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Pathology42 papers

Refractory celiac disease

Last edited: 4/16/2026

Overview

Refractory celiac disease (RCD) is a rare complication of celiac disease characterized by persistent villous atrophy despite strict adherence to a gluten-free diet [Not directly covered in provided abstracts].

Diagnosis

  • Persistent villous atrophy on duodenal biopsy despite adherence to a gluten-free diet [Not directly covered in provided abstracts].
  • Elevated intraepithelial lymphocytes [Not directly covered in provided abstracts].
  • Exclusion of other causes of malabsorption and enteropathy [Not directly covered in provided abstracts].
  • Management

  • First-line: Strict lifelong gluten-free diet reinforcement [Not directly covered in provided abstracts].
  • Adjunctive treatments:
  • - Azathioprine or other immunosuppressants (e.g., 2 mg/kg/day) for refractory cases [Not directly covered in provided abstracts]. - Monitoring for complications such as enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma [Not directly covered in provided abstracts].

    Special Populations

  • No specific data provided in the given abstracts regarding pregnancy, pediatrics, elderly, or comorbidities related to RCD [Not directly covered in provided abstracts].
  • Key Recommendations

  • Confirm diagnosis with duodenal biopsy showing persistent villous atrophy despite strict gluten avoidance (Evidence: Expert opinion) [Not directly covered in provided abstracts].
  • Initiate and strictly adhere to a gluten-free diet; consider multidisciplinary support for compliance (Evidence: Expert opinion) [Not directly covered in provided abstracts].
  • Evaluate and manage refractory cases with immunosuppressive therapy under close monitoring for adverse effects and complications (Evidence: Expert opinion) [Not directly covered in provided abstracts].
  • References

    1 Chan SWS, Khattak S, Yücel N, Gupta N, Yücel YH. A decade of surgical eye removals in Ontario: a clinical-pathological study. Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie 2017. link

    Original source

    1. [1]
      A decade of surgical eye removals in Ontario: a clinical-pathological study.Chan SWS, Khattak S, Yücel N, Gupta N, Yücel YH Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie (2017)

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