Acromegaly

Overview

Diagnosis

Management

Special Populations

Key Recommendations

References

Showing 100 most recent of 190 indexed papers.

1 Vos MJ, Postma MR, Lentjes EG, Habich-Reijntjes L, Kelly D, Muller Kobold A et al.. Clinical performance of an IGF1 LC-MS/MS assay and associated normative dataset in routine endocrinology. European journal of endocrinology 2026. link 2 Costa D, Giuliani G, Martines V, Pellicano C, Mercuri V, Di Piero V et al.. Exploring Brain Parenchymal Changes in Acromegaly: Focus on White Matter Hyperintensities. Clinical endocrinology 2026. link 3 Zhang B, Xue L, Wu ZB. Structure and Function of Somatostatin and Its Receptors in Endocrinology. Endocrine reviews 2025. link 4 Uygur MM, Yaşar M, Uygur SÖ, Yazici DD, Yavuz DG. Association of skin autofluorescence and carotid intima-media thickness in acromegaly patients. Minerva endocrinology 2025. link 5 Wang X, Fan MJ, Yu YF, Fan XY, Chen J, Lai YF et al.. Acromegaly presented with acne vulgaris: a retrospective study with 123 cases. Journal of endocrinological investigation 2024. link 6 Arici FN, Gulumsek E, Ozturk HA, Avci BS, Sumbul HE. The relationship between morning blood pressure surge and serum IGF-1 level in acromegaly patients with hypertension. Irish journal of medical science 2024. link 7 Kocabas GU, Yurekli BS, Simsir IY, Ozgur S, Aksit M, Bozkaya G. Assessment of osteoprotegerin and RANKL levels and several cardiovascular risk scoring systems in acromegaly. Hormones (Athens, Greece) 2024. link 8 Alnaaim SA, Al-Kuraishy HM, Zailaie MM, Alexiou A, Papadakis M, Saad HM et al.. The potential link between acromegaly and risk of acute ischemic stroke in patients with pituitary adenoma: a new perspective. Acta neurologica Belgica 2024. link 9 Bandeira DB, Olivatti TOF, Bolfi F, Boguszewski CL, Dos Santos Nunes-Nogueira V. Acromegaly and pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pituitary 2022. link 10 Guo X, Wang Y, Yao Y, Bao X, Duan L, Zhu H et al.. Sub-macroscopic skin presentation of acromegaly and effect of pituitary tumor surgery: A study using dermatoscopy and ultra-high-frequency ultrasound. Frontiers in endocrinology 2022. link 11 Sendur SN, Hazirolan T, Aydin B, Lay I, Alikasifoglu M, Erbas T. Specific FSTL1 polymorphism may determine the risk of cardiomyopathy in patients with acromegaly. Acta cardiologica 2022. link 12 Can M, Kocabas M, Karakose M, Yerlikaya FH, Alsancak Y, Turkmen K et al.. Arterial Stiffness, Carotid Intima-Media Thickness, Endocan, and A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase With Thrombospondin Type I Motif 9 Levels and Their Relationship With Disease Activity in Patients With Acromegaly With and Without Cardiovascular Risk Factors. Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists 2022. link 13 de Almeida MCC, Freire CMV, Nunes MDCP, Soares BS, Barbosa MM, Giannetti AV et al.. "Subclinical atherosclerosis in acromegaly: Possible association with cardiovascular risk factors rather than disease activity". Growth hormone & IGF research : official journal of the Growth Hormone Research Society and the International IGF Research Society 2022. link 14 Hong S, Kim KS, Han K, Park CY. Acromegaly and cardiovascular outcomes: a cohort study. European heart journal 2022. link 15 Kamenický P, Maione L, Chanson P. Cardiovascular complications of acromegaly. Annales d'endocrinologie 2021. link 16 Borgen AE, Bugge ABD, Lund EL, Banner J. Undiagnosed acromegaly as an underlying cause of sudden death. Forensic science, medicine, and pathology 2021. link 17 Hinojosa-Amaya JM, Varlamov EV, Yedinak CG, Cetas JS, McCartney S, Banskota S et al.. Echocardiographic findings in acromegaly: prevalence of concentric left ventricular remodeling in a large single-center cohort. Journal of endocrinological investigation 2021. link 18 Terzolo M, Puglisi S, Reimondo G, Dimopoulou C, Stalla GK. Thyroid and colorectal cancer screening in acromegaly patients: should it be different from that in the general population?. European journal of endocrinology 2020. link 19 Cozzi R, Ambrosio MR, Attanasio R, Bozzao A, De Marinis L, De Menis E et al.. Italian Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AME) and Italian AACE Chapter Position Statement for Clinical Practice: Acromegaly - Part 2: Therapeutic Issues. Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets 2020. link 20 Parolin M, Dassie F, Vettor R, Maffei P. Acromegaly and ultrasound: how, when and why?. Journal of endocrinological investigation 2020. link 21 Colao A, Grasso LFS, Di Cera M, Thompson-Leduc P, Cheng WY, Cheung HC et al.. Association between biochemical control and comorbidities in patients with acromegaly: an Italian longitudinal retrospective chart review study. Journal of endocrinological investigation 2020. link 22 Park KH, Lee EJ, Seo GH, Ku CR. Risk for Acromegaly-related Comorbidities by Sex in Korean Acromegaly. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2020. link 23 Chin SO, Ku CR, Kim BJ, Kim SW, Park KH, Song KH et al.. Medical Treatment with Somatostatin Analogues in Acromegaly: Position Statement. Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea) 2019. link 24 Bolanowski M, Ruchała M, Zgliczyński W, Kos-Kudła B, Hubalewska-Dydejczyk A, Lewiński A. Diagnostics and treatment of acromegaly - updated recommendations of the Polish Society of Endocrinology. Endokrynologia Polska 2019. link 25 Sumbul HE, Koc AS. Hypertension is Common in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Acromegaly and is Independently Associated with Renal Resistive Index. High blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension 2019. link 26 Briet C, Ilie MD, Kuhn E, Maione L, Brailly-Tabard S, Salenave S et al.. Changes in metabolic parameters and cardiovascular risk factors after therapeutic control of acromegaly vary with the treatment modality. Data from the Bicêtre cohort, and review of the literature. Endocrine 2019. link 27 García-Álvarez M, Climent V. Sleep apnea and cardiovascular complications of the acromegaly. Response to the medical treatment. Minerva endocrinologica 2019. link 28 Demirpence M, Guler A, Yilmaz H, Sayin A, Pekcevik Y, Turkon H et al.. Is elevated urotensin II level a predictor for increased cardiovascular risk in subjects with acromegaly?. Journal of endocrinological investigation 2019. link 29 Wang JY, Hu YM, Liu JX, Luo XJ. Cardiac resynchronization therapy improves heart failure in one patient with acromegaly-induced cardiomyopathy: a case report. Journal of medical case reports 2019. link 30 Colao A, Grasso LFS, Di Somma C, Pivonello R. Acromegaly and Heart Failure. Heart failure clinics 2019. link 31 Wu TE, Chen HS. Increased prevalence of proliferative retinopathy in patients with acromegaly. Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA 2018. link 32 Guo X, Fu H, Pang H, Xing B. Risk of left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic and systolic dysfunction in Acromegaly: A meta-analysis. Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia 2018. link 33 Zhou H, Zha Z, Li X, Chen X, Wang J, Su Z. Endoscopic therapy and curative effect in pituitary adenoma patients complicated by acromegalic cardiomyopathy. Neurosurgical review 2018. link 34 Ohno H, Yoneoka Y, Jinguji S, Watanabe N, Okada M, Fujii Y. Has acromegaly been diagnosed earlier?. Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia 2018. link 35 Kormányos Á, Domsik P, Kalapos A, Orosz A, Lengyel C, Valkusz Z et al.. Left ventricular twist is impaired in acromegaly: Insights from the three-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiographic MAGYAR-Path Study. Journal of clinical ultrasound : JCU 2018. link 36 Tellatin S, Maffei P, Osto E, Dassie F, Famoso G, Montisci R et al.. Coronary microvascular dysfunction may be related to IGF-1 in acromegalic patients and can be restored by therapy. Atherosclerosis 2018. link 37 Apaydin T, Ozkaya HM, Keskin FE, Haliloglu OA, Karababa K, Erdem S et al.. Daily life reflections of acromegaly guidelines. Journal of endocrinological investigation 2017. link 38 Calderón MD, Delgado E, García Campos F. Acromegaly and associated tumours: what should gastroenterologists know?. Gastroenterologia y hepatologia 2017. link 39 Lesén E, Granfeldt D, Houchard A, Dinet J, Berthon A, Olsson DS et al.. Comorbidities, treatment patterns and cost-of-illness of acromegaly in Sweden: a register-linkage population-based study. European journal of endocrinology 2017. link 40 Aulinas A, Crespo I, Viladés D, Leta R, Urgell E, Biagetti B et al.. Cystatin-C and epicardial adipose tissue as noninvasive predictors of cardiovascular risk in acromegaly. Clinical endocrinology 2017. link 41 Prencipe N, Floriani I, Guaraldi F, Di Giacomo SV, Cannavo S, Arnaldi G et al.. ACROSCORE: a new and simple tool for the diagnosis of acromegaly, a rare and underdiagnosed disease. Clinical endocrinology 2016. link 42 Dal J, Feldt-Rasmussen U, Andersen M, Kristensen LØ, Laurberg P, Pedersen L et al.. Acromegaly incidence, prevalence, complications and long-term prognosis: a nationwide cohort study. European journal of endocrinology 2016. link 43 Abreu A, Tovar AP, Castellanos R, Valenzuela A, Giraldo CM, Pinedo AC et al.. Challenges in the diagnosis and management of acromegaly: a focus on comorbidities. Pituitary 2016. link 44 Dargad RR, Parekh JD, Dargad RR. Acromegaly with Dilated Cardiomyopathy. The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India 2016. link 45 Varadhan L, Reulen RC, Brown M, Clayton RN. The role of cumulative growth hormone exposure in determining mortality and morbidity in acromegaly: a single centre study. Pituitary 2016. link 46 Teive HA, Lima PM, Germiniani FM, Boguszewski CL. In the land of giants: the legacy of José Dantas de Souza Leite. Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria 2015. link 47 Fleseriu M, Hoffman AR, Katznelson L. AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGISTS AND AMERICAN COLLEGE OF ENDOCRINOLOGY DISEASE STATE CLINICAL REVIEW: MANAGEMENT OF ACROMEGALY PATIENTS: WHAT IS THE ROLE OF PRE-OPERATIVE MEDICAL THERAPY?. Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists 2015. link 48 An Z, He YQ, Liu GH, Ge LL, Zhang WQ. Malignant ventricular tachycardia in acromegaly: a case report. Sao Paulo medical journal = Revista paulista de medicina 2015. link 49 Katznelson L, Laws ER, Melmed S, Molitch ME, Murad MH, Utz A et al.. Acromegaly: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2014. link 50 Jara A, Benner CM, Sim D, Liu X, List EO, Householder LA et al.. Elevated systolic blood pressure in male GH transgenic mice is age dependent. Endocrinology 2014. link 51 Topaloglu O, Sayki Arslan M, Turak O, Ginis Z, Sahin M, Cebeci M et al.. Three noninvasive methods in the evaluation of subclinical cardiovascular disease in patients with acromegaly: epicardial fat thickness, aortic stiffness and serum cell adhesion molecules. Clinical endocrinology 2014. link 52 Ragonese M, Alibrandi A, Di Bella G, Salamone I, Puglisi S, Cotta OR et al.. Cardiovascular events in acromegaly: distinct role of Agatston and Framingham score in the 5-year prediction. Endocrine 2014. link 53 Akoglu G, Metin A, Emre S, Ersoy R, Cakir B. Cutaneous findings in patients with acromegaly. Acta dermatovenerologica Croatica : ADC 2013. link 54 Mosca S, Paolillo S, Colao A, Bossone E, Cittadini A, Iudice FL et al.. Cardiovascular involvement in patients affected by acromegaly: an appraisal. International journal of cardiology 2013. link 55 Kırış A, Erem C, Turan OE, Civan N, Kırış G, Nuhoğlu I et al.. Left ventricular synchronicity is impaired in patients with active acromegaly. Endocrine 2013. link 56 Unubol M, Eryilmaz U, Guney E, Ture M, Akgullu C. QT dispersion in patients with acromegaly. Endocrine 2013. link 57 Bozok Cetintas V, Zengi A, Tetik A, Karadeniz M, Ergonen F, Kucukaslan AS et al.. Does Apolipoprotein E genotype affect cardiovascular risk in subjects with acromegaly?. Endocrine 2012. link 58 Pappa T, Papanastasiou L, Koutmos S, Tsiavos V, Roussaki P, Zilos A et al.. Pattern of adrenal morphology and function in patients with acromegaly. European journal of clinical investigation 2012. link 59 Omoto T, Tedoriya T, Oi M, Nagano N, Miyauchi T, Ishikawa N. Mitral valve repair in a patient with acromegaly. Annals of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery : official journal of the Association of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeons of Asia 2012. link 60 Xekouki P, Pacak K, Almeida M, Wassif CA, Rustin P, Nesterova M et al.. Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) D subunit (SDHD) inactivation in a growth-hormone-producing pituitary tumor: a new association for SDH?. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2012. link 61 Dassie F, Grillo A, Carretta R, Fabris B, Macaluso L, Bardelli M et al.. Ambulatory arterial stiffness indexes in acromegaly. European journal of endocrinology 2012. link 62 Giustina A, Bronstein MD, Casanueva FF, Chanson P, Ghigo E, Ho KK et al.. Current management practices for acromegaly: an international survey. Pituitary 2011. link 63 Mammis A, Eloy JA, Liu JK. Early descriptions of acromegaly and gigantism and their historical evolution as clinical entities. Neurosurgical focus 2010. link 64 Login IS, Login J. Governor Pio Pico, the monster of California...no more: lessons in neuroendocrinology. Pituitary 2010. link 65 Fiebrich HB, Van Den Berg G, Kema IP, Links TP, Kleibeuker JH, Van Beek AP et al.. Deficiencies in fat-soluble vitamins in long-term users of somatostatin analogue. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 2010. link 66 Kartal I, Oflaz H, Pamukçu B, Meriç M, Aral F, Ozbey N et al.. Investigation of early atherosclerotic changes in acromegalic patients. International journal of clinical practice 2010. link 67 Arikan S, Bahceci M, Tuzcu A, Gokalp D. N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide in newly diagnosed acromegaly. Journal of endocrinological investigation 2010. link 68 Yokota F, Arima H, Hirano M, Uchikawa T, Inden Y, Nagatani T et al.. Normalisation of plasma growth hormone levels improved cardiac dysfunction due to acromegalic cardiomyopathy with severe fibrosis. BMJ case reports 2010. link 69 Izgi C, Feray H, Cevik C, Saltan Y, Mansuroglu D, Nugent K. Severe tricuspid regurgitation in a patient receiving low-dose cabergoline for the treatment of acromegaly. The Journal of heart valve disease 2010. link 70 Sue M, Yoshihara A, Okubo Y, Ishikawa M, Ando Y, Hiroi N et al.. A case of juvenile acromegaly that was initially diagnosed as severe congestive heart failure from acromegaly-induced dilated cardiomyopathy. Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) 2010. link 71 Thankamony GN, Dunger DB, Acerini CL. Pegvisomant: current and potential novel therapeutic applications. Expert opinion on biological therapy 2009. link 72 Wassenaar MJ, Biermasz NR, Pereira AM, van der Klaauw AA, Smit JW, Roelfsema F et al.. The exon-3 deleted growth hormone receptor polymorphism predisposes to long-term complications of acromegaly. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2009. link 73 Colao A. 5 Long-term acromegaly and associated cardiovascular complications: a case-based review. Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism 2009. link70006-5) 74 Akaza I, Tsuchiya K, Akaza M, Sugiyama T, Izumiyama H, Doi M et al.. Improvement of congestive heart failure after octreotide and transsphenoidal surgery in a patient with acromegaly. Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) 2009. link 75 Cafiero T, Esposito F, Fraioli G, Gargiulo G, Frangiosa A, Cavallo LM et al.. Remifentanil-TCI and propofol-TCI for conscious sedation during fibreoptic intubation in the acromegalic patient. European journal of anaesthesiology 2008. link 76 Bogazzi F, Lombardi M, Strata E, Aquaro G, Di Bello V, Cosci C et al.. High prevalence of cardiac hypertophy without detectable signs of fibrosis in patients with untreated active acromegaly: an in vivo study using magnetic resonance imaging. Clinical endocrinology 2008. link 77 Anumah F, Danbauchi S, Garko S. Acromegaly presenting as cardiac failure. Ethnicity & disease 2008. link 78 Pivonello R, Galderisi M, Auriemma RS, De Martino MC, Galdiero M, Ciccarelli A et al.. Treatment with growth hormone receptor antagonist in acromegaly: effect on cardiac structure and performance. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2007. link 79 Ito M, Kodama M, Tsumanuma I, Ramadan MM, Hirayama S, Kamimura T et al.. Relationship between insulin-like growth factor-I and brain natriuretic peptide in patients with acromegaly after surgery. Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society 2007. link 80 Hwang MW, Shimatsu A, Sasaki Y, Ayukawa H, Inenaga K, Takeoka R et al.. Resolution of acromegalic cardiomyopathy in mild acromegalic physical abnormality after short-term octreotide therapy. Heart and vessels 2007. link 81 Climent V, Marín F, Picó A. Pharmacologic therapy in growth hormone disorders and the heart. Current medicinal chemistry 2007. link 82 Mulatero P, Veglio F, Maffei P, Bondanelli M, Bovio S, Daffara F et al.. CYP11B2 -344T/C gene polymorphism and blood pressure in patients with acromegaly. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2006. link 83 Ronchi CL, Varca V, Beck-Peccoz P, Orsi E, Donadio F, Baccarelli A et al.. Comparison between six-year therapy with long-acting somatostatin analogs and successful surgery in acromegaly: effects on cardiovascular risk factors. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2006. link 84 Fatti LM, Scacchi M, Lavezzi E, Pecori Giraldi F, De Martin M, Toja P et al.. Effects of treatment with somatostatin analogues on QT interval duration in acromegalic patients. Clinical endocrinology 2006. link 85 Resmini E, Casu M, Patrone V, Murialdo G, Bianchi F, Giusti M et al.. Sympathovagal imbalance in acromegalic patients. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2006. link 86 Schwarz ER, Jammula P, Gupta R, Rosanio S. A case and review of acromegaly-induced cardiomyopathy and the relationship between growth hormone and heart failure: cause or cure or neither or both?. Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology and therapeutics 2006. link 87 Doga M, Bonadonna S, Gola M, Nuzzo M, Giustina A. Diagnostic and therapeutic consensus on acromegaly. Journal of endocrinological investigation 2005. link 88 Hekimsoy Z, Ozmen B, Ulusoy S. Homocysteine levels in acromegaly patients. Neuro endocrinology letters 2005. link 89 Bhadada S, Bhansali A, Nahar U, Reddy-KS S, Pathak A, Dutta P et al.. An unusual association of acromegaly and pituitary tuberculosis. Pituitary 2004. link 90 Bihan H, Espinosa C, Valdes-Socin H, Salenave S, Young J, Levasseur S et al.. Long-term outcome of patients with acromegaly and congestive heart failure. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2004. link 91 Tachibana H, Yamaguchi H, Abe S, Sato T, Inoue S, Abe S et al.. Improvement of ventricular arrhythmia by octreotide treatment in acromegalic cardiomyopathy. Japanese heart journal 2003. link 92 Saccà L, Napoli R, Cittadini A. Growth hormone, acromegaly, and heart failure: an intricate triangulation. Clinical endocrinology 2003. link 93 Lombardi G, Colao A, Marzullo P, Biondi B, Palmieri E, Fazio S. Improvement of left ventricular hypertrophy and arrhythmias after lanreotide-induced GH and IGF-I decrease in acromegaly. A prospective multi-center study. Journal of endocrinological investigation 2002. link 94 Kohn DT, Kopchick JJ. Growth hormone receptor antagonists. Minerva endocrinologica 2002. link 95 Bruch C, Herrmann B, Schmermund A, Bartel T, Mann K, Erbel R. Impact of disease activity on left ventricular performance in patients with acromegaly. American heart journal 2002. link 96 Shimakura A, Miyakoshi H, Ohkuwa H, Kitabayashi M, Komai T, Hisada A et al.. Improvement of cardiac function after treatment with octreotide followed by trans-sphenoidal surgery in an acromegalic patient who presented with congestive heart failure. Japanese heart journal 2002. link 97 Pietrobelli DJ, Akopian M, Olivieri AO, Renauld A, Garrido D, Artese R et al.. Altered circadian blood pressure profile in patients with active acromegaly. Relationship with left ventricular mass and hormonal values. Journal of human hypertension 2001. link 98 Vitale G, Pivonello R, Galderisi M, D'Errico A, Spinelli L, Lupoli G et al.. Cardiovascular complications in acromegaly: methods of assessment. Pituitary 2001. link 99 Bondanelli M, Ambrosio MR, degli Uberti EC. Pathogenesis and prevalence of hypertension in acromegaly. Pituitary 2001. link 100 Boulis NM, Noordmans AJ, Barkan A, Hassing J, Chandler WF. Somatotropinoma infarction during octreotide therapy leading to bilateral cavernous sinus syndrome. Pituitary 2000. link