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Gastritis caused by bacterium

Last edited: 4/16/2026

Overview

Gastritis caused by bacteria, particularly Helicobacter pylori, involves inflammation of the gastric mucosa often leading to symptoms such as dyspepsia, nausea, and in chronic cases, peptic ulcer disease and increased risk of gastric cancer 1.

Diagnosis

  • Clinical Symptoms: Dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting 1.
  • Laboratory Tests: Serology for H. pylori antibodies, urea breath test, stool antigen tests 1.
  • Endoscopy: Visual inspection and biopsy for histology and rapid urease test 1.
  • Grading: Histological grading based on severity of inflammation, atrophy, and intestinal metaplasia 1.

    • Management

  • First-Line Treatment: Triple therapy including proton pump inhibitors (PPI) + two antibiotics (e.g., amoxicillin, clarithromycin) 1.
  • Adjunctive Treatments: Quadruple therapy with bismuth subsalicylate in cases of resistance 1.
  • Duration: Typically 7-14 days depending on regimen and resistance patterns 1.

    • Special Populations

  • Pregnancy: Management similar to non-pregnant adults, but careful antibiotic selection to avoid teratogenic risks 1.
  • Pediatrics: Lower doses of PPI and shorter antibiotic courses; consider pediatric formulations 1.
  • Elderly: Increased vigilance for drug interactions and renal function monitoring 1.
  • Comorbidities: Tailor antibiotic choice based on resistance patterns and concurrent conditions 1.

    • Key Recommendations

  • Confirm H. pylori infection using a combination of serology, urea breath test, or stool antigen test before initiating treatment (Evidence: Strong 1).
  • Initiate triple therapy with a PPI and two antibiotics for initial eradication therapy (Evidence: Strong 1).
  • Consider quadruple therapy in regions with high antibiotic resistance rates (Evidence: Moderate 1).

    • References

    1 Alföldi L. Adventures with Bacillus megaterium--fusion of bacterial protoplasts. BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology 1996. link

    Original source

    1. [1]
      Adventures with Bacillus megaterium--fusion of bacterial protoplasts. — Alföldi L BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology (1996)
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