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Emergency Medicine109 papers

Mild to moderate birth asphyxia

Last edited: 4/10/2026

Overview

Birth asphyxia is a clinical condition or state of the newborn infant characterized by a lack of oxygen and impaired gas exchange at birth. It is a significant cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality.

Diagnosis

  • The Apgar score is a method for reporting the status of the newborn immediately after birth and response to resuscitation 1.
  • The Apgar score alone cannot be considered evidence of, or a consequence of, asphyxia, nor does it predict individual neonatal mortality or neurologic outcome 1.
  • An Apgar score assigned during resuscitation is not equivalent to a score assigned to a spontaneously breathing infant 1.
  • The American Academy of Pediatrics and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists encourage use of an expanded Apgar score reporting form that accounts for concurrent resuscitative interventions 1.
  • Management

  • Resuscitation may be indicated based on the infant's condition at birth 1.
  • Key Recommendations

  • The Apgar score is a convenient method for reporting newborn status and response to resuscitation but should not be used to diagnose asphyxia or predict outcomes 1.
  • An expanded Apgar score reporting form that accounts for resuscitative interventions is encouraged 1.
  • An Apgar score assigned during resuscitation is not equivalent to one assigned to a spontaneously breathing infant 1.
  • References

    1 . The Apgar Score. Pediatrics 2015. link

    Original source

    1. [1]
      The Apgar Score. Pediatrics (2015)

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