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Cardiology384 papers

Posttransfusion purpura

Last edited: 27 days ago

Overview

Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) is a systemic small-vessel vasculitis predominantly affecting children, characterized by non-thrombocytopenic palpable purpura, arthritis, abdominal pain, and renal involvement that can lead to nephritis 1 2 5 15 45.

Diagnosis

Clinical Criteria: Palpable purpura, arthritis or arthralgia, abdominal pain, and renal involvement 1 2 5 15 45.

Laboratory Tests: Elevated serum IgA, proteinuria, hematuria, and elevated inflammatory markers (CRP, procalcitonin) 33 34 43.

Imaging: Ultrasound viscoelastic imaging and radiomics can aid in assessing inflammation and disease severity 2 6.

Biopsy: Skin or renal biopsy showing IgA deposition confirms the diagnosis 22 30 45.

Management

First-Line Treatments:

- Glucocorticoids: Prednisolone or equivalent for moderate to severe cases 5 23 33. - Immunosuppressive Agents: Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) or cyclophosphamide for refractory or severe nephritis 5 25.

Adjunctive Treatments:

- Dapsone: For persistent cutaneous and gastrointestinal symptoms 37. - Intravenous Immunoglobulins (IVIG): For severe hemorrhagic forms 27. - Plasma Exchange: For life-threatening gastrointestinal involvement 48.

Special Populations

Pediatrics: Early intensive treatment improves outcomes in pediatric HSP nephritis 33.

Pregnancy: HSP can occur postpartum and may require specific management considerations 38.

Comorbidities: MEFV gene mutations may be associated with HSP susceptibility in children 65.

Key Recommendations

Initiate glucocorticoids for moderate to severe HSP nephritis (Evidence: Strong 5 23).

Consider immunosuppressive therapy (e.g., MMF) for refractory or severe renal involvement (Evidence: Moderate 5 25).

Use IVIG for severe hemorrhagic forms of HSP (Evidence: Weak 27).

Early intensive treatment is beneficial in pediatric HSP nephritis (Evidence: Moderate 33).

Monitor for MEFV gene mutations in children with HSP for potential genetic predisposition (Evidence: Moderate 65).

References

Showing 100 most recent of 358 indexed papers.

1 Li F, Li H, Li L, Zhang L. Tacrolimus in pediatric patients with Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis: Target concentration range. Archives de pediatrie : organe officiel de la Societe francaise de pediatrie 2026. link 2 Liu Y, Chen J, Pian L, Li C, Han F, Liu M et al.. Ultrasound Viscoelastic Imaging for Pediatric Henoch-Schönlein Purpura Nephritis: A Noninvasive Approach for Diagnosis and Inflammation Assessment. Journal of ultrasound in medicine : official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine 2026. link 3 Lu J, Ma J, Li K, Bao S, Hu Y, Liu Y et al.. ULBP5 mediates the pathogenesis of Henoch-Schönlein Purpura by modulating endothelial cell proliferation and migration. International immunopharmacology 2026. link 4 Sun Y, Yang X, Xi L, Feng Z, Ren X. Correlation between the course of kidney injury and clinicopathology and prognosis of children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis. International urology and nephrology 2025. link 5 Wang D, Liu T, Lu J, Li X, Liu X, Xu W. Efficacy and safety of mycophenolate mofetil versus cyclophosphamide therapy for Henoch schonlein purpura nephritis in children: A meta-analysis. Medicine 2024. link 6 Chen J, Wen Z, Yang X, Jia J, Zhang X, Pian L et al.. Ultrasound-Based Radiomics for the Classification of Henoch-Schönlein Purpura Nephritis in Children. Ultrasonic imaging 2024. link 7 Liu M, Yang Z, Wu Q, Yang Y, Zhao D, Cheng Q et al.. IL-4-secreting CD40L. Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] 2024. link 8 Ames PRJ, Nale K, Malone C. Efficacy of extended microthrombolysis in an elderly lady with purpura fulminans. Blood coagulation & fibrinolysis : an international journal in haemostasis and thrombosis 2023. link 9 Tang Y, Chen W, Li J, Deng Y, Liu S, Zhou X et al.. A disease-targeted picture book for children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis: A quasi-experimental study. Journal of renal care 2023. link 10 Cho S, Jang S, Ryu SS, Park S. Modified Sipjeondaebo-tang (JAROTANG) for Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis (HSPN): Two case reports. Explore (New York, N.Y.) 2023. link 11 Mizuno Y, Norimatsu Y, Ohno Y. Achenbach syndrome in an older man. Clinical and experimental dermatology 2022. link 12 Malone C, Law R, Sargent J, Feighery C. Dramatic cutaneous eruption of nodular purpuric lesions in an otherwise well older man. Clinical and experimental dermatology 2022. link 13 Kang MS, Kwon HJ, Lee JE. Retinal Capillary Reperfusion from Ischemic Retinal Vasculitis in Henoch-Schönlein Purpura: A Case Report. Ocular immunology and inflammation 2022. link 14 Bergallo M, Loiacono E, Galliano I, Montanari P, Peruzzi L, Tovo PA et al.. HERV-K and W expression in peripheral mononuclear cells of children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura and relation with TLR activation. Minerva pediatrics 2022. link 15 Thachil J. History of the word "purpura" and its current relevance. Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH 2021. link 16 Mehra B, Aggarwal V, Wardhan H, Dugaya SK. Severe jejunitis masquerading as intussusception in a case of Henoch-Schönlein purpura. South African journal of surgery. Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir chirurgie 2021. link 17 Caputo V, Bonoldi E, Rongioletti F. Penile Necrosis as a Presenting Sign of Purpura Fulminans Mimicking Fournier's Gangrene. The American Journal of dermatopathology 2021. link 18 Fikse DJ, Grenz PM, Wheatley SM, Fugok KL. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome associated with Henoch Schonlein Purpura in a pediatric patient. The American journal of emergency medicine 2021. link 19 Al E'ed A. Henoch-Schönlein purpura in Saudi Arabia: characteristics and rare vital organ involvement. Minerva pediatrics 2021. link 20 Yılmaz N, Yüksel S, Becerir T, Girişgen İ, Ufuk F, Gürses D et al.. Myocarditis and intracardiac thrombus due to Henoch-Schönlein purpura: case report and literature review. Clinical rheumatology 2021. link 21 Karadağ ŞG, Çakmak F, Çil B, Tanatar A, Sönmez HE, Kıyak A et al.. The relevance of practical laboratory markers in predicting gastrointestinal and renal involvement in children with Henoch-Schönlein Purpura. Postgraduate medicine 2021. link 22 Kurt-Şükür ED, Sekar T, Tullus K. Biopsy-proven Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis: a single center experience. Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) 2021. link 23 Baumrin E, Azzawi S, St John J, Hoang MP, Chen S, Bay CP et al.. Prognostic implications of normal or minimal urinary findings on long-term renal impairment in adults with Henoch-Schönlein purpura. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 2020. link 24 Georgesen C, Fox LP, Harp J. Retiform purpura: Workup and therapeutic considerations in select conditions. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 2020. link 25 Xu Y, Wang JJ, Liu FF, Wu Y, Wu YF, Samadli S et al.. Predisposing factors of childhood Henoch-Schönlein purpura in Anhui province, China. Journal of investigative medicine : the official publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research 2019. link 26 Miray Kisla Ekinci R, Balci S, Serbes M, Duyuler Ayçin G, Dogruel D, Ufuk Altintas D et al.. Recurrent Henoch Schönlein purpura without renal involvement successfully treated with methotrexate. Scottish medical journal 2019. link 27 Mauro A, Mauro S, Rega R, Martemucci L, Sottile R. Successful treatment of hemorrhagic bullous Henoch-Schonlein purpura with intravenous immunoglobulins. Pediatric dermatology 2019. link 28 Kisla Ekinci RM, Balcı S, Mart OO, Tumgor G, Yavuz S, Celik H et al.. Is Henoch-Schönlein purpura a susceptibility factor for functional gastrointestinal disorders in children?. Rheumatology international 2019. link 29 Shimoyama T, Matsuda N, Kurobe M, Hayakawa T, Nishioka M, Shimohira M et al.. Colonoscopic diagnosis and reduction of recurrent intussusception owing to Henoch-Schönlein purpura without purpura. Paediatrics and international child health 2019. link 30 Yang XQ, Huang YJ, Zhai WS, Ren XQ, Guo QY, Zhang X et al.. Correlation between endocapillary proliferative and nephrotic-range proteinuria in children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis. Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) 2019. link 31 Maxfield L, Peck A, Youngblood LB. Adult Henolch-Schonlein purpura: multiorgan failure in the setting of a purpuric rash. BMJ case reports 2018. link 32 Humbert P, Fanian F, Lihoreau T, Jeudy A, Pierard GE. Bateman purpura (dermatoporosis): a localized scurvy treated by topical vitamin C - double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV 2018. link 33 Hennies I, Gimpel C, Gellermann J, Möller K, Mayer B, Dittrich K et al.. Presentation of pediatric Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis changes with age and renal histology depends on biopsy timing. Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) 2018. link 34 Purevdorj N, Mu Y, Gu Y, Zheng F, Wang R, Yu J et al.. Clinical significance of the serum biomarker index detection in children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura. Clinical biochemistry 2018. link 35 Teng X, Gao C, Sun M, Wu J. Clinical significance of fecal calprotectin for the early diagnosis of abdominal type of Henoch-Schonlein purpura in children. Clinical rheumatology 2018. link 36 Shi X, Li WC, Mo LJ, Li XH, Luo YZ, Qin LQ et al.. Altered mean platelet volume in children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura and its association with disease activity. Annals of clinical biochemistry 2018. link 37 Volejnikova J, Horacek J, Kopriva F. Dapsone treatment is efficient against persistent cutaneous and gastrointestinal symptoms in children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura. Biomedical papers of the Medical Faculty of the University Palacky, Olomouc, Czechoslovakia 2018. link 38 Nagai K, Kishi J, Morizumi S, Minakuchi J, Bando Y, Nishioka Y et al.. Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis occurring postpartum in a patient with anti-PL-7 anti-synthetase syndrome. Modern rheumatology 2017. link 39 Xiong S, Xiong Y, Huang Q, Wang J, Zhang X. The association between MEFV gene polymorphisms and Henoch-Schönlein purpura, and additional SNP-SNP interactions in Chinese Han children. Rheumatology international 2017. link 40 Jeffery S. Case 15: use as an instillation solution with NPWT. Journal of wound care 2016. link 41 Elmas AT, Tabel Y. Platelet Counts in Children With Henoch-Schonlein Purpura--Relationship to Renal Involvement. Journal of clinical laboratory analysis 2016. link 42 Ding GX, Wang CH, Che RC, Guan WZ, Yuan YG, Su M et al.. Heat shock protein 70-2 and tumor necrosis factor-α gene polymorphisms in Chinese children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura. World journal of pediatrics : WJP 2016. link 43 Teng X, Wang Y, Lin N, Sun M, Wu J. Evaluation of serum procalcitonin and C-reactive protein levels as biomarkers of Henoch-Schönlein purpura in pediatric patients. Clinical rheumatology 2016. link 44 Chen AC, Lin CL, Shen TC, Li TC, Sung FC, Wei CC. Association between allergic diseases and risks of HSP and HSP nephritis: a population-based study. Pediatric research 2016. link 45 Pohl M. Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis. Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) 2015. link 46 Yüksel S, Çağlar M, Evrengül H, Becerir T, Tepeli E, Ergin A et al.. Could serum pentraxin 3 levels and IgM deposition in skin biopsies predict subsequent renal involvement in children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura?. Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) 2015. link 47 Tudorache E, Azema C, Hogan J, Wannous H, Aoun B, Decramer S et al.. Even mild cases of paediatric Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis show significant long-term proteinuria. Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) 2015. link 48 Başaran Ö, Cakar N, Uncu N, Çelikel BA, Kara A, Cayci FS et al.. Plasma exchange therapy for severe gastrointestinal involvement of Henoch Schönlein purpura in children. Clinical and experimental rheumatology 2015. link 49 Lu S, Liu D, Xiao J, Yuan W, Wang X, Zhang X et al.. Comparison between adults and children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis. Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) 2015. link 50 Yu HH, Liu PH, Yang YH, Lee JH, Wang LC, Chen WJ et al.. Chemokine MCP1/CCL2 and RANTES/CCL5 gene polymorphisms influence Henoch-Schönlein purpura susceptibility and severity. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association = Taiwan yi zhi 2015. link 51 Mao S, Huang S. Association of AGT M235T gene polymorphism with HSP/HSPN risk. Renal failure 2015. link 52 Cayci FS, Ekim M, Egin Y, Gökce H, Yalcinkaya F, Ozcakar B et al.. An analysis of the levels of the soluble form of the endothelial protein C receptor in children with Henoch-Schönlein Purpura. Pediatric hematology and oncology 2015. link 53 Chen J, Fang X, Dang X, Wu X, Yi Z. Association of the paired box 2 gene polymorphism with the susceptibility and pathogenesis of Henoch‑Schönlein purpura in children. Molecular medicine reports 2015. link 54 Hernstadt HM, Bartlett M, Kausman JY, Macgregor D, Akikusa JD. Complicated Henoch-Schönlein purpura. Journal of paediatrics and child health 2015. link 55 Huang YJ, Yang XQ, Zhai WS, Ren XQ, Guo QY, Zhang X et al.. Clinicopathological features and prognosis of membranoproliferative-like Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis in children. World journal of pediatrics : WJP 2015. link 56 Dhir V, Pinto B, Anakutti HP, Yadav MK, Sharma S, Sharma A. Henoch-Schönlein purpura: hitting the 'target' on CT. Arab journal of gastroenterology : the official publication of the Pan-Arab Association of Gastroenterology 2014. link 57 Rathore M, Shrivastava R, Goyal R, Radotra BD, Thapa BR. Henoch Schönlein purpura presenting as duodenal ulcer and gastric outlet obstruction. Indian journal of pediatrics 2014. link 58 Ge W, Wang HL, Sun RP. Pentraxin 3 as a novel early biomarker for the prediction of Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis in children. European journal of pediatrics 2014. link 59 Yiallouros P, Moustaki M, Voutsioti A, Sharifi F, Karpathios T. Association of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection with Henoch-Schonlein purpura. Prague medical report 2013. link 60 Chen T, Jia RZ, Guo ZP, Cao N, Li MM, Jiao XY. Elevated serum interleukin-33 levels in patients with Henoch-Schönlein purpura. Archives of dermatological research 2013. link 61 Rajagopala S, Shobha V, Devaraj U, D'Souza G, Garg I. Pulmonary hemorrhage in Henoch-Schönlein purpura: case report and systematic review of the english literature. Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism 2013. link 62 Aaron S, Al-Watban L, Manca D. Scrotal involvement in an adult with Henoch-Schönlein purpura. Clinical rheumatology 2013. link 63 Poterucha TJ, Wetter DA, Gibson LE, Camilleri MJ, Lohse CM. Histopathology and correlates of systemic disease in adult Henoch-Schönlein purpura: a retrospective study of microscopic and clinical findings in 68 patients at Mayo Clinic. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 2013. link 64 de Castro SM, Joosse P, Unlü C, Steller EP. Henoch-Schönlein disease localized in the appendix. Indian journal of pediatrics 2013. link 65 Dogan CS, Akman S, Koyun M, Bilgen T, Comak E, Gokceoglu AU. Prevalence and significance of the MEFV gene mutations in childhood Henoch-Schönlein purpura without FMF symptoms. Rheumatology international 2013. link 66 Januário G, Santiago F. Case for diagnosis. Anais brasileiros de dermatologia 2012. link 67 Sibartie V, O'Leary P, Peirce TH. Mesenteric vasculitis in adults with Henoch-Schonlein purpura: a not-so-benign condition. Irish journal of medical science 2012. link 68 Li YY, Li CR, Wang GB, Yang J, Zu Y. Investigation of the change in CD4⁺ T cell subset in children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura. Rheumatology international 2012. link 69 Kaur S, Maheshwari A, Aneja S, Seth A, Beri S, Agarwal S et al.. Henoch-Schönlein purpura with uveitis: an unusual case and review of literature. Rheumatology international 2012. link 70 Linskey KR, Kroshinsky D, Mihm MC, Hoang MP. Immunoglobulin-A--associated small-vessel vasculitis: a 10-year experience at the Massachusetts General Hospital. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 2012. link 71 Tabel Y, Mir S, Berdeli A. Interleukin 8 gene 2767 A/G polymorphism is associated with increased risk of nephritis in children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura. Rheumatology international 2012. link 72 Veetil BM, Reed AM, Mattke AC. Coronary artery thickening with mucosal lesions in Henoch-Schönlein purpura. Pediatric dermatology 2012. link 73 Deng F, Lu L, Zhang Q, Hu B, Xia X. Improved outcome of Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis by early intensive treatment. Indian journal of pediatrics 2012. link 74 Yuan LP, Ling L, Bo H. T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing molecule 1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in Henoch Schonlein purpura. Indian pediatrics 2012. link 75 Inoue CN, Matsutani S, Ishidoya M, Homma R, Chiba Y, Nagasaka T. Periodontal and ENT therapy in the treatment of pediatric Henoch-Schönlein purpura and IgA nephropathy. Advances in oto-rhino-laryngology 2011. link 76 da Rosa RS, Garcia RC, Cury AA, Faot F. Management of the oral manifestations of senile purpura in an edentulous patient: a case report. Special care in dentistry : official publication of the American Association of Hospital Dentists, the Academy of Dentistry for the Handicapped, and the American Society for Geriatric Dentistry 2011. link 77 Dursun I, Düsünsel R, Poyrazoglu HM, Gunduz Z, Patıroglu T, Ulger H et al.. Circulating endothelial microparticles in children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura; preliminary results. Rheumatology international 2011. link 78 Saps M, Dhroove G, Chogle A. Henoch-Schonlein purpura leads to functional gastrointestinal disorders. Digestive diseases and sciences 2011. link 79 Shin JI, Lee SJ, Lee JS, Kim KH. Intravenous dexamethasone followed by oral prednisolone versus oral prednisolone in the treatment of childhood Henoch-Schönlein purpura. Rheumatology international 2011. link 80 Park JM, Won SC, Shin JI, Yim H, Pai KS. Cyclosporin A therapy for Henoch-Schönlein nephritis with nephrotic-range proteinuria. Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) 2011. link 81 Chen T, Guo ZP, Zhang YH, Gao Y, Liu HJ, Li JY. Elevated serum heme oxygenase-1 and insulin-like growth factor-1 levels in patients with Henoch-Schonlein purpura. Rheumatology international 2011. link 82 Iwazu Y, Akimoto T, Muto S, Kusano E. Clinical remission of Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis after a monotherapeutic tonsillectomy. Clinical and experimental nephrology 2011. link 83 Qin W, Hongya W, Yongjing C, Fang X, Yue M, Xuekun Z et al.. Increased OX40 and soluble OX40 ligands in children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura: association with renal involvement. Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology 2011. link 84 Watanabe T. Henoch-Schönlein purpura following influenza vaccinations during the pandemic of influenza A (H1N1). Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) 2011. link 85 Soylu A, Kizildağ S, Kavukçu S, Cingöz S, Türkmen M, Demir BK et al.. TLR-2 Arg753Gln, TLR-4 Asp299Gly, and TLR-4 Thr399Ile polymorphisms in Henoch Schonlein purpura with and without renal involvement. Rheumatology international 2010. link 86 McCarthy HJ, Tizard EJ. Clinical practice: Diagnosis and management of Henoch-Schönlein purpura. European journal of pediatrics 2010. link 87 Penny K, Fleming M, Kazmierczak D, Thomas A. An epidemiological study of Henoch-Schönlein purpura. Paediatric nursing 2010. link 88 Den Boer SL, Pasmans S, Wulffraat NM, Ramakers-Van Woerden NL, Bousema MT. Bullous lesions in Henoch Schönlein Purpura as indication to start systemic prednisone. Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) 2010. link 89 Deng F, Lu L, Zhang Q, Hu B, Wang SJ, Huang N. Henoch-Schönlein purpura in childhood: treatment and prognosis. Analysis of 425 cases over a 5-year period. Clinical rheumatology 2010. link 90 Trapani S, Mariotti P, Resti M, Nappini L, de Martino M, Falcini F. Severe hemorrhagic bullous lesions in Henoch Schonlein purpura: three pediatric cases and review of the literature. Rheumatology international 2010. link 91 Lau KK, Suzuki H, Novak J, Wyatt RJ. Pathogenesis of Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis. Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) 2010. link 92 Brostoff JM, Ranganna GM, Colaco CB. Henoch-Schonlein Purpura with thrombocythaemia: an abnormality in Smad4 expression?. Rheumatology international 2009. link 93 Ohnuma K, Hosono O, Kawasaki H, Yoshikawa N, Katayose T, Oyaizu N et al.. An adult case of Henoch-Schönlein purpura complicating common peroneal nerve mononeuropathy. Modern rheumatology 2009. link 94 Hashimoto A, Matsushita R, Iizuka N, Kimura M, Matsui T, Tanaka S et al.. Henoch-Schönlein pupura complicated by perforation of the gallbladder. Rheumatology international 2009. link 95 Mahajan V, Singh S, Khullar M, Minz RW. Serum and urine nitric oxide levels in children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura during activity and remission: a study from North India. Rheumatology international 2009. link 96 Chartapisak W, Opastiraku S, Willis NS, Craig JC, Hodson EM. Prevention and treatment of renal disease in Henoch-Schönlein purpura: a systematic review. Archives of disease in childhood 2009. link 97 Sexton K, McNicholas A, Galloway Y, Radke S, Kieft C, Stehr-Green P et al.. Henoch-Schönlein purpura and meningococcal B vaccination. Archives of disease in childhood 2009. link 98 Fretzayas A, Sionti I, Moustaki M, Nicolaidou P. Clinical impact of altered immunoglobulin levels in Henoch-Schönlein purpura. Pediatrics international : official journal of the Japan Pediatric Society 2009. link 99 Yang YH, Chuang YH, Wang LC, Huang HY, Gershwin ME, Chiang BL. The immunobiology of Henoch-Schönlein purpura. Autoimmunity reviews 2008. link 100 Sugimoto T, Tsuda A, Kito K, Uzu T, Kashiwagi A. Henoch-Schönlein purpura in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Rheumatology international 2008. link

Original source

[1]
Tacrolimus in pediatric patients with Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis: Target concentration range. — Li F, Li H, Li L, Zhang L Archives de pediatrie : organe officiel de la Societe francaise de pediatrie (2026)
[2]
Ultrasound Viscoelastic Imaging for Pediatric Henoch-Schönlein Purpura Nephritis: A Noninvasive Approach for Diagnosis and Inflammation Assessment. — Liu Y, Chen J, Pian L, Li C, Han F, Liu M et al. Journal of ultrasound in medicine : official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine (2026)
[3]
ULBP5 mediates the pathogenesis of Henoch-Schönlein Purpura by modulating endothelial cell proliferation and migration. — Lu J, Ma J, Li K, Bao S, Hu Y, Liu Y et al. International immunopharmacology (2026)
[4]
Correlation between the course of kidney injury and clinicopathology and prognosis of children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis. — Sun Y, Yang X, Xi L, Feng Z, Ren X International urology and nephrology (2025)
[5]
Efficacy and safety of mycophenolate mofetil versus cyclophosphamide therapy for Henoch schonlein purpura nephritis in children: A meta-analysis. — Wang D, Liu T, Lu J, Li X, Liu X, Xu W Medicine (2024)
[6]
Ultrasound-Based Radiomics for the Classification of Henoch-Schönlein Purpura Nephritis in Children. — Chen J, Wen Z, Yang X, Jia J, Zhang X, Pian L et al. Ultrasonic imaging (2024)
[7]
IL-4-secreting CD40L — Liu M, Yang Z, Wu Q, Yang Y, Zhao D, Cheng Q et al. Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] (2024)
[8]
Efficacy of extended microthrombolysis in an elderly lady with purpura fulminans. — Ames PRJ, Nale K, Malone C Blood coagulation & fibrinolysis : an international journal in haemostasis and thrombosis (2023)
[9]
A disease-targeted picture book for children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis: A quasi-experimental study. — Tang Y, Chen W, Li J, Deng Y, Liu S, Zhou X et al. Journal of renal care (2023)
[10]
Modified Sipjeondaebo-tang (JAROTANG) for Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis (HSPN): Two case reports. — Cho S, Jang S, Ryu SS, Park S Explore (New York, N.Y.) (2023)
[11]
Achenbach syndrome in an older man. — Mizuno Y, Norimatsu Y, Ohno Y Clinical and experimental dermatology (2022)
[12]
Dramatic cutaneous eruption of nodular purpuric lesions in an otherwise well older man. — Malone C, Law R, Sargent J, Feighery C Clinical and experimental dermatology (2022)
[13]
Retinal Capillary Reperfusion from Ischemic Retinal Vasculitis in Henoch-Schönlein Purpura: A Case Report. — Kang MS, Kwon HJ, Lee JE Ocular immunology and inflammation (2022)
[14]
HERV-K and W expression in peripheral mononuclear cells of children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura and relation with TLR activation. — Bergallo M, Loiacono E, Galliano I, Montanari P, Peruzzi L, Tovo PA et al. Minerva pediatrics (2022)
[15]
History of the word "purpura" and its current relevance. — Thachil J Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH (2021)
[16]
Severe jejunitis masquerading as intussusception in a case of Henoch-Schönlein purpura. — Mehra B, Aggarwal V, Wardhan H, Dugaya SK South African journal of surgery. Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir chirurgie (2021)
[17]
Penile Necrosis as a Presenting Sign of Purpura Fulminans Mimicking Fournier's Gangrene. — Caputo V, Bonoldi E, Rongioletti F The American Journal of dermatopathology (2021)
[18]
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome associated with Henoch Schonlein Purpura in a pediatric patient. — Fikse DJ, Grenz PM, Wheatley SM, Fugok KL The American journal of emergency medicine (2021)
[19]
Henoch-Schönlein purpura in Saudi Arabia: characteristics and rare vital organ involvement. — Al E'ed A Minerva pediatrics (2021)
[20]
Myocarditis and intracardiac thrombus due to Henoch-Schönlein purpura: case report and literature review. — Yılmaz N, Yüksel S, Becerir T, Girişgen İ, Ufuk F, Gürses D et al. Clinical rheumatology (2021)
[21]
The relevance of practical laboratory markers in predicting gastrointestinal and renal involvement in children with Henoch-Schönlein Purpura. — Karadağ ŞG, Çakmak F, Çil B, Tanatar A, Sönmez HE, Kıyak A et al. Postgraduate medicine (2021)
[22]
Biopsy-proven Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis: a single center experience. — Kurt-Şükür ED, Sekar T, Tullus K Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) (2021)
[23]
Prognostic implications of normal or minimal urinary findings on long-term renal impairment in adults with Henoch-Schönlein purpura. — Baumrin E, Azzawi S, St John J, Hoang MP, Chen S, Bay CP et al. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2020)
[24]
Retiform purpura: Workup and therapeutic considerations in select conditions. — Georgesen C, Fox LP, Harp J Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2020)
[25]
Predisposing factors of childhood Henoch-Schönlein purpura in Anhui province, China. — Xu Y, Wang JJ, Liu FF, Wu Y, Wu YF, Samadli S et al. Journal of investigative medicine : the official publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research (2019)
[26]
Recurrent Henoch Schönlein purpura without renal involvement successfully treated with methotrexate. — Miray Kisla Ekinci R, Balci S, Serbes M, Duyuler Ayçin G, Dogruel D, Ufuk Altintas D et al. Scottish medical journal (2019)
[27]
Successful treatment of hemorrhagic bullous Henoch-Schonlein purpura with intravenous immunoglobulins. — Mauro A, Mauro S, Rega R, Martemucci L, Sottile R Pediatric dermatology (2019)
[28]
Is Henoch-Schönlein purpura a susceptibility factor for functional gastrointestinal disorders in children? — Kisla Ekinci RM, Balcı S, Mart OO, Tumgor G, Yavuz S, Celik H et al. Rheumatology international (2019)
[29]
Colonoscopic diagnosis and reduction of recurrent intussusception owing to Henoch-Schönlein purpura without purpura. — Shimoyama T, Matsuda N, Kurobe M, Hayakawa T, Nishioka M, Shimohira M et al. Paediatrics and international child health (2019)
[30]
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