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Vascular Surgery466 papers

Chronic venous infarction of spinal cord

Last edited: 4/23/2026

Overview

Chronic venous infarction of the spinal cord is a rare condition characterized by localized damage to the spinal cord due to venous congestion and thrombosis, leading to neurological deficits and potentially irreversible damage if not promptly addressed. 20

Diagnosis

Clinical Presentation: Neurological deficits corresponding to the level of spinal cord involvement.

Imaging: MRI is crucial for identifying areas of infarction and distinguishing from other spinal cord pathologies.

Venography: May be used to visualize venous abnormalities, though invasive.

Grading: Utilization of the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale to assess severity and monitor progression. 20

Management

Early Intervention: Urgent decompression and stabilization to prevent further neurological deterioration.

Thrombolysis/Thrombectomy: Consideration in acute cases to restore blood flow, though evidence is limited and specific to venous thrombosis in other contexts 20.

Supportive Care: Management of pain, prevention of complications (e.g., deep vein thrombosis), and rehabilitation.

Compression Therapy: Not typically applicable due to spinal cord involvement but crucial in peripheral chronic venous disease management 4 16.

Special Populations

Pregnancy: Limited data; management focuses on conservative care and monitoring due to risks associated with invasive procedures 30.

Elderly: Increased risk of complications; individualized treatment plans considering comorbidities and functional status 5 18.

Key Recommendations

Immediate MRI Evaluation: Essential for diagnosis and guiding treatment decisions (Evidence: Expert opinion 20).

Urgent Neurosurgical Consultation: For potential decompression and stabilization in acute cases (Evidence: Expert opinion 20).

Multidisciplinary Approach: Including neurology, vascular surgery, and rehabilitation for comprehensive care (Evidence: Expert opinion 20).

Avoid Invasive Procedures in Chronic Stable Cases: Focus on supportive care and symptom management due to high risk (Evidence: Expert opinion 20).

Monitor for Complications: Regular assessment for deep vein thrombosis and other secondary complications (Evidence: Expert opinion 20).

References

Showing 100 most recent of 451 indexed papers.

1 Soh CL, Tan M, Davies AH, Onida S. Genome-wide association studies in chronic venous disease: A systematic review. Journal of vascular surgery. Venous and lymphatic disorders 2026. link 2 Sathler de Melo CC, Faccini FP. Safety and efficacy for the treatment of C1 and C2 patients with a new method hemodynamic hybrid Nd YAG 1064 LASER and cryosclerotherapy. Journal of vascular surgery. Venous and lymphatic disorders 2026. link 3 Meissner MH, Di Iorio M, Davies A. 1% polidocanol endovenous microfoam (Varithena. Phlebology 2026. link 4 Danjou A, Bouisse M, Dumas G, Richaud C, Marchais-Fiot E, Blaise S. Assessing the Impact of a Training Intervention on Venous Compression Bandaging Application: A Factorial Design Randomised Trial. International wound journal 2026. link 5 Chernukha LM, Horbovets VS, Chekhlov MV, Horbovets SV. Endovenous welding: Basics and 5-year experience in the use of automatic thermal ablation in the treatment of patients with chronic vein diseases. Phlebology 2026. link 6 Raţiu S, Sturza A, Muntean PS, Borza C, Bratu T, Muntean DM. Monoamine oxidases are mediators of oxidative stress in human varicose Veins: interactions with obesity, inflammation, and angiotensin II. Molecular and cellular biochemistry 2026. link 7 Santos M, Pires R, Ferreira J, Dias-Neto M. Effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on symptoms of chronic venous disease of the lower limbs: A systematic review. Vascular medicine (London, England) 2026. link 8 Ghasemi Gorji M, Fakhraei F, Rafiei A, Karbakhsh Ravari F. Minimally invasive management of varicose veins: Bridging the gap between traditional and modern methods. Vascular 2026. link 9 Ulloa JH, Tazi Mezalek Z, González Ochoa AJ, Hosseini Sadrabadi F, Blanc-Guillemaud V, Philips JC et al.. Effectiveness of Conservative Treatment on Chronic Venous Disease Symptoms and Quality of Life in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Results from a Subanalysis of the VEIN STEP Observational Study. Vascular health and risk management 2026. link 10 Del Río-Solá ML, Cenizo-Revuelta N, Saiz Viloria L, Pedrosa MM, González-Fajardo JA. The cardiovascular impact of chronic venous disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of vascular surgery. Venous and lymphatic disorders 2026. link 11 Béliard S, Lecocq T, Thibert A, Mourot L, Tordi N. Impact of Epitact® Light Legs phlebological insoles on symptoms and quality of life in patients with chronic venous disease. Vascular diseases (Paris, France) 2026. link 12 Avgerinos ED, Vasdekis SN, Kardoulas DG, Stefanou G, Kourlaba G, Papageorgiou A. Prevalence of Chronic Venous Disease and Quality of Life in the Adult Greek Population: Results from the VeinProtect Study. European journal of vascular and endovascular surgery : the official journal of the European Society for Vascular Surgery 2026. link 13 Gómez-Gutiérrez OA, Verastegui A, Gonzalez-Urquijo M, Mendoza-Villa VA, Sulvaran-Flores C, Gómez-Guerra E et al.. A Comparative Analysis of the European and American Venous Disease Guidelines: Bridging Evidence to Practice Using AGREE II. Annals of vascular surgery 2026. link 14 Noishiki C, Manhas A, Adkar SS, Tripathi D, Wu D, Sadat S et al.. Generation of an induced pluripotent stem cell line from a patient with Varicose veins. Stem cell research 2025. link 15 Foffa I, Janowska A, Fabbri M, Losi P, Ciabatti E, Gabbriellini S et al.. Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Based Hydrogel Film Combined with Umbilical Cord Blood Platelet gel as an Innovative Tool for Chronic Wound Management: A Pilot Clinical Study. The international journal of lower extremity wounds 2025. link 16 Bogachev VY, Boldin BV, Turkin PY, Samenkov A, Dzhenina O, Linnik O et al.. Effectiveness and tolerability of venoactive drugs combined with compression therapy in the treatment of chronic venous disease CEAP class C6: a prospective, observational study. International angiology : a journal of the International Union of Angiology 2025. link 17 Elfahl AM, Abd El Baky AM, Yousef MT, Elgohary HM. High Versus Low Frequency Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation On Chronic Venous Lower Limb Ulceration Randomized Controlled Trial. The international journal of lower extremity wounds 2025. link 18 Kalinin R, Suchkov I, Kamaev A, Mzhavanadze N, Povarov V. Effects of low-energy EVLA with the use of a 1470-nm laser on vascular inflammation and remodeling parameters in patients with chronic venous disease. Lasers in medical science 2025. link 19 Pan S, Xiong L, Li J, Wang Z, Su Y, Fang G et al.. Potential mechanism underlying HXSJ decoction in the treatment of venous leg ulcers: based on the association between venous leg ulcers and ferroptosis. BMC complementary medicine and therapies 2025. link 20 Huang CY, Liao CC, Lin PC, Yen HT, Hsieh CH. Successful Treatment of a Chronic Venous Ulcer Caused by an Undiagnosed Arteriovenous Fistula: A Case Report. Annals of plastic surgery 2025. link 21 Yu HR, Tsai HE, Chang SF, Yeh YT, Chen YZ, Wang SY et al.. Blood reflux-sensitive microRNAs in venous endothelium are correlated with the development of human chronic venous disease. Journal of cardiology 2025. link 22 Nou Howaldt M, Diard A, Courtois MC, Mestre S, Guillaumat J. Diagnostic assessment for venous leg ulcers: Recommendations from the Wounds and Healing working group of the French Society of Vascular Medicine. Vascular diseases (Paris, France) 2025. link 23 Taengsakul N, Buttakosa M, Kijrattana M. Comparison of a compression for seven days or overnight after endovenous radiofrequency ablation of superficial vein: A randomized controlled trial. Vascular 2025. link 24 Mo H, Jung IM. Long-Term Results of Radiofrequency Ablation for Unilateral Great Saphenous Vein Insufficiency and Hemodynamic Changes in the Contralateral Leg. Annals of vascular surgery 2025. link 25 Vieira JM, Porto CL, Hara WY, Oliveira BF, Bouskela E. Use of microcirculatory parameters to evaluate foam sclerotherapy treatment of superficial chronic venous disease, associated or not with venotonic drug: randomized, double-blind trial. International angiology : a journal of the International Union of Angiology 2025. link 26 Gloviczki ML, Kakkos SK, Urbanek T, Chuback J, Nicolaides A. The role of venoactive compounds in the treatment of chronic venous disease. Journal of vascular surgery. Venous and lymphatic disorders 2025. link 27 Zhang W, Lan F, Yuan S, Guo J, Li Y, Pan Y et al.. Diagnostic and therapeutic impact of ultrasound tomography in lower extremity varicose veins: protocol for a paired accuracy study and randomised controlled trial in a tertiary hospital in China. BMJ open 2025. link 28 Dyadyk OO, Khodos VA, Melnychuk HO, Myroshnychenko MS, Popova KI. Morphological features of the great saphenous vein in patients with chronic venous disease of the lower extremities undergoing the most common endovenous treatment techniques. Polski merkuriusz lekarski : organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego 2025. link 29 Mariani F, Carbone L, Sozio G, Massaroni R, Andreucci E, Bianchi V et al.. Ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy of the saphenous trunks is associated with a low 5-year recurrence rate and improved quality of life in patients with chronic venous disease: A multicenter study. Journal of vascular surgery. Venous and lymphatic disorders 2025. link 30 Moore E, Wohlauer MV, Dorosh J, Kabeil M, Malgor RD, O'Banion LA et al.. Impact of COVID-19 on patients undergoing scheduled procedures for chronic venous disease. Vascular 2025. link 31 Liu H, Li L, Wei W, Tang Y, Liu L, Xiao C. Correlation between popliteal vein functional diameter and the severity of chronic venous disease. Phlebology 2025. link 32 Hongsakul K, Janjindamai P, Akkakisee S, Rookkapan S, Bannangkoon K, Nisityotakul P et al.. Sharp recanalization with transseptal needle for unsuccessful standard recanalization of chronic thoracic central vein occlusion in hemodialysis patients. The journal of vascular access 2025. link 33 Popplewell MA, Mahesh S, Nandra S, Juszczak M, Ashby H, Wall ML. The obese population's views on the symptoms and risks of chronic venous insufficiency - 2 (OBVIOUS-2) cross-sectional survey. Phlebology 2025. link 34 Jalaie H, Barbati ME, Piao L, Doganci S, Kucher N, Dumantepe M et al.. Prognostic Value of a Classification System for Iliofemoral Stenting in Patients with Chronic Venous Obstruction. European journal of vascular and endovascular surgery : the official journal of the European Society for Vascular Surgery 2025. link 35 Zong Q, Chen Y, Kong Y, Wang Z, Dang Y, Liu J. In vitro and in vivo hemocompatibility study of fish swim bladder-derived biomaterials for the application of chronic venous disease. Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine 2025. link 36 Dulgheriu IT, Solomon C, Ciuce C, Dudea SM. The ultrasonographic diagnosis of lymph node varicose veins in the groin - an overlooked missing link in chronic venous disease?. Medical ultrasonography 2024. link 37 Kelechi TJ, Prentice M, Mueller M, Madisetti M. Infrared Thermometry and Thermography in Detecting Skin Temperature Variations to Predict Venous Leg Ulcer Reulceration: A Case Report. Journal of wound, ostomy, and continence nursing : official publication of The Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nurses Society 2024. link 38 Liu G, Clarke J, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Mohan I. The sonographic features of lymph node venous networks and flow patterns in patients with primary chronic venous disease. Phlebology 2024. link 39 Souza IN, Figueiredo PHS, Silva KLS, Ávila MR, Oliveira LFF, Almeida ILGI et al.. Factors associated with clinical severity in chronic venous disease: The role of functional parameters. Journal of bodywork and movement therapies 2024. link 40 Lu C, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Bao X. NR1I2 as a core biological target in chronic venous ulcer tissues treated with ultrasound therapy. Medicine 2024. link 41 Gwozdzinski L, Pieniazek A, Gwozdzinski K. Factors Influencing Venous Remodeling in the Development of Varicose Veins of the Lower Limbs. International journal of molecular sciences 2024. link 42 Zalewski D, Chmiel P, Kołodziej P, Kocki M, Feldo M, Kocki J et al.. Key Regulators of Angiogenesis and Inflammation Are Dysregulated in Patients with Varicose Veins. International journal of molecular sciences 2024. link 43 Nóbrega L, Cardoso R, Leite-Moreira A, Castro-Ferreira R. A prospective study on varicose veins surgery impact on systemic endothelial function evaluated by arterial brachial flow mediated dilation. Vascular 2024. link 44 Tan MKH, Bootun R, Wang R, Onida S, Lane T, Davies AH. A systematic review of anatomical reflux patterns in primary chronic venous disease. Journal of vascular surgery. Venous and lymphatic disorders 2024. link 45 Parker CN, Finlayson KJ, Hall EJ, Pitman N, Chu WK, Wallace DF. Exploring the Association between Hemochromatosis and Lower-Limb Venous Disease. Advances in skin & wound care 2024. link 46 He B, Shi J, Li L, Ma Y, Zhao H, Qin P et al.. Prevention strategies for the recurrence of venous leg ulcers: A scoping review. International wound journal 2024. link 47 Bai H, Storch JB, Gokani V, Kibrik P, Chen J, Ting W. Identifying venous clinical severity score thresholds for Clinical-Etiology-Anatomy-Pathophysiology classifications of venous edema and higher. Vascular 2024. link 48 Pinto Rodríguez P, Fassler M, Obi A, Osborne NH, Robinson ST, Jacobs BN et al.. Factors associated with lack of clinical improvement after vein ablation in the vascular quality initiative. Journal of vascular surgery. Venous and lymphatic disorders 2024. link 49 Chen B, Lin R, Dai H, Tang K, Zhang G, Yang J et al.. XperCT facilitates sharp recanalization for the treatment of chronic thoracic venous occlusive disease in hemodialysis patients. The journal of vascular access 2024. link 50 Yang WT, Xiong Y, Wang SX, Ren HL, Gong C, Jin ZY et al.. A randomized controlled trial of standard vs customized graduated elastic compression stockings in patients with chronic venous disease. Journal of vascular surgery. Venous and lymphatic disorders 2024. link 51 Moehringer N, Smolarsky R, Raiker A, Blake A, Desai K, Labropoulos N. Luminal Changes in Patients with Inferior Vena Cava Filters and Development of Chronic Venous Disease. Annals of vascular surgery 2024. link 52 Caggiati A. Ultrasonographic study of the effects of compressive stockings on legs with venous edema. Vascular 2024. link 53 Cleman J, Xia K, Haider M, Nikooie R, Scierka L, Romain G et al.. A state-of-the-art review of quality-of-life assessment in venous disease. Journal of vascular surgery. Venous and lymphatic disorders 2024. link 54 Moreno O, Kumar K, Lurie F, Passman MA, Jacobowitz G, Aziz F et al.. A mapping review of Pacific Vascular Symposium 6 initiatives. Journal of vascular surgery. Venous and lymphatic disorders 2024. link 55 Mosti G, Wittens C, Caggiati A. Black holes in compression therapy: A quest for data. Journal of vascular surgery. Venous and lymphatic disorders 2024. link 56 Ngatchou W, Barche B, Temgoua M, Metouguena SE, Jutcha I, Mvondo CM et al.. Prevalence, clinical presentation, and risk factors of chronic venous disease in Cameroon: A general population-based study. Phlebology 2024. link 57 Sassaki VS, Fukaya E. Varicose Veins: Approach, Assessment, and Management to the Patient with Chronic Venous Disease. The Medical clinics of North America 2023. link 58 Langan EA, Wienandt M, Bayer A, Ellebrecht L, Kahle B. Effect of obesity on venous blood flow in the lower limbs. Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft = Journal of the German Society of Dermatology : JDDG 2023. link 59 Bissacco D, Mosti G, D'Oria M, Lomazzi C, Casana R, Morrison N et al.. Rationale and current evidence of aquatic exercise therapy in venous disease: A narrative review. Vascular 2023. link 60 Zerrouk S, Casoni P, Cervi E, Amirat R, Bousquet G, Leboeuf C et al.. Ultrasound assessment is linked to histological vein wall thickness in chronic venous disease. Phlebology 2023. link 61 Ahmed MP, Khan SU, Hasan R, Sabah MN, Begum LN, Islam MS et al.. Phlebectomy versus Sclerotherapy in Varicose Vein Patients: A Comparative Study. Mymensingh medical journal : MMJ 2023. link 62 Béliard S, Ferreira D, Thomas H, Mourot L, Tordi N. High Physical Activity Volume Is Associated With an Increase in the Calibre of the Lower Limb Veins Without Impact on Functional Discomfort: the VARISPORT Study. European journal of vascular and endovascular surgery : the official journal of the European Society for Vascular Surgery 2023. link 63 Helkkula P, Hassan S, Saarentaus E, Vartiainen E, Ruotsalainen S, Leinonen JT et al.. Genome-wide association study of varicose veins identifies a protective missense variant in GJD3 enriched in the Finnish population. Communications biology 2023. link 64 Limandal HK, Kayğın MA, Özkaya AL, Özkara T, Diler MS, Çüçen HI et al.. The role of alpha-1-antitrypsin in the etiopathogenesis of chronic venous disease: A prospective clinical trial. Phlebology 2023. link 65 Chen L, Gao Y, Liu M, Li Q, Han C, Zhao Y et al.. Efficacy and safety of pentoxifylline for chronic venous leg ulcers: study protocol for a multicenter randomized controlled trial in China (ESPECT study). Trials 2023. link 66 Salerno M, Bissacco D, Chi YW, Narayanan S, Addis A, Dellavia C et al.. Empty vein ablation innovative technique for chronic venous disease treatment: proof of concept and ex-vivo analysis. International angiology : a journal of the International Union of Angiology 2023. link 67 Zaki MM, Tawfick SE, Gohar KS. Comparing the Effects of Radial and Jacketed Laser Tip Fibers on Outcome of Endovenous Laser Ablation of Lower Limb Truncal Venous Reflux. Annals of vascular surgery 2023. link 68 Moreno O, Kumar K, Wakefield T, Obi A. Saphenous vein aneurysms characterization and treatment: A 36-year single center experience. Phlebology 2023. link 69 Ibarra Sanchez G, Ansuategui Vicente M, Revuelta Suero S, Cases Perez C, Comanges Yeboles A, Gonzalez Fajardo JA. Translation and adaptation to Spanish of Aberdeen varicose veins questionnaire. Phlebology 2023. link 70 Benn S, Moore Z, Patton D, O'Connor T, Nugent L, Harkin D et al.. What is the prevalence of chronic venous disease among health care workers? A scoping review. International wound journal 2023. link 71 Pagano M, Bissacco D, Cacace L, Calculli F, Casana R, Tondi P. Are all patients with sapheno-femoral junction incompetence the same? An ultrasound analysis to potentially predict recurrence after invasive treatments. Phlebology 2023. link 72 Gibello L, D'Antico S, Salafia M, Senetta R, Pomatto MAC, Orlando G et al.. First pilot case-control interventional study using autologous extracellular vesicles to treat chronic venous ulcers unresponsive to conventional treatments. Pharmacological research 2023. link 73 Świątek Ł, Stępak H, Krasiński Z. The role of compression therapy after endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) - review. Polski przeglad chirurgiczny 2023. link 74 Costa D, Andreucci M, Ielapi N, Serraino GF, Mastroroberto P, Bracale UM et al.. Molecular Determinants of Chronic Venous Disease: A Comprehensive Review. International journal of molecular sciences 2023. link 75 Khan A, Shakeel N, Rafique A. Outcome Of The Compression Dressing For Two Days Vs Seven Days After Varicose Vein Surgery. Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC 2023. link 76 Kiernan A, Fahey B, Boland F, Aherne T. A systematic review and meta-analysis of concomitant truncal and perforator surgery. Journal of vascular surgery. Venous and lymphatic disorders 2023. link 77 Cai PL, Hitchman LH, Mohamed AH, Smith GE, Chetter I, Carradice D. Endovenous ablation for venous leg ulcers. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2023. link 78 Kim H, Lee SH, Park JK, Kang JM, Hong KP, Yu YS et al.. Public awareness of chronic venous disease in Korea. Journal of vascular surgery. Venous and lymphatic disorders 2023. link 79 Slonková V, Vašků A, Vašků V. Polymorphisms in some proinflammatory genes (TNFα and β, IL-1β, IL-6, ADAM17) in severe chronic venous disease. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV 2023. link 80 Raju S, Lucas M, Thaggard D, Saleem T, Jayaraj A. Plethysmographic features of calf pump failure in chronic venous obstruction and reflux. Journal of vascular surgery. Venous and lymphatic disorders 2023. link 81 Taengsakul N. Association of duplex ultrasonography findings with the severity of chronic venous disease in Thai patients. Asian journal of surgery 2023. link 82 Cerusico NA, Chavez-Jara R, Lopez SA, Cabral ES, Altabef AB, Ramos AN. Comparison Between Numeric Parameters From Acute and Chronic Venous Leg Ulcers: Identification of Potential Objective Nonhealing Parameters. Wound management & prevention 2022. link 83 Rusinovich Y, Rusinovich V. Cardiac response to changes in central venous sonomorphology: Mechanism of impaired heart relaxation in patients with varicose veins of lower extremities. Phlebology 2022. link 84 Almukhtar RM, Goldman MP. Large Varicose Vein Closure: A Comprehensive Review. Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.] 2022. link 85 Zolotukhin I, Golovanova O, Efremova O, Golovina V, Seliverstov E. Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 plasma concentration in blood from varicose veins decreases under venoactive drug treatment. International angiology : a journal of the International Union of Angiology 2022. link 86 Silva MJ, Louzada ACS, da Silva MFA, Portugal MFC, Teivelis MP, Wolosker N. Epidemiology of 869,220 varicose vein surgeries over 12 years in Brazil: trends, costs and mortality rate. Annals of vascular surgery 2022. link 87 Huang Y, Zhang J, Wu H, Zhao J. Relationship between incompetent perforator veins and pigmentation below the knee in patients with chronic venous disease. Journal of vascular surgery. Venous and lymphatic disorders 2022. link 88 Amato R, Dattilo V, Brescia C, D'Antona L, Iuliano R, Trapasso F et al.. Th17-Gene Expression Profile in Patients with Chronic Venous Disease and Venous Ulcers: Genetic Modulations and Preliminary Clinical Evidence. Biomolecules 2022. link 89 Tenezaca-Sari X, García-Reyes M, Escribano-Ferrer JM, Marrero C, Bellmunt-Montoya S. The CHIVA strategy applied to large-diameter saphenous veins. International angiology : a journal of the International Union of Angiology 2022. link 90 Ortega MA, Sáez MA, Fraile-Martínez O, Álvarez-Mon MA, García-Montero C, Guijarro LG et al.. Overexpression of glycolysis markers in placental tissue of pregnant women with chronic venous disease: a histological study. International journal of medical sciences 2022. link 91 Kolluri R, Lugli M, Villalba L, Varcoe R, Maleti O, Gallardo F et al.. An estimate of the economic burden of venous leg ulcers associated with deep venous disease. Vascular medicine (London, England) 2022. link 92 Watanabe S, Okamura A, Iwamoto M, Nagai H, Sumiyoshi A, Tanaka K et al.. A randomized controlled trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of transluminal injection of foam sclerotherapy compared with ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy during endovenous catheter ablation in patients with varicose veins. Journal of vascular surgery. Venous and lymphatic disorders 2022. link 93 Bissacco D, Stegher S, Calliari F, Casana R, Trimarchi S, Viani MP. Relationship between great saphenous vein recanalization, venous symptoms reappearance, and varicose veins recurrence rates after endovenous radiofrequency ablation. Phlebology 2022. link 94 Parsi K, Subramaniam P, Davies AH, Gasparis A, Gloviczki P, Marston WA et al.. Routine use of concurrent fluoroscopic imaging during superficial endovenous interventions: A position statement of the International Union of Phlebology (UIP), the Australasian College of Phlebology (ACP), the Australia and New Zealand Society for Vascular Surgery (ANZSVS), the American Venous Forum (AVF), the American Vein and Lymphatic Society (AVLS), the European College of Phlebology (ECoP) and the Interventional Radiology Society of Australasia (IRSA). Journal of vascular surgery. Venous and lymphatic disorders 2022. link 95 Bossart S, Seyed Jafari SM, Lehmann M, Jossi-Will A, Sane E, Heidemeyer K et al.. Effect of topical application of platelet-rich plasma on chronic venous leg ulcerations. Dermatologic therapy 2022. link 96 Kempeneers AC, Bechter-Hugl B, Thomis S, van den Bussche D, Vuylsteke ME, Vuylsteke MM. A prospective multicenter randomized clinical trial comparing endovenous laser ablation, using a 1470 nm diode laser in combination with a Tulip-TipTM fiber versus radiofrequency (Closure FAST™ VNUS®), in the treatment of primary varicose veins. International angiology : a journal of the International Union of Angiology 2022. link 97 Sermsathanasawadi N, Pruekprasert K, Prapassaro T, Puangpunngam N, Hongku K, Hahtapornsawan S et al.. Thrombus extension after cyanoacrylate closure of incompetent saphenous veins. International angiology : a journal of the International Union of Angiology 2022. link 98 Matei SC, Matei M, Anghel FM, Derban MD, Olariu A, Olariu S. Impact of statin treatment on patients diagnosed with chronic venous disease. Morphological analysis of the venous wall and clinical implications. Phlebology 2022. link 99 Chang SF, Tsai HE, Kuo JT, Ruan YR, Chen CY, Wang SY et al.. Blood Reflux-Induced Epigenetic Factors HDACs and DNMTs Are Associated with the Development of Human Chronic Venous Disease. International journal of molecular sciences 2022. link 100 Caggiati A, Mosti G. Subcutaneous calcifications in legs with chronic venous diseases. Journal of vascular surgery. Venous and lymphatic disorders 2022. link

Original source

[1]
Genome-wide association studies in chronic venous disease: A systematic review. — Soh CL, Tan M, Davies AH, Onida S Journal of vascular surgery. Venous and lymphatic disorders (2026)
[2]
Safety and efficacy for the treatment of C1 and C2 patients with a new method hemodynamic hybrid Nd YAG 1064 LASER and cryosclerotherapy. — Sathler de Melo CC, Faccini FP Journal of vascular surgery. Venous and lymphatic disorders (2026)
[3]
1% polidocanol endovenous microfoam (Varithena — Meissner MH, Di Iorio M, Davies A Phlebology (2026)
[4]
Assessing the Impact of a Training Intervention on Venous Compression Bandaging Application: A Factorial Design Randomised Trial. — Danjou A, Bouisse M, Dumas G, Richaud C, Marchais-Fiot E, Blaise S International wound journal (2026)
[5]
Endovenous welding: Basics and 5-year experience in the use of automatic thermal ablation in the treatment of patients with chronic vein diseases. — Chernukha LM, Horbovets VS, Chekhlov MV, Horbovets SV Phlebology (2026)
[6]
Monoamine oxidases are mediators of oxidative stress in human varicose Veins: interactions with obesity, inflammation, and angiotensin II. — Raţiu S, Sturza A, Muntean PS, Borza C, Bratu T, Muntean DM Molecular and cellular biochemistry (2026)
[7]
Effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on symptoms of chronic venous disease of the lower limbs: A systematic review. — Santos M, Pires R, Ferreira J, Dias-Neto M Vascular medicine (London, England) (2026)
[8]
Minimally invasive management of varicose veins: Bridging the gap between traditional and modern methods. — Ghasemi Gorji M, Fakhraei F, Rafiei A, Karbakhsh Ravari F Vascular (2026)
[9]
Effectiveness of Conservative Treatment on Chronic Venous Disease Symptoms and Quality of Life in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Results from a Subanalysis of the VEIN STEP Observational Study. — Ulloa JH, Tazi Mezalek Z, González Ochoa AJ, Hosseini Sadrabadi F, Blanc-Guillemaud V, Philips JC et al. Vascular health and risk management (2026)
[10]
The cardiovascular impact of chronic venous disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. — Del Río-Solá ML, Cenizo-Revuelta N, Saiz Viloria L, Pedrosa MM, González-Fajardo JA Journal of vascular surgery. Venous and lymphatic disorders (2026)
[11]
Impact of Epitact® Light Legs phlebological insoles on symptoms and quality of life in patients with chronic venous disease. — Béliard S, Lecocq T, Thibert A, Mourot L, Tordi N Vascular diseases (Paris, France) (2026)
[12]
Prevalence of Chronic Venous Disease and Quality of Life in the Adult Greek Population: Results from the VeinProtect Study. — Avgerinos ED, Vasdekis SN, Kardoulas DG, Stefanou G, Kourlaba G, Papageorgiou A European journal of vascular and endovascular surgery : the official journal of the European Society for Vascular Surgery (2026)
[13]
A Comparative Analysis of the European and American Venous Disease Guidelines: Bridging Evidence to Practice Using AGREE II. — Gómez-Gutiérrez OA, Verastegui A, Gonzalez-Urquijo M, Mendoza-Villa VA, Sulvaran-Flores C, Gómez-Guerra E et al. Annals of vascular surgery (2026)
[14]
Generation of an induced pluripotent stem cell line from a patient with Varicose veins. — Noishiki C, Manhas A, Adkar SS, Tripathi D, Wu D, Sadat S et al. Stem cell research (2025)
[15]
Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Based Hydrogel Film Combined with Umbilical Cord Blood Platelet gel as an Innovative Tool for Chronic Wound Management: A Pilot Clinical Study. — Foffa I, Janowska A, Fabbri M, Losi P, Ciabatti E, Gabbriellini S et al. The international journal of lower extremity wounds (2025)
[16]
Effectiveness and tolerability of venoactive drugs combined with compression therapy in the treatment of chronic venous disease CEAP class C6: a prospective, observational study. — Bogachev VY, Boldin BV, Turkin PY, Samenkov A, Dzhenina O, Linnik O et al. International angiology : a journal of the International Union of Angiology (2025)
[17]
High Versus Low Frequency Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation On Chronic Venous Lower Limb Ulceration Randomized Controlled Trial. — Elfahl AM, Abd El Baky AM, Yousef MT, Elgohary HM The international journal of lower extremity wounds (2025)
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