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Otolaryngology (ENT)112 papers

Olfactory reference disorder

Last edited: 4/16/2026

Overview

Olfactory reference disorder is a condition characterized by persistent preoccupation with the belief that one emits an offensive body odor, despite no evidence of such odor and reassurance to the contrary. It often leads to significant distress and functional impairment 1.

Diagnosis

  • Key Diagnostic Criteria: Persistent belief in emitting an unpleasant body odor, despite lack of evidence and reassurance 1.
  • Recommended Tests: Thorough history taking, physical examination, and olfactory testing (e.g., "sniffin' sticks" for sensitivity assessment) 1.
  • Grading: No specific grading system mentioned for olfactory reference disorder in the provided abstracts 1.
  • Management

  • First-Line Treatments: Psychotherapy, particularly cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), aimed at addressing delusional beliefs and improving coping mechanisms 1.
  • Adjunctive Treatments: Antipsychotic medications or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) may be considered in severe cases, though specific dosages are not detailed in the abstracts 1.
  • Special Populations

  • Elderly: Older adults (>50 years) may have a higher risk of developing olfactory disorders, though specific data on olfactory reference disorder in this group is not provided 1.
  • Key Recommendations

  • Conduct thorough olfactory testing and psychological evaluation to rule out other olfactory disorders and confirm the diagnosis of olfactory reference disorder (Evidence: Moderate 1).
  • Initiate treatment with cognitive-behavioral therapy as the primary intervention to address delusional beliefs (Evidence: Expert opinion 1).
  • Consider adjunctive pharmacotherapy with SSRIs or antipsychotics for severe cases, though evidence is limited and should be individualized (Evidence: Weak 1).
  • References

    1 Quint C, Temmel AF, Schickinger B, Pabinger S, Ramberger P, Hummel T. Patterns of non-conductive olfactory disorders in eastern Austria: a study of 120 patients from the Department of Otorhinolaryngology at the University of Vienna. Wiener klinische Wochenschrift 2001. link

    Original source

    1. [1]
      Patterns of non-conductive olfactory disorders in eastern Austria: a study of 120 patients from the Department of Otorhinolaryngology at the University of Vienna.Quint C, Temmel AF, Schickinger B, Pabinger S, Ramberger P, Hummel T Wiener klinische Wochenschrift (2001)

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