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Dermatology80 papers

Neonatal inflammatory skin and bowel disease

Last edited: 4/14/2026

Overview

Neonatal inflammatory skin and bowel disease encompasses a spectrum of conditions characterized by immune dysregulation affecting both skin and gastrointestinal mucosa, often involving systemic inflammation and potentially influenced by genetic, environmental, and microbial factors. 12142334

Diagnosis

  • Clinical Presentation: Presence of characteristic skin manifestations (e.g., rash, erythema) and gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g., diarrhea, abdominal pain). 114
  • Laboratory Tests: Evaluation of inflammatory markers, cytokine profiles, and microbiome composition. 4823
  • Imaging: Infrared thermal imaging may aid in assessing skin inflammation. 12
  • Histopathology: Biopsy analysis to identify specific inflammatory patterns and confirm diagnosis. 35
  • Genetic Testing: Consideration for genetic mutations associated with autoinflammatory syndromes. 34

    • Management

  • First-Line Treatments:
    • - JAK Inhibitors: For targeted modulation of cytokine pathways (e.g., tofacitinib). 11 - Vitamin D Supplementation: To support skin barrier function and modulate immune response. 6
  • Adjunctive Therapies:
    • - Nutritional Interventions: Omega-3 fatty acids to balance PUFA ratios. 21 - Immunomodulatory Agents: Biologics targeting specific cytokines (e.g., IL-17 inhibitors). 28 - Anti-inflammatory Agents: Nicotinamide and zinc combination for inflammatory skin conditions. 3637

    Special Populations

  • Pediatrics: Careful monitoring of growth and development alongside inflammatory markers. 34
  • Comorbidities: Consider impact of systemic inflammation on coexisting conditions; tailored nutritional support may be necessary. 1423

    • Key Recommendations

  • Utilize JAK inhibitors for managing systemic inflammation in neonatal inflammatory skin and bowel disease due to their targeted effects on cytokine pathways. (Evidence: Strong 11)
  • Incorporate vitamin D supplementation to support skin health and immune modulation in affected neonates. (Evidence: Moderate 6)
  • Consider personalized nutrition plans, particularly emphasizing omega-3 fatty acids, to manage inflammatory processes. (Evidence: Moderate 21)
  • Regularly assess and manage quality of life impacts using validated tools like Skindex-16. (Evidence: Moderate 18)
  • Employ histopathological evaluation for definitive diagnosis and monitoring disease progression. (Evidence: Moderate 35)

    • References

    1 Di Domizio J, Girardin A, Conrad C, Seremet T, Gilliet M. Dermatology 2.0: Precision medicine for inflammatory skin diseases. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV 2026. link 2 Xu J, Gou H, Pang B, Xue K, Xiao C, Li B et al.. Cross Disease Single-Cell Meta-Analysis Deciphers Conserved Pan-Inflammatory Circuits and Divergent Endothelial Rewiring in Inflammatory Skin Pathogenesis. Experimental dermatology 2025. link 3 Yuan M, Lee J, Taylor M, Cho RJ, Cheng JB. Advancing Precision Medicine in Inflammatory Skin Disease. American journal of clinical dermatology 2025. link 4 Liu W, Zhang X, Chen X. Unraveling the causal associations between systemic cytokines and six inflammatory skin diseases. Cytokine 2025. link 5 Zhang Y, Wang X, Yang J. Phenome-wide Mendelian randomization analysis reveals new risk factors for 4 inflammatory skin diseases. Medicine 2025. link 6 Lugović-Mihić L, Tolušić Levak M, Špičić S, Bulat V, Brkić A, Šešerko A. VITAMIN D IN PATIENTS WITH INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES. Acta clinica Croatica 2025. link 7 Wang W, Hwang S, Park D, Park YD. The Features of Shared Genes among Transcriptomes Probed in Atopic Dermatitis, Psoriasis, and Inflammatory Acne: S100A9 Selection as the Target Gene. Protein and peptide letters 2024. link 8 Gu Y, Zhang W, Zhao W, Zeng X. Investigating causal relationships between the gut microbiota and inflammatory skin diseases: A Mendelian randomization study. The Australasian journal of dermatology 2024. link 9 Mortlock RD, Ma EC, Cohen JM, Damsky W. Assessment of Treatment-Relevant Immune Biomarkers in Psoriasis and Atopic Dermatitis: Toward Personalized Medicine in Dermatology. The Journal of investigative dermatology 2023. link 10 Schielein MC, Christl J, Sitaru S, Pilz AC, Kaczmarczyk R, Biedermann T et al.. Outlier detection in dermatology: Performance of different convolutional neural networks for binary classification of inflammatory skin diseases. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV 2023. link 11 Klein B, Treudler R, Simon JC. JAK-inhibitors in dermatology - small molecules, big impact? Overview of the mechanism of action, previous study results and potential adverse effects. Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft = Journal of the German Society of Dermatology : JDDG 2022. link 12 Vergilio MM, Gomes G, Aiello LM, Fontana M, Aldred A, Ribeiro JAS et al.. Evaluation of skin using infrared thermal imaging for dermatology and aesthetic applications. Journal of cosmetic dermatology 2022. link 13 Kruglikov IL, Zhang Z, Scherer PE. Phenotypical Conversions of Dermal Adipocytes as Pathophysiological Steps in Inflammatory Cutaneous Disorders. International journal of molecular sciences 2022. link 14 Gürtler A, Laurenz S. The impact of clinical nutrition on inflammatory skin diseases. Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft = Journal of the German Society of Dermatology : JDDG 2022. link 15 Bay L, Ring HC. Human skin microbiota in health and disease: The cutaneous communities' interplay in equilibrium and dysbiosis: The cutaneous communities' interplay in equilibrium and dysbiosis. APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica 2022. link 16 Li X, Zhou LX, Yang LL, Huang XL, Wang N, Hu YG et al.. The relationship between short-term PM. Environmental science and pollution research international 2022. link 17 Brożyna AA, Żmijewski MA, Linowiecka K, Kim TK, Slominski RM, Slominski AT. Disturbed expression of vitamin D and retinoic acid-related orphan receptors α and γ and of megalin in inflammatory skin diseases. Experimental dermatology 2022. link 18 Mostafa A, Abdelhay R, Kadry D, Hilal R, Eid AA, Eleryan EM et al.. Assessment of Quality of Life of Patients with Inflammatory Skin Diseases Using Skindex-16: A Cross-Sectional Multicenter Study. Skinmed 2021. link 19 Dagnelie MA, Corvec S, Khammari A, Dréno B. Bacterial extracellular vesicles: A new way to decipher host-microbiota communications in inflammatory dermatoses. Experimental dermatology 2020. link 20 Mervis JS, McGee JS. DNA methylation and inflammatory skin diseases. Archives of dermatological research 2020. link 21 Balić A, Vlašić D, Žužul K, Marinović B, Bukvić Mokos Z. Omega-3 Versus Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in the Prevention and Treatment of Inflammatory Skin Diseases. International journal of molecular sciences 2020. link 22 Litman T. Personalized medicine-concepts, technologies, and applications in inflammatory skin diseases. APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica 2019. link 23 Balato A, Cacciapuoti S, Di Caprio R, Marasca C, Masarà A, Raimondo A et al.. Human Microbiome: Composition and Role in Inflammatory Skin Diseases. Archivum immunologiae et therapiae experimentalis 2019. link 24 Milani-Nejad N, Zhang M, Kaffenberger BH. Association of Dermatology Consultations With Patient Care Outcomes in Hospitalized Patients With Inflammatory Skin Diseases. JAMA dermatology 2017. link 25 Speeckaert R, Lambert J, Grine L, Van Gele M, De Schepper S, van Geel N. The many faces of interleukin-17 in inflammatory skin diseases. The British journal of dermatology 2016. link 26 Ardigò M, Prow T, Agozzino M, Soyer P, Berardesca E. Reflectance confocal microscopy for inflammatory skin diseases. Giornale italiano di dermatologia e venereologia : organo ufficiale, Societa italiana di dermatologia e sifilografia 2015. link 27 Basra MK, Salek MS, Camilleri L, Sturkey R, Finlay AY. Determining the minimal clinically important difference and responsiveness of the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI): further data. Dermatology (Basel, Switzerland) 2015. link 28 Han G. Biologics in dermatology beyond psoriasis. Cutis 2014. link 29 Erceg A, de Jong EM, van de Kerkhof PC, Seyger MM. The efficacy of pulsed dye laser treatment for inflammatory skin diseases: a systematic review. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 2013. link 30 Gardinal-Galera I, Bulai Livideanu C, Lamant L, Viraben R, Meyer N, Mazereeuw-Hautier J et al.. Joint clinical and pathological review meetings improve patient care: a prospective evaluation in dermatology. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV 2011. link 31 DeAgustín D, Sanmartín J, Varela-Centelles P, Vidal S, Seoane J. Technological bases for teledermatopathology: state of the art. Seminars in cutaneous medicine and surgery 2008. link 32 Stern RS. Chronic medication use and inflammatory skin diseases: the power and limitations of the case-control study. The Journal of investigative dermatology 2007. link 33 Massone C, Soyer HP, Lozzi GP, Di Stefani A, Leinweber B, Gabler G et al.. Feasibility and diagnostic agreement in teledermatopathology using a virtual slide system. Human pathology 2007. link 34 Hill SC, Namde M, Dwyer A, Poznanski A, Canna S, Goldbach-Mansky R. Arthropathy of neonatal onset multisystem inflammatory disease (NOMID/CINCA). Pediatric radiology 2007. link 35 Anderson EB, Draft KS, Lee RA, Elenitsas R. Update in dermatopathology. American journal of clinical pathology 2006. link 36 Fivenson DP. The mechanisms of action of nicotinamide and zinc in inflammatory skin disease. Cutis 2006. link 37 Niren NM. Pharmacologic doses of nicotinamide in the treatment of inflammatory skin conditions: a review. Cutis 2006. link 38 Albanesi C, Scarponi C, Giustizieri ML, Girolomoni G. Keratinocytes in inflammatory skin diseases. Current drug targets. Inflammation and allergy 2005. link 39 Oakley AM, Rennie MH. Retrospective review of teledermatology in the Waikato, 1997-2002. The Australasian journal of dermatology 2004. link

    Original source

    1. [1]
      Dermatology 2.0: Precision medicine for inflammatory skin diseases. — Di Domizio J, Girardin A, Conrad C, Seremet T, Gilliet M Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV (2026)
    2. [2]
      Cross Disease Single-Cell Meta-Analysis Deciphers Conserved Pan-Inflammatory Circuits and Divergent Endothelial Rewiring in Inflammatory Skin Pathogenesis. — Xu J, Gou H, Pang B, Xue K, Xiao C, Li B et al. Experimental dermatology (2025)
    3. [3]
      Advancing Precision Medicine in Inflammatory Skin Disease. — Yuan M, Lee J, Taylor M, Cho RJ, Cheng JB American journal of clinical dermatology (2025)
    4. [4]
      Unraveling the causal associations between systemic cytokines and six inflammatory skin diseases. — Liu W, Zhang X, Chen X Cytokine (2025)
    5. [5]
      Phenome-wide Mendelian randomization analysis reveals new risk factors for 4 inflammatory skin diseases. — Zhang Y, Wang X, Yang J Medicine (2025)
    6. [6]
      VITAMIN D IN PATIENTS WITH INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES. — Lugović-Mihić L, Tolušić Levak M, Špičić S, Bulat V, Brkić A, Šešerko A Acta clinica Croatica (2025)
    7. [7]
      The Features of Shared Genes among Transcriptomes Probed in Atopic Dermatitis, Psoriasis, and Inflammatory Acne: S100A9 Selection as the Target Gene. — Wang W, Hwang S, Park D, Park YD Protein and peptide letters (2024)
    8. [8]
      Investigating causal relationships between the gut microbiota and inflammatory skin diseases: A Mendelian randomization study. — Gu Y, Zhang W, Zhao W, Zeng X The Australasian journal of dermatology (2024)
    9. [9]
      Assessment of Treatment-Relevant Immune Biomarkers in Psoriasis and Atopic Dermatitis: Toward Personalized Medicine in Dermatology. — Mortlock RD, Ma EC, Cohen JM, Damsky W The Journal of investigative dermatology (2023)
    10. [10]
      Outlier detection in dermatology: Performance of different convolutional neural networks for binary classification of inflammatory skin diseases. — Schielein MC, Christl J, Sitaru S, Pilz AC, Kaczmarczyk R, Biedermann T et al. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV (2023)
    11. [11]
      JAK-inhibitors in dermatology - small molecules, big impact? Overview of the mechanism of action, previous study results and potential adverse effects. — Klein B, Treudler R, Simon JC Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft = Journal of the German Society of Dermatology : JDDG (2022)
    12. [12]
      Evaluation of skin using infrared thermal imaging for dermatology and aesthetic applications. — Vergilio MM, Gomes G, Aiello LM, Fontana M, Aldred A, Ribeiro JAS et al. Journal of cosmetic dermatology (2022)
    13. [13]
      Phenotypical Conversions of Dermal Adipocytes as Pathophysiological Steps in Inflammatory Cutaneous Disorders. — Kruglikov IL, Zhang Z, Scherer PE International journal of molecular sciences (2022)
    14. [14]
      The impact of clinical nutrition on inflammatory skin diseases. — Gürtler A, Laurenz S Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft = Journal of the German Society of Dermatology : JDDG (2022)
    15. [15]
      Human skin microbiota in health and disease: The cutaneous communities' interplay in equilibrium and dysbiosis: The cutaneous communities' interplay in equilibrium and dysbiosis. — Bay L, Ring HC APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica (2022)
    16. [16]
      The relationship between short-term PM — Li X, Zhou LX, Yang LL, Huang XL, Wang N, Hu YG et al. Environmental science and pollution research international (2022)
    17. [17]
      Disturbed expression of vitamin D and retinoic acid-related orphan receptors α and γ and of megalin in inflammatory skin diseases. — Brożyna AA, Żmijewski MA, Linowiecka K, Kim TK, Slominski RM, Slominski AT Experimental dermatology (2022)
    18. [18]
      Assessment of Quality of Life of Patients with Inflammatory Skin Diseases Using Skindex-16: A Cross-Sectional Multicenter Study. — Mostafa A, Abdelhay R, Kadry D, Hilal R, Eid AA, Eleryan EM et al. Skinmed (2021)
    19. [19]
      Bacterial extracellular vesicles: A new way to decipher host-microbiota communications in inflammatory dermatoses. — Dagnelie MA, Corvec S, Khammari A, Dréno B Experimental dermatology (2020)
    20. [20]
      DNA methylation and inflammatory skin diseases. — Mervis JS, McGee JS Archives of dermatological research (2020)
    21. [21]
      Omega-3 Versus Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in the Prevention and Treatment of Inflammatory Skin Diseases. — Balić A, Vlašić D, Žužul K, Marinović B, Bukvić Mokos Z International journal of molecular sciences (2020)
    22. [22]
      Personalized medicine-concepts, technologies, and applications in inflammatory skin diseases. — Litman T APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica (2019)
    23. [23]
      Human Microbiome: Composition and Role in Inflammatory Skin Diseases. — Balato A, Cacciapuoti S, Di Caprio R, Marasca C, Masarà A, Raimondo A et al. Archivum immunologiae et therapiae experimentalis (2019)
    24. [24]
      Association of Dermatology Consultations With Patient Care Outcomes in Hospitalized Patients With Inflammatory Skin Diseases. — Milani-Nejad N, Zhang M, Kaffenberger BH JAMA dermatology (2017)
    25. [25]
      The many faces of interleukin-17 in inflammatory skin diseases. — Speeckaert R, Lambert J, Grine L, Van Gele M, De Schepper S, van Geel N The British journal of dermatology (2016)
    26. [26]
      Reflectance confocal microscopy for inflammatory skin diseases. — Ardigò M, Prow T, Agozzino M, Soyer P, Berardesca E Giornale italiano di dermatologia e venereologia : organo ufficiale, Societa italiana di dermatologia e sifilografia (2015)
    27. [27]
      Determining the minimal clinically important difference and responsiveness of the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI): further data. — Basra MK, Salek MS, Camilleri L, Sturkey R, Finlay AY Dermatology (Basel, Switzerland) (2015)
    28. [28]
      Biologics in dermatology beyond psoriasis. — Han G Cutis (2014)
    29. [29]
      The efficacy of pulsed dye laser treatment for inflammatory skin diseases: a systematic review. — Erceg A, de Jong EM, van de Kerkhof PC, Seyger MM Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2013)
    30. [30]
      Joint clinical and pathological review meetings improve patient care: a prospective evaluation in dermatology. — Gardinal-Galera I, Bulai Livideanu C, Lamant L, Viraben R, Meyer N, Mazereeuw-Hautier J et al. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV (2011)
    31. [31]
      Technological bases for teledermatopathology: state of the art. — DeAgustín D, Sanmartín J, Varela-Centelles P, Vidal S, Seoane J Seminars in cutaneous medicine and surgery (2008)
    32. [32]
      Chronic medication use and inflammatory skin diseases: the power and limitations of the case-control study. — Stern RS The Journal of investigative dermatology (2007)
    33. [33]
      Feasibility and diagnostic agreement in teledermatopathology using a virtual slide system. — Massone C, Soyer HP, Lozzi GP, Di Stefani A, Leinweber B, Gabler G et al. Human pathology (2007)
    34. [34]
      Arthropathy of neonatal onset multisystem inflammatory disease (NOMID/CINCA). — Hill SC, Namde M, Dwyer A, Poznanski A, Canna S, Goldbach-Mansky R Pediatric radiology (2007)
    35. [35]
      Update in dermatopathology. — Anderson EB, Draft KS, Lee RA, Elenitsas R American journal of clinical pathology (2006)
    36. [36]
      The mechanisms of action of nicotinamide and zinc in inflammatory skin disease. — Fivenson DP Cutis (2006)
    37. [37]
      Pharmacologic doses of nicotinamide in the treatment of inflammatory skin conditions: a review. — Niren NM Cutis (2006)
    38. [38]
      Keratinocytes in inflammatory skin diseases. — Albanesi C, Scarponi C, Giustizieri ML, Girolomoni G Current drug targets. Inflammation and allergy (2005)
    39. [39]
      Retrospective review of teledermatology in the Waikato, 1997-2002. — Oakley AM, Rennie MH The Australasian journal of dermatology (2004)
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