 4 17 20 24).

Probiotic Adjuncts: Incorporate probiotics like Saccharomyces boulardii to enhance tolerability and potentially improve eradication rates (Evidence: Moderate 5 22 48).

Monitoring and Follow-Up: Utilize non-invasive tests such as UBT or stool antigen tests for post-treatment assessment (Evidence: Moderate 33).

Consider Regional Resistance Patterns: Tailor treatment regimens based on local antibiotic resistance profiles (Evidence: Moderate 17 20 31).

References

Showing 100 most recent of 321 indexed papers.

1 Churaman B, Sadighi T, Dudley A, Downes L. Next-generation approaches in treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection in adults. The Nurse practitioner 2026. link 2 Pasha AVK, Esfandiyari M, Parnian A, Mahboubi-Rabbani M, Bayanati M. Immunoinformatics-Based Multi-Epitope Vaccine Targeting Helicobacter Pylori. Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) 2026. link 3 Li C, Lin Q, Yang L. Interpretable machine learning analysis for relationships between . Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology 2026. link 4 Dossouvi KM, Bouyo T, Sognonnou S, Ibadin EE, Lv LC, Sambe Ba B et al.. Clarithromycin-resistant Helicobacter pylori in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Antimicrobial resistance and infection control 2025. link 5 Westphal JR, Koch N, Macke L, Vasapolli R, Saka D, Vilchez-Vargas R et al.. Inhibitory Effects of Probiotic and Gastro-Intestinal Bacteria on Helicobacter pylori in vitro. Digestion 2025. link 6 Rokkas T, Ekmektzoglou K, Niv Y, Graham DY. Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Potassium-Competitive Acid Blocker-Based Dual, Triple, and Quadruple Regimens for First-Line Helicobacter pylori Infection Treatment: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. The American journal of gastroenterology 2025. link 7 Jiang Y, Yan H, Cui J, Yang K, An Y. Artificial Intelligence in Endoscopy for Predicting Helicobacter pylori Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Helicobacter 2025. link 8 Mori H, Nishizawa T, Morioka K, Kato M, Kanai T. Should Metronidazole Be Included in Second-Line Treatment After Standard Triple Therapy for Helicobacter pylori?: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Helicobacter 2025. link 9 Jiang YZ, Ma K, Cui C, Li ZY, Wang XY. Effect of Saccharomyces boulardii supplementation to bismuth quadruple therapy on Helicobacter pylori eradication. BMC gastroenterology 2025. link 10 Hassan AM, Abdel-Gawad M, Mahmoud MM, Abdelrazzak E, Sawy SS, Sayed MA et al.. Efficacy and safety of nitazoxanide based quadruple regimen as first line therapy for treating Helicobacter pylori infected naïve patients. Journal of infection in developing countries 2025. link 11 Gonciarz W, Chmiela M. Dynamics of Bacteria-Mucus Interactions: Quantitative Assessment of MUC5AC and Helicobacter pylori Adhesion to the Gastric Tissue on the Model of Cavia porcellus. Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) 2025. link 12 Jearth V, Yadav AI, Shah J, Singh AK, Sundaram S, Sharma V et al.. A survey of practice patterns and adherence to national and international guidelines on the management of Helicobacter pylori infection among gastroenterologists and gastroenterology fellows in India. Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology 2025. link 13 Tamanna T, Rahman MS. Leveraging immunoinformatics for developing a multi-epitope subunit vaccine against . Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics 2025. link 14 Razzak A, Ahmed F, Mahmud MT. Development of a multi-epitope vaccine against Helicobacter pylori using a novel saRNA technology through an immunoinformatics approach. Scientific reports 2025. link 15 Chey WD, Howden CW, Moss SF, Morgan DR, Greer KB, Grover S et al.. ACG Clinical Guideline: Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infection. The American journal of gastroenterology 2024. link 16 Homan M, Jones NL, Bontems P, Carroll MW, Czinn SJ, Gold BD et al.. Updated joint ESPGHAN/NASPGHAN guidelines for management of Helicobacter pylori infection in children and adolescents (2023). Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition 2024. link 17 Yu Y, Xue J, Lin F, Liu D, Zhang W, Ru S et al.. Global Primary Antibiotic Resistance Rate of Helicobacter pylori in Recent 10 years: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Helicobacter 2024. link 18 Salahi-Niri A, Nabavi-Rad A, Monaghan TM, Rokkas T, Doulberis M, Sadeghi A et al.. Global prevalence of Helicobacter pylori antibiotic resistance among children in the world health organization regions between 2000 and 2023: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC medicine 2024. link 19 Wu X, Duan M, Kong Q, Zeng S, Xu L, Li Y et al.. Clarifying varied Helicobacter pylori eradication therapies: A comprehensive review. Helicobacter 2024. link 20 Hong TC, El-Omar EM, Kuo YT, Wu JY, Chen MJ, Chen CC et al.. Primary antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori in the Asia-Pacific region between 1990 and 2022: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology 2024. link00281-9) 21 Mishra V, Dash D, Panda AK, Pathak SK. Efficacy of Lactobacillus spp. Supplementation in Helicobacter pylori Eradication: A Systematic Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials With Trial Sequential Analysis. Helicobacter 2024. link 22 Zhang Y, Lu B, Dong Y, Zhang Y, Du Q, Chen Y et al.. Saccharomyces boulardii combined with triple therapy alter the microbiota in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection. Scientific reports 2024. link 23 Wang W, Smith M, Ellis R, Savio A, Nevel A, Umamahesan C et al.. Non-. International journal of molecular sciences 2024. link 24 Duan M, Kong Q, Wang H, Li Y. Optimal Duration of Bismuth-Containing Quadruple Therapy for Helicobacter pylori Eradication: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Helicobacter 2024. link 25 Bhattacharjee A, Sahoo OS, Sarkar A, Bhattacharya S, Chowdhury R, Kar S et al.. Infiltration to infection: key virulence players of Helicobacter pylori pathogenicity. Infection 2024. link 26 Mi C, Suo B, Tian X, Wang Y, Ma L, Song Z. Application of cefuroxime in the eradication therapy of Helicobacter pylori infection: A review article. Helicobacter 2024. link 27 Liu L, Shi H, Shi Y, Wang A, Guo N, Li F et al.. Vonoprazan-based therapies versus PPI-based therapies in patients with H. pylori infection: Systematic review and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials. Helicobacter 2024. link 28 Benito BM, Nyssen OP, Gisbert JP. Efficacy and Safety of Vonoprazan in Dual/Triple/Quadruple Regimens Both in First-Line and Rescue Therapy for Helicobacter pylori Eradication: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis. Helicobacter 2024. link 29 Liang Y, Wang D. TLR9 gene polymorphism confers risk to Helicobacter pylori infection in Jiangsu, China and its inspiration for precision nursing car. Technology and health care : official journal of the European Society for Engineering and Medicine 2024. link 30 Lai Y, Dong X, Song Y, Zhao J, Du Y, Li Z. Novel MAXPOWER biological antibacterial liquid for eradicating oral Helicobacter pylori. BMC infectious diseases 2024. link 31 Cabrera C, Torres J, Serrano CA, Gallardo P, Orellana V, George S et al.. Antimicrobial Resistance of Helicobacter pylori Isolated From Latin American Children and Adolescents (2008-2023): A Systematic Review. Helicobacter 2024. link 32 Nishiyama K, Mukai T. Adhesion Inhibition Assay for Helicobacter pylori to Mucin by Lactobacillus. Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) 2024. link 33 Price TK, Realegeno S, Azad K, Shier KL. Validation of the PyloPlus Urea Breath Test System in pediatric patients. Microbiology spectrum 2024. link 34 Moges Eskeziyaw B, Waihenya R, Maina N, Muuo Nzou S. Immunoinformatics-Based Designing of Novel and Potent Multi-Epitope PSA D15 and Cag11 Immunogens for Helicobacter pylori Immunodiagnostic Assay Development. Helicobacter 2024. link 35 Jebali A, Esmaeilzadeh A, Esmaeilzadeh MK, Shabani S. Immunoinformatics design and synthesis of a multi-epitope vaccine against Helicobacter pylori based on lipid nanoparticles. Scientific reports 2024. link 36 Katelaris P, Hunt R, Bazzoli F, Cohen H, Fock KM, Gemilyan M et al.. Helicobacter pylori World Gastroenterology Organization Global Guideline. Journal of clinical gastroenterology 2023. link 37 Li Y, Choi H, Leung K, Jiang F, Graham DY, Leung WK. Global prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection between 1980 and 2022: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology 2023. link00070-5) 38 Ji YH, Shi YM, Hei QW, Sun JM, Yang XF, Wu T et al.. Evaluation of guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. Helicobacter 2023. link 39 Ismail NI, Nawawi KNM, Hsin DCC, Hao KW, Mahmood NRKN, Chearn GLC et al.. Probiotic containing Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17648 as an adjunct treatment for Helicobacter pylori infection: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Helicobacter 2023. link 40 Yu J, Lv Y, Yang P, Jiang Y, Qin X, Wang X. Alcohol increases treatment failure for Helicobacter pylori eradication in Asian populations. BMC gastroenterology 2023. link 41 Qian HS, Li WJ, Dang YN, Li LR, Xu XB, Yuan L et al.. Ten-Day Vonoprazan-Amoxicillin Dual Therapy as a First-Line Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infection Compared With Bismuth-Containing Quadruple Therapy. The American journal of gastroenterology 2023. link 42 Ren X, Shi Y, Suo B, Yao X, Lu H, Li C et al.. Individualized diagnosis and eradication therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection based on gene detection of clarithromycin resistance in stool specimens: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Helicobacter 2023. link 43 Fansler RT, Spiga L, Langford M, Zhu W. Respire or expire-precision killing of Helicobacter pylori by targeting complex I respiration. Cell chemical biology 2023. link 44 Zhou L, Lu H, Song Z, Lyu B, Chen Y, Wang J et al.. 2022 Chinese national clinical practice guideline on Helicobacter pylori eradication treatment. Chinese medical journal 2022. link 45 Chey WD, Mégraud F, Laine L, López LJ, Hunt BJ, Howden CW. Vonoprazan Triple and Dual Therapy for Helicobacter pylori Infection in the United States and Europe: Randomized Clinical Trial. Gastroenterology 2022. link 46 Ren S, Cai P, Liu Y, Wang T, Zhang Y, Li Q et al.. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology 2022. link 47 Yu J, Yang P, Qin X, Li C, Lv Y, Wang X. Impact of smoking on the eradication of Helicobacter pylori. Helicobacter 2022. link 48 Viazis N, Argyriou K, Kotzampassi K, Christodoulou DK, Apostolopoulos P, Georgopoulos SD et al.. A Four-Probiotics Regimen Combined with A Standard Helicobacter pylori-Eradication Treatment Reduces Side Effects and Increases Eradication Rates. Nutrients 2022. link 49 Gisbert JP, Alcedo J, Amador J, Bujanda L, Calvet X, Castro-Fernández M et al.. V Spanish Consensus Conference on Helicobacter pylori infection treatment. Gastroenterologia y hepatologia 2022. link 50 De Francesco V, Zullo A, Manta R, Pavoni M, Saracino IM, Fiorini G et al.. First-line therapies for H. pylori infection in Italy: a pooled-data analysis. Acta gastro-enterologica Belgica 2022. link 51 He W, Jiang M. TLR4 rs4986790 polymorphism confers risk to Helicobacter pylori infection in Zhejiang, China and its enlightenment to nursing care. Journal of clinical laboratory analysis 2022. link 52 Doctor S, Abraham P, Desai D, Dhoble P, Gupta T, Joshi A. Ten-day concomitant and sequential therapy for Helicobacter pylori effective in region with high antibiotic resistance rates. Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology 2022. link 53 Sonnenberg A. Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 2022. link 54 Fernández Salazar L, Valle Muñoz J. 2021 Guidelines on Helicobacter pylori. Coincidences and divergences between the Spanish and World Gastroenterology Organisation (WGO) guidelines. Revista espanola de enfermedades digestivas 2022. link 55 Pellicano R. The Less Expensive Test to Diagnose Helicobacter Pylori Eradication. Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP 2022. link 56 Romano M, Gravina AG, Eusebi LH, Pellegrino R, Palladino G, Frazzoni L et al.. Management of Helicobacter pylori infection: Guidelines of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology (SIGE) and the Italian Society of Digestive Endoscopy (SIED). Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver 2022. link 57 Zagari RM, Romano M, Frazzoni L, Marasco G, Dajti E, Arcidiacono PG et al.. Adherence to international guidelines for the management of Helicobacter pylori infection among gastroenterologists and gastroenterology fellows in Italy: A Survey of the Italian Federation of Digestive Diseases - FISMAD. Helicobacter 2022. link 58 Shah SC, Iyer PG, Moss SF. AGA Clinical Practice Update on the Management of Refractory Helicobacter pylori Infection: Expert Review. Gastroenterology 2021. link 59 Rokkas T, Gisbert JP, Malfertheiner P, Niv Y, Gasbarrini A, Leja M et al.. Comparative Effectiveness of Multiple Different First-Line Treatment Regimens for Helicobacter pylori Infection: A Network Meta-analysis. Gastroenterology 2021. link 60 Ma H, Zhao XH, Zhang LL, Wu LM. Application of WeChat platform in the management of patients infected with Helicobacter pylori. Helicobacter 2021. link 61 Gisbert JP, Alcedo J, Amador J, Bujanda L, Calvet X, Castro-Fernández M et al.. V Spanish Consensus Conference on Helicobacter pylori infection treatment. Revista espanola de enfermedades digestivas 2021. link 62 Hu Y, Ouyang Y, Zhu Y, Lu NH. Reverse hybrid therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Helicobacter 2021. link 63 Zhao J, Zou Y, Li K, Huang X, Niu C, Wang Z et al.. Doxycycline and minocycline in Helicobacter pylori treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Helicobacter 2021. link 64 Jung HK, Kang SJ, Lee YC, Yang HJ, Park SY, Shin CM et al.. Evidence based guidelines for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection in Korea 2020. The Korean journal of internal medicine 2021. link 65 Singh SP, Ahuja V, Ghoshal UC, Makharia G, Dutta U, Zargar SA et al.. Management of Helicobacter pylori infection: The Bhubaneswar Consensus Report of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology. Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology 2021. link 66 Shatla MM, Faisal AS, El-Readi MZ. Is Vitamin D Deficiency a Risk Factor for Helicobacter Pylori Eradication Failure?. Clinical laboratory 2021. link 67 Tian G, Qin C, Liu Z, Shen D, Zou X, Fu J et al.. Total synthesis of the Helicobacter pylori serotype O2 O-antigen α-(1 → 2)- and α-(1 → 3)-linked oligoglucosides. Chemical communications (Cambridge, England) 2020. link 68 Jr JM. Rifabutin triple therapy increased . Annals of internal medicine 2020. link 69 Wagner EGH, Holmqvist E. The Length of a DNA T-Tract Modulates Expression of a Virulence-Regulating sRNA. Molecular cell 2020. link 70 Kato S, Shimizu T, Toyoda S, Gold BD, Ida S, Ishige T et al.. The updated JSPGHAN guidelines for the management of Helicobacter pylori infection in childhood. Pediatrics international : official journal of the Japan Pediatric Society 2020. link 71 Boyanova L, Markovska R, Mitov I. Helicobacter pylori growth stimulation by adrenaline detected by two methods. Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease 2019. link 72 Matsuzaki S, Uchiyama J, Takemura-Uchiyama I, Ujihara T, Daibata M. Isolation of Bacteriophages for Fastidious Bacteria. Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) 2018. link 73 Shimizu Y, Ogasawara Y, Matsumoto A, Dairi T. Aplasmomycin and boromycin are specific inhibitors of the futalosine pathway. The Journal of antibiotics 2018. link 74 Chey WD, Leontiadis GI, Howden CW, Moss SF. ACG Clinical Guideline: Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infection. The American journal of gastroenterology 2017. link 75 Jones NL, Koletzko S, Goodman K, Bontems P, Cadranel S, Casswall T et al.. Joint ESPGHAN/NASPGHAN Guidelines for the Management of Helicobacter pylori in Children and Adolescents (Update 2016). Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition 2017. link 76 Thorell K, Lehours P, Vale FF. Genomics of Helicobacter pylori. Helicobacter 2017. link 77 Hatakeyama M. A Sour Relationship between BabA and Lewis b. Cell host & microbe 2017. link 78 Murakami TT, Scranton RA, Brown HE, Harris RB, Chen Z, Musuku S et al.. Management of Helicobacter Pylori in the United States: Results from a national survey of gastroenterology physicians. Preventive medicine 2017. link 79 Walton EL. Helicobacter pylori's road to colonization. Biomedical journal 2016. link 80 Mirbagheri SA, Fu HC. Helicobacter pylori Couples Motility and Diffusion to Actively Create a Heterogeneous Complex Medium in Gastric Mucus. Physical review letters 2016. link 81 Parkhill J. Genomes on ice. Nature reviews. Microbiology 2016. link 82 Dmitrienko MA, Dmitrienko VS, Kornienko EA, Parolova NI, Colomina EO, Aronov EB. BASIC BIOCHEMICAL AND CLINICAL ASPECTS OF NONINVASIVE TESTS HELIC. Eksperimental'naia i klinicheskaia gastroenterologiia = Experimental & clinical gastroenterology 2016. link 83 Tarique KF, Devi S, Abdul Rehman SA, Gourinath S. Response to Errors in Crystal structure of HINT from Helicobacter pylori. Acta crystallographica. Section F, Structural biology communications 2016. link 84 Maize KM. Errors in Crystal structure of HINT from Helicobacter pylori. Acta crystallographica. Section F, Structural biology communications 2016. link 85 Menheniott TR, Judd LM, Giraud AS. STAT3: a critical component in the response to Helicobacter pylori infection. Cellular microbiology 2015. link 86 Wang Y, Tsang CN, Xu F, Kong PW, Hu L, Wang J et al.. Bio-coordination of bismuth in Helicobacter pylori revealed by immobilized metal affinity chromatography. Chemical communications (Cambridge, England) 2015. link 87 Keilberg D, Ottemann KM. H. pylori GPS: Modulating Host Metabolites for Location Sensing. Cell host & microbe 2015. link 88 de Bernard M, Josenhans C. Pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori infection. Helicobacter 2014. link 89 Mégraud F, Bessède E, Lehours P. Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection. Helicobacter 2014. link 90 Yucel O. Prevention of Helicobacter pylori infection in childhood. World journal of gastroenterology 2014. link 91 Hilton GM, Hoppin JA. Is Helicobacter Pylori an endogenous source of diethyl phthalate in humans?. Environmental research 2014. link 92 Constantinescu CA, Constantinescu EM. IS THERE A DIFFERENCE IN THE INCIDENCE OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION IN PATIENTS WITH SOME CHRONIC DISEASES?. Roumanian archives of microbiology and immunology 2014. link 93 Chien CT, Wang LW, Liu YN, Hsu BD, Lyu PC, Hsu ST. NMR assignments of a hypothetical pseudo-knotted protein HP0242 from Helicobacter pylori. Biomolecular NMR assignments 2014. link 94 Abadi ATB, Loffeld RJLF, Constancia AC, Wagenaar JA, Kusters JG. Detection of the Helicobacter pylori dupA gene is strongly affected by the PCR design. Journal of microbiological methods 2014. link 95 Lukeš P, Pavlík E, Potuznikova B, Nartova E, Foltynova E, Plzak J et al.. Detection of Helicobacter pylori in oropharyngeal lymphatic tissue with real-time PCR and assessment of its carcinogenic potential. European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 2014. link 96 Karabay O, Guclu E, Kocoglu E, Ozdemir D, Sencan I, Karabay M et al.. Frequency of nasal Helicobacter pylori carriage among cooks. JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association 2013. link 97 Cheng T, Li H, Yang X, Xia W, Sun H. Interaction of SlyD with HypB of Helicobacter pylori facilitates nickel trafficking. Metallomics : integrated biometal science 2013. link 98 Sezen OS, Kubilay U, Erzin Y, Tuncer M, Unver S. Does tonsillectomy affect the outcome of drug treatment for the eradication of gastric H pylori infection? A pilot study. Ear, nose, & throat journal 2013. link 99 Malfertheiner P, Megraud F, O'Morain CA, Atherton J, Axon AT, Bazzoli F et al.. Management of Helicobacter pylori infection--the Maastricht IV/ Florence Consensus Report. Gut 2012. link 100 Parker H, Keenan JI. Composition and function of Helicobacter pylori outer membrane vesicles. Microbes and infection 2012. link

Original source

[1]
Next-generation approaches in treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection in adults. — Churaman B, Sadighi T, Dudley A, Downes L The Nurse practitioner (2026)
[2]
Immunoinformatics-Based Multi-Epitope Vaccine Targeting Helicobacter Pylori. — Pasha AVK, Esfandiyari M, Parnian A, Mahboubi-Rabbani M, Bayanati M Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) (2026)
[3]
Interpretable machine learning analysis for relationships between — Li C, Lin Q, Yang L Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology (2026)
[4]
Clarithromycin-resistant Helicobacter pylori in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. — Dossouvi KM, Bouyo T, Sognonnou S, Ibadin EE, Lv LC, Sambe Ba B et al. Antimicrobial resistance and infection control (2025)
[5]
Inhibitory Effects of Probiotic and Gastro-Intestinal Bacteria on Helicobacter pylori in vitro. — Westphal JR, Koch N, Macke L, Vasapolli R, Saka D, Vilchez-Vargas R et al. Digestion (2025)
[6]
Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Potassium-Competitive Acid Blocker-Based Dual, Triple, and Quadruple Regimens for First-Line Helicobacter pylori Infection Treatment: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. — Rokkas T, Ekmektzoglou K, Niv Y, Graham DY The American journal of gastroenterology (2025)
[7]
Artificial Intelligence in Endoscopy for Predicting Helicobacter pylori Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. — Jiang Y, Yan H, Cui J, Yang K, An Y Helicobacter (2025)
[8]
Should Metronidazole Be Included in Second-Line Treatment After Standard Triple Therapy for Helicobacter pylori?: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. — Mori H, Nishizawa T, Morioka K, Kato M, Kanai T Helicobacter (2025)
[9]
Effect of Saccharomyces boulardii supplementation to bismuth quadruple therapy on Helicobacter pylori eradication. — Jiang YZ, Ma K, Cui C, Li ZY, Wang XY BMC gastroenterology (2025)
[10]
Efficacy and safety of nitazoxanide based quadruple regimen as first line therapy for treating Helicobacter pylori infected naïve patients. — Hassan AM, Abdel-Gawad M, Mahmoud MM, Abdelrazzak E, Sawy SS, Sayed MA et al. Journal of infection in developing countries (2025)
[11]
Dynamics of Bacteria-Mucus Interactions: Quantitative Assessment of MUC5AC and Helicobacter pylori Adhesion to the Gastric Tissue on the Model of Cavia porcellus. — Gonciarz W, Chmiela M Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) (2025)
[12]
A survey of practice patterns and adherence to national and international guidelines on the management of Helicobacter pylori infection among gastroenterologists and gastroenterology fellows in India. — Jearth V, Yadav AI, Shah J, Singh AK, Sundaram S, Sharma V et al. Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology (2025)
[13]
Leveraging immunoinformatics for developing a multi-epitope subunit vaccine against — Tamanna T, Rahman MS Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics (2025)
[14]
Development of a multi-epitope vaccine against Helicobacter pylori using a novel saRNA technology through an immunoinformatics approach. — Razzak A, Ahmed F, Mahmud MT Scientific reports (2025)
[15]
ACG Clinical Guideline: Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infection. — Chey WD, Howden CW, Moss SF, Morgan DR, Greer KB, Grover S et al. The American journal of gastroenterology (2024)
[16]
Updated joint ESPGHAN/NASPGHAN guidelines for management of Helicobacter pylori infection in children and adolescents (2023). — Homan M, Jones NL, Bontems P, Carroll MW, Czinn SJ, Gold BD et al. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition (2024)
[17]
Global Primary Antibiotic Resistance Rate of Helicobacter pylori in Recent 10 years: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. — Yu Y, Xue J, Lin F, Liu D, Zhang W, Ru S et al. Helicobacter (2024)
[18]
Global prevalence of Helicobacter pylori antibiotic resistance among children in the world health organization regions between 2000 and 2023: a systematic review and meta-analysis. — Salahi-Niri A, Nabavi-Rad A, Monaghan TM, Rokkas T, Doulberis M, Sadeghi A et al. BMC medicine (2024)
[19]
Clarifying varied Helicobacter pylori eradication therapies: A comprehensive review. — Wu X, Duan M, Kong Q, Zeng S, Xu L, Li Y et al. Helicobacter (2024)
[20]
Primary antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori in the Asia-Pacific region between 1990 and 2022: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. — Hong TC, El-Omar EM, Kuo YT, Wu JY, Chen MJ, Chen CC et al. The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology (2024)
[21]
Efficacy of Lactobacillus spp. Supplementation in Helicobacter pylori Eradication: A Systematic Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials With Trial Sequential Analysis. — Mishra V, Dash D, Panda AK, Pathak SK Helicobacter (2024)
[22]
Saccharomyces boulardii combined with triple therapy alter the microbiota in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection. — Zhang Y, Lu B, Dong Y, Zhang Y, Du Q, Chen Y et al. Scientific reports (2024)
[23]
Non- — Wang W, Smith M, Ellis R, Savio A, Nevel A, Umamahesan C et al. International journal of molecular sciences (2024)
[24]
Optimal Duration of Bismuth-Containing Quadruple Therapy for Helicobacter pylori Eradication: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. — Duan M, Kong Q, Wang H, Li Y Helicobacter (2024)
[25]
Infiltration to infection: key virulence players of Helicobacter pylori pathogenicity. — Bhattacharjee A, Sahoo OS, Sarkar A, Bhattacharya S, Chowdhury R, Kar S et al. Infection (2024)
[26]
Application of cefuroxime in the eradication therapy of Helicobacter pylori infection: A review article. — Mi C, Suo B, Tian X, Wang Y, Ma L, Song Z Helicobacter (2024)
[27]
Vonoprazan-based therapies versus PPI-based therapies in patients with H. pylori infection: Systematic review and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials. — Liu L, Shi H, Shi Y, Wang A, Guo N, Li F et al. Helicobacter (2024)
[28]
Efficacy and Safety of Vonoprazan in Dual/Triple/Quadruple Regimens Both in First-Line and Rescue Therapy for Helicobacter pylori Eradication: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis. — Benito BM, Nyssen OP, Gisbert JP Helicobacter (2024)
[29]
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