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Infectious Disease40 papers

Infection caused by Actinomycetales

Last edited: 4/10/2026

Overview

Actinomycetales are a diverse group of bacteria that can cause various infections. This summary focuses on the incidence and management of infections related to specific procedures, particularly in the context of prophylaxis.

Diagnosis

Management

  • Topical antibiotic prophylaxis with chloramphenicol or netilmicin drops may decrease conjunctival swab non-sterility before intravitreal injections, although this difference is not statistically significant after povidone-iodine application 2.

    • Special Populations

    Key Recommendations

  • The incidence of bacteremia after dermatologic surgery is low (0%-7%), with no direct evidence linking cutaneous surgery to prosthetic joint infections or infective endocarditis identified in a systematic review 1.
  • The proportion of patients with postoperative intracranial infection after endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery was 0.9% 3.
  • The combination of multiple antibiotics did not show a meaningful reduction in postoperative intracranial infection compared to single antibiotic agents in endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery 3.

    • References

    1 McKesey J, Mazhar M, Alam M, Srivastava D, Nijhawan RI. Incidence of Bacteremia, Infective Endocarditis, or Prosthetic Joint Infection in Dermatologic Surgery: A Systematic Review. Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.] 2024. link 2 Trovato Battagliola E, Riveros Cabral RJ, Manco G, Puggioni G, Brancato C, Mangiantini P et al.. Topical antibiotic prophylaxis before intravitreal injections: a pilot study. Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie 2023. link 3 Kwon TH, Shin HK, Yoon WK, Kim JH, Byun J. Antibiotics Prophylaxis for Endoscopic Endonasal Approach for Skull Base Tumor Surgery: A Meta-Analysis. World neurosurgery 2023. link

    Original source

    1. [1]
      Incidence of Bacteremia, Infective Endocarditis, or Prosthetic Joint Infection in Dermatologic Surgery: A Systematic Review. — McKesey J, Mazhar M, Alam M, Srivastava D, Nijhawan RI Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.] (2024)
    2. [2]
      Topical antibiotic prophylaxis before intravitreal injections: a pilot study. — Trovato Battagliola E, Riveros Cabral RJ, Manco G, Puggioni G, Brancato C, Mangiantini P et al. Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie (2023)
    3. [3]
      Antibiotics Prophylaxis for Endoscopic Endonasal Approach for Skull Base Tumor Surgery: A Meta-Analysis. — Kwon TH, Shin HK, Yoon WK, Kim JH, Byun J World neurosurgery (2023)
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