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Rheumatology129 papers

Spondyloarthritis

Last edited: 4/16/2026

Overview

Spondyloarthritis (SpA) encompasses a heterogeneous group of chronic inflammatory diseases affecting the spine, peripheral joints, and entheses, often characterized by inflammation and potential extra-articular manifestations such as uveitis and skin conditions 1 2 3 10 33.

Diagnosis

Key Criteria: Inflammatory back pain, sacroiliitis on imaging, and enthesitis 25 33.

Recommended Tests: HLA-B27 testing, MRI of sacroiliac joints, and ultrasound for enthesitis 5 18 44.

Grading: ASAS (Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society) criteria for axial SpA, including imaging and clinical features 4 44.

Early Detection: Specific tools like DUET (Dublin Uveitis Evaluation Tool) for uveitis patients 46.

Management

First-Line Treatments: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for symptom control 25 37.

Second-Line Treatments: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors for moderate to severe disease 33 45 51.

Adjunctive Therapies: Physical therapy, exercise, and lifestyle modifications including diet 16 51.

Glucocorticoids: Used for acute flares or specific indications, but limited due to side effects 28.

Special Populations

Pregnancy: Tailored management with caution on TNF inhibitors; consider alternative therapies like IL-23/IL-17 inhibitors 11.

Pediatrics: Juvenile Spondyloarthritis Disease Activity Index (JSpADA) for monitoring 52.

Comorbidities: Increased risk of comorbidities like cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome; regular screening recommended 40.

Key Recommendations

Early Diagnosis and Referral: Implement strategies for early detection and referral of patients with inflammatory back pain 46 55.

(Evidence: Moderate)

Use of Imaging: Incorporate MRI and ultrasound for accurate diagnosis and monitoring of SpA 18 44.

(Evidence: Strong)

TNF Inhibitors for Severe Disease: Initiate TNF inhibitors for patients with moderate to severe axial SpA who fail NSAIDs 33 45.

(Evidence: Strong)

Regular Monitoring of Comorbidities: Screen for and manage comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease and sarcopenia in SpA patients 9 40.

(Evidence: Moderate)

Personalized Treatment Plans: Tailor treatment plans considering patient-specific factors including gender and comorbidities 10 33.

(Evidence: Moderate)

References

1 Llop M, Villoria A, Calvet X, Moreno M, Arévalo M, Saus E et al.. Multidisciplinary spondyloarthrtis and inflammatory bowel disease unit: Report of 7 years' experience. Reumatologia clinica 2026. link 2 Tyczyńska KM, Świerkot J. Prevalence and risk factors of renal involvement in seronegative spondyloarthropathies: a systematic review. Rheumatology international 2025. link 3 Chroneos P, Melville D, Long J, Nagaraja V, Flug JA. Peripheral Spondyloarthritis: Conceptualization and Diagnosis as a Distinct Rheumatologic Subset of Disease. Seminars in musculoskeletal radiology 2025. link 4 van der Heijde D, Navarro-Compán V, Landewé R, Sieper J, van Gaalen F, Gensler LS et al.. 1995-2025: thirty years of ASAS and its contribution to the understanding of spondyloarthritis. Annals of the rheumatic diseases 2025. link 5 McDermott GC, Choufani M, Monshizadeh A, Ermann J. HLA-B27 Testing in Clinical Practice: A Retrospective Analysis of Testing Indications and Rheumatology Referral Patterns. The Journal of rheumatology 2025. link 6 Qin K, Wang X, Ren G, Kai Zhang, Yang X, Liu Z. Exploring the causal relationships between spondyloarthritis/ankylosing spondylitis and intervertebral disc degeneration: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research 2025. link 7 Yang N, Di J, Feng H. Pharmacovigilance analysis of spondyloarthritis following HPV vaccination based on the VAERS database. Scientific reports 2025. link 8 Benitha R, Maharaj AB, Makan K, Potts J, Lai A, Carter R et al.. South African Rheumatism and Arthritis Association 2024 guidelines for the management of peripheral spondyloarthritis. South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde 2024. link 9 Hu J, Wang Y, Ji X, Zhang Y, Li K, Huang F. The prevalence of sarcopenia in spondyloarthritis patients: a meta-analysis. Arthritis research & therapy 2024. link 10 Ramonda R, Oliviero F. Women and spondyloarthritis. Reumatismo 2024. link 11 Manara M, Bruno D, Ferrito M, Perniola S, Caporali RF, Gremese E. Treatment of spondyloarthritis with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs during pregnancy and breastfeeding: comparing the recommendations and guidelines of the principal societies of rheumatology. Reumatismo 2024. link 12 Braun J, Sieper J, Märker-Hermann E. Looking back on 51 years of the Carol Nachman Prize in Rheumatology-significance for the field of spondyloarthritis research. Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie 2024. link 13 Tsuji S, Okubo Y, Kishimoto M, Taniguchi Y, Ishihara Y, Tamura M et al.. Modified pustulotic arthro-osteitis diagnostic guidance 2022 - Modified Sonozaki criteria - Secondary publication. Modern rheumatology 2024. link 14 Dubreuil M, Ferucci ED, El-Gabalawy H, Hasni S, Williams EM. Enhancing Equity in Clinical Research: A Multifaceted Proposal for Spondyloarthritis. The Journal of rheumatology 2024. link 15 Capelusnik D, Benavent D, van der Heijde D, Landewé R, Poddubnyy D, van Tubergen A et al.. Treating spondyloarthritis early: does it matter? Results from a systematic literature review. Rheumatology (Oxford, England) 2023. link 16 Ortolan A, Felicetti M, Lorenzin M, Cozzi G, Ometto F, Striani G et al.. The impact of diet on disease activity in spondyloarthritis: A systematic literature review. Joint bone spine 2023. link 17 Simioni J, Skare T, Ioshii S, Campos A, Longo B, Messias-Reason I et al.. Intestinal histological findings in patients with spondyloarthritis: a study of the relationship with disease activity. Revista espanola de enfermedades digestivas 2023. link 18 Morbée L, Vereecke E, Laloo F, Chen M, Herregods N, Jans LBO. Common incidental findings on sacroiliac joint MRI: Added value of MRI-based synthetic CT. European journal of radiology 2023. link 19 Forestier R, Bugnard A, Thomas T. Balneotherapy in spondyloarthropathy: A systematic review. Therapie 2022. link 20 Kwan YH, Fong W, Woon TH, Phang JK, Png K, Lau JQ et al.. Development of an Item Bank for a Health-Related Quality of Life Measure in Spondyloarthritis. The Journal of rheumatology 2022. link 21 Wang L, Wang Y, Zhang P, Song C, Pan F, Li G et al.. Gut microbiota changes in patients with spondyloarthritis: A systematic review. Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism 2022. link 22 Benavent D, Capelusnik D, van der Heijde D, Landewé R, Poddubnyy D, van Tubergen A et al.. How is early spondyloarthritis defined in the literature? Results from a systematic review. Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism 2022. link 23 Balint PV, Poddubnyy D. Controversies in rheumatology: imaging of enthesitis in spondyloarthritis-does it mean anything for treatment decisions?. Rheumatology (Oxford, England) 2022. link 24 Moya Alvarado P, de Agustín de Oro JJ, Aparicio Espinar M, Armengol Pérez E, Busquets Pérez N, Carmona L et al.. Interobserver reliability of Masei index validation by a multicenter collaborative group of rheumatologists. Rheumatology international 2022. link 25 Mease PJ. Suspecting and Diagnosing the Patient with Spondyloarthritis and What to Expect from Therapy. Rheumatic diseases clinics of North America 2022. link 26 Wendling D, Hecquet S, Fogel O, Letarouilly JG, Verhoeven F, Pham T et al.. 2022 French Society for Rheumatology (SFR) recommendations on the everyday management of patients with spondyloarthritis, including psoriatic arthritis. Joint bone spine 2022. link 27 Saldarriaga-Rivera LM, Bautista-Molano W, Junca-Ramírez A, Fernández-Aldana AR, Fernández-Ávila DG, Jaimes DA et al.. 2021 clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of patients with peripheral spondyloarthritis. Colombian Association of Rheumatology. Reumatologia clinica 2022. link 28 Dhir V, Mishra D, Samanta J. Glucocorticoids in spondyloarthritis-systematic review and real-world analysis. Rheumatology (Oxford, England) 2021. link 29 Alamanos Y, Pelechas E, Voulgari PV, Drosos AA. Incidence of spondyloarthritis subtypes: a systematic review. Clinical and experimental rheumatology 2021. link 30 Mease PJ. Suspecting and Diagnosing the Patient with Spondyloarthritis and What to Expect from Therapy. The Medical clinics of North America 2021. link 31 Azzolin I, Massazza G, Iagnocco A. Spondyloarthritis: not only enthesitis. Clinical and experimental rheumatology 2020. link 32 Mathew AJ, Krabbe S, Eshed I, Lambert RG, Laredo JD, Maksymowych WP et al.. Atlas of the OMERACT Heel Enthesitis MRI Scoring System (HEMRIS). RMD open 2020. link 33 Castro Corredor D, Ramírez Huaranga MA, Mínguez Sánchez MD, Anino Fernández J, Mateos Rodríguez JJ, Rebollo Giménez AI et al.. Vitamin D, an inflammatory activity marker for spondyloarthritis?. Archives of osteoporosis 2020. link 34 Maksymowych WP, Lambert RG, Østergaard M, Pedersen SJ, Machado PM, Weber U et al.. MRI lesions in the sacroiliac joints of patients with spondyloarthritis: an update of definitions and validation by the ASAS MRI working group. Annals of the rheumatic diseases 2019. link 35 Deodhar A, Miossec P, Baraliakos X. Is undifferentiated spondyloarthritis a discrete entity? A debate. Autoimmunity reviews 2018. link 36 D'Agostino MA. Enthesitis detection by ultrasound: where are we now?. Clinical and experimental rheumatology 2018. link 37 Wendling D, Lukas C, Prati C, Claudepierre P, Gossec L, Goupille P et al.. 2018 update of French Society for Rheumatology (SFR) recommendations about the everyday management of patients with spondyloarthritis. Joint bone spine 2018. link 38 Panwar J, Sandhya P, Kandagaddala M, Nair A, Jeyaseelan V, Danda D. Utility of CT imaging in differentiating sacroiliitis associated with spondyloarthritis from gouty sacroiliitis: a retrospective study. Clinical rheumatology 2018. link 39 Laloo F, Herregods N, Jaremko JL, Carron P, Elewaut D, Van den Bosch F et al.. New bone formation in the intervertebral joint space in spondyloarthritis: An MRI study. European journal of radiology 2018. link 40 Bautista-Molano W, Landewé R, Burgos-Vargas R, Maldonado-Cocco J, Moltó A, van den Bosch F et al.. Prevalence of Comorbidities and Risk Factors for Comorbidities in Patients with Spondyloarthritis in Latin America: A Comparative Study with the General Population and Data from the ASAS-COMOSPA Study. The Journal of rheumatology 2018. link 41 Tangrungruengkit M, Srinonprasert V, Chiowchanwisawakit P. Survey of Thai Physicians Regarding Recognition and Management of Inflammatory Back Pain and Spondyloarthritis. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet 2016. link 42 Andrés M, Sivera F, Pérez-Vicente S, Carmona L, Vela P. Centre-related variability in hospital admissions of patients with spondyloarthritis. Rheumatology international 2016. link 43 Giovannini L, Orlandi M, Lodato C, Cioffi E, Tenti S, Bardelli M et al.. One year in review 2015: spondyloarthritis. Clinical and experimental rheumatology 2015. link 44 Reveille JD. Spondyloarthropathies: EULAR recommendations reflect advances in imaging. Nature reviews. Rheumatology 2015. link 45 Rohekar S, Chan J, Tse SM, Haroon N, Chandran V, Bessette L et al.. 2014 Update of the Canadian Rheumatology Association/spondyloarthritis research consortium of Canada treatment recommendations for the management of spondyloarthritis. Part I: principles of the management of spondyloarthritis in Canada. The Journal of rheumatology 2015. link 46 Haroon M, O'Rourke M, Ramasamy P, Murphy CC, FitzGerald O. A novel evidence-based detection of undiagnosed spondyloarthritis in patients presenting with acute anterior uveitis: the DUET (Dublin Uveitis Evaluation Tool). Annals of the rheumatic diseases 2015. link 47 Juanola Roura X, Collantes Estévez E, León Vázquez F, Torres Villamor A, García Yébenes MJ, Queiro Silva R et al.. Reccomendations for the detection, study and referral of inflammatory low-back pain in primary care. Reumatologia clinica 2015. link 48 Rohekar S, Chan J, Tse SM, Haroon N, Chandran V, Bessette L et al.. 2014 Update of the Canadian Rheumatology Association/Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada Treatment Recommendations for the Management of Spondyloarthritis. Part II: Specific Management Recommendations. The Journal of rheumatology 2015. link 49 Abad MÁ, Ariza RA, Aznar JJ, Batlle E, Beltrán E, de Dios Cañete J et al.. Standards of care for patients with spondyloarthritis. Rheumatology international 2014. link 50 Kiltz U, van der Heijde D, Boonen A, Braun J. The ASAS Health Index (ASAS HI) - a new tool to assess the health status of patients with spondyloarthritis. Clinical and experimental rheumatology 2014. link 51 Smolen JS, Braun J, Dougados M, Emery P, Fitzgerald O, Helliwell P et al.. Treating spondyloarthritis, including ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis, to target: recommendations of an international task force. Annals of the rheumatic diseases 2014. link 52 Weiss PF, Colbert RA, Xiao R, Feudtner C, Beukelman T, DeWitt EM et al.. Development and retrospective validation of the juvenile spondyloarthritis disease activity index. Arthritis care & research 2014. link 53 Bakland G, Nossent HC. Epidemiology of spondyloarthritis: a review. Current rheumatology reports 2013. link 54 Canella C, Schau B, Ribeiro E, Sbaffi B, Marchiori E. MRI in seronegative spondyloarthritis: imaging features and differential diagnosis in the spine and sacroiliac joints. AJR. American journal of roentgenology 2013. link 55 Mok CC, Tam LS, Leung MH, Ying KY, To CH, Lee KL et al.. Referral strategy for early recognition of axial spondyloarthritis: consensus recommendations from the Hong Kong Society of Rheumatology. International journal of rheumatic diseases 2013. link 56 Bautista-Molano W, Toloza S, Gutiérrez M, Uribe CV, Pineda C, Londoño J et al.. Report from the Latin American Spondyloarthritis Society for Education and Research in Immunology and Medicine organization 2012 workshop. Journal of clinical rheumatology : practical reports on rheumatic & musculoskeletal diseases 2013. link 57 Lim DT, James NM, Hassan S, Khan MA. Spondyloarthritis associated with acne conglobata, hidradenitis suppurativa and dissecting cellulitis of the scalp: a review with illustrative cases. Current rheumatology reports 2013. link 58 Lambert RG, Dhillon SS, Jaremko JL. Advanced imaging of the axial skeleton in spondyloarthropathy: techniques, interpretation, and utility. Seminars in musculoskeletal radiology 2012. link 59 Deepthi RV, Bhat SP, Shetty SM, Shenoy RD. Juvenile spondyloarthritis with microscopic colitis. Indian pediatrics 2012. link 60 Jovani V, Loza E, García de Yébenes MJ, Descalzo MÁ, Barrio JM, Carmona L et al.. Variability in resource consumption in patients with spondyloarthritis in Spain. Preliminary descriptive data from the emAR II study. Reumatologia clinica 2012. link 61 Casals-Sánchez JL, García De Yébenes Prous MJ, Descalzo Gallego MÁ, Barrio Olmos JM, Carmona Ortells L, Hernández García C. Characteristics of patients with spondyloarthritis followed in rheumatology units in Spain. emAR II study. Reumatologia clinica 2012. link 62 Bruzzese V. Pyoderma gangrenosum, acne conglobata, suppurative hidradenitis, and axial spondyloarthritis: efficacy of anti-tumor necrosis factor α therapy. Journal of clinical rheumatology : practical reports on rheumatic & musculoskeletal diseases 2012. link 63 Roussou E, Sultana S. Spondyloarthritis in women: differences in disease onset, clinical presentation, and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity and Functional indices (BASDAI and BASFI) between men and women with spondyloarthritides. Clinical rheumatology 2011. link 64 De Langhe E, Lories R, Maenaut K, De Vlam K. The kaleidoscopic presentation of the spondyloarthritis concept in a female patient. Joint bone spine 2011. link 65 Ribeiro DS, Fernandes JL, Rangel L, de Araújo Neto C, D'Almeida F, Moura CG et al.. Spondyloarthritis after bariatric surgery: is there a link?. Clinical rheumatology 2010. link 66 van der Heijde D, Maksymowych WP. Spondyloarthritis: state of the art and future perspectives. Annals of the rheumatic diseases 2010. link 67 D' Agostino MA, Palazzi C, Olivieri I. Entheseal involvement. Clinical and experimental rheumatology 2009. link 68 Taurog JD. Animal models of spondyloarthritis. Advances in experimental medicine and biology 2009. link 69 Iagnocco A, Riente L, Delle Sedie A, Filippucci E, Salaffi F, Meenagh G et al.. Ultrasound imaging for the rheumatologist. XXII. Achilles tendon involvement in spondyloarthritis. A multi-centre study using high frequency volumetric probe. Clinical and experimental rheumatology 2009. link 70 Harper BE, Reveille JD. Spondyloarthritis: clinical suspicion, diagnosis, and sports. Current sports medicine reports 2009. link 71 Heuft-Dorenbosch L, Landewé R, Weijers R, Houben H, van der Linden S, Jacobs P et al.. Performance of various criteria sets in patients with inflammatory back pain of short duration; the Maastricht early spondyloarthritis clinic. Annals of the rheumatic diseases 2007. link 72 Singh JA, Holmgren AR, Krug H, Noorbaloochi S. Accuracy of the diagnoses of spondylarthritides in veterans affairs medical center databases. Arthritis and rheumatism 2007. link 73 Pham T, Guillemin F, Claudepierre P, Luc M, Miceli-Richard C, Fautrel B et al.. TNFalpha antagonist therapy in ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis: recommendations of the French Society for Rheumatology. Joint bone spine 2006. link 74 Fournié B. Pathology and clinico-pathologic correlations in spondyloarthropathies. Joint bone spine 2004. link 75 Foeldvari I, Thiel C, Eiselt M, Weil J. Juvenile spondyloarthritis and severe cardiac involvement in a female patient. The Journal of rheumatology 2003. link 76 Maksymowych WP, Inman RD, Gladman D, Thomson G, Stone M, Karsh J et al.. Canadian Rheumatology Association Consensus on the use of anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha directed therapies in the treatment of spondyloarthritis. The Journal of rheumatology 2003. link 77 Berthelot JM, Saraux A, Le Henaff C, Chalès G, Baron D, Le Goff P et al.. Confidence in the diagnosis of early spondylarthropathy: a prospective follow-up of 270 early arthritis patients. Clinical and experimental rheumatology 2002. link 78 Bowness P. HLA B27 in health and disease: a double-edged sword?. Rheumatology (Oxford, England) 2002. link 79 Prieur AM. Spondylarthropathies in children. Annales de medecine interne 1998. link 80 Angulo J, Espinoza LR. The spectrum of skin, mucosa and other extra-articular manifestations. Bailliere's clinical rheumatology 1998. link80042-3) 81 Khan MA. Spondyloarthropathies-spondylarthropathies. Current opinion in rheumatology 1996. link 82 Cuellar ML, Espinoza LR. Management of spondyloarthropathies. Current opinion in rheumatology 1996. link 83 Calin A. Radiology and spondylarthritis. Bailliere's clinical rheumatology 1996. link80044-6) 84 Speed CA, Haslock I. Coincident seronegative spondarthritis: a case report. Clinical rheumatology 1996. link 85 Amor B, Dougados M, Khan MA. Management of refractory ankylosing spondylitis and related spondyloarthropathies. Rheumatic diseases clinics of North America 1995. link 86 Khan MA, van der Linden SM. Ankylosing spondylitis and other spondyloarthropathies. Rheumatic diseases clinics of North America 1990. link 87 Brewerton DA. Introduction: B27-associated diseases. Scandinavian journal of rheumatology. Supplement 1990. link 88 Schilling F, Stollenwerk R, Dreher R. Traditional and new types of spondarthritis with special consideration of spondylodiscitis. Neurosurgical review 1990. link 89 Yu DT. Molecular mimicry: fact or fiction?. British journal of rheumatology 1988. link 90 Olivieri I, Gherardi S, Bini C, Trippi D, Ciompi ML, Pasero G. Trauma and seronegative spondyloarthropathy: rapid joint destruction in peripheral arthritis triggered by physical injury. Annals of the rheumatic diseases 1988. link 91 Helliwell P, Wright V. Seronegative spondarthritides. 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Original source

[1]
Multidisciplinary spondyloarthrtis and inflammatory bowel disease unit: Report of 7 years' experience. — Llop M, Villoria A, Calvet X, Moreno M, Arévalo M, Saus E et al. Reumatologia clinica (2026)
[2]
Prevalence and risk factors of renal involvement in seronegative spondyloarthropathies: a systematic review. — Tyczyńska KM, Świerkot J Rheumatology international (2025)
[3]
Peripheral Spondyloarthritis: Conceptualization and Diagnosis as a Distinct Rheumatologic Subset of Disease. — Chroneos P, Melville D, Long J, Nagaraja V, Flug JA Seminars in musculoskeletal radiology (2025)
[4]
1995-2025: thirty years of ASAS and its contribution to the understanding of spondyloarthritis. — van der Heijde D, Navarro-Compán V, Landewé R, Sieper J, van Gaalen F, Gensler LS et al. Annals of the rheumatic diseases (2025)
[5]
HLA-B27 Testing in Clinical Practice: A Retrospective Analysis of Testing Indications and Rheumatology Referral Patterns. — McDermott GC, Choufani M, Monshizadeh A, Ermann J The Journal of rheumatology (2025)
[6]
Exploring the causal relationships between spondyloarthritis/ankylosing spondylitis and intervertebral disc degeneration: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. — Qin K, Wang X, Ren G, Kai Zhang, Yang X, Liu Z Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research (2025)
[7]
Pharmacovigilance analysis of spondyloarthritis following HPV vaccination based on the VAERS database. — Yang N, Di J, Feng H Scientific reports (2025)
[8]
South African Rheumatism and Arthritis Association 2024 guidelines for the management of peripheral spondyloarthritis. — Benitha R, Maharaj AB, Makan K, Potts J, Lai A, Carter R et al. South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde (2024)
[9]
The prevalence of sarcopenia in spondyloarthritis patients: a meta-analysis. — Hu J, Wang Y, Ji X, Zhang Y, Li K, Huang F Arthritis research & therapy (2024)
[10]
Women and spondyloarthritis. — Ramonda R, Oliviero F Reumatismo (2024)
[11]
Treatment of spondyloarthritis with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs during pregnancy and breastfeeding: comparing the recommendations and guidelines of the principal societies of rheumatology. — Manara M, Bruno D, Ferrito M, Perniola S, Caporali RF, Gremese E Reumatismo (2024)
[12]
Looking back on 51 years of the Carol Nachman Prize in Rheumatology-significance for the field of spondyloarthritis research. — Braun J, Sieper J, Märker-Hermann E Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie (2024)
[13]
Modified pustulotic arthro-osteitis diagnostic guidance 2022 - Modified Sonozaki criteria - Secondary publication. — Tsuji S, Okubo Y, Kishimoto M, Taniguchi Y, Ishihara Y, Tamura M et al. Modern rheumatology (2024)
[14]
Enhancing Equity in Clinical Research: A Multifaceted Proposal for Spondyloarthritis. — Dubreuil M, Ferucci ED, El-Gabalawy H, Hasni S, Williams EM The Journal of rheumatology (2024)
[15]
Treating spondyloarthritis early: does it matter? Results from a systematic literature review. — Capelusnik D, Benavent D, van der Heijde D, Landewé R, Poddubnyy D, van Tubergen A et al. Rheumatology (Oxford, England) (2023)
[16]
The impact of diet on disease activity in spondyloarthritis: A systematic literature review. — Ortolan A, Felicetti M, Lorenzin M, Cozzi G, Ometto F, Striani G et al. Joint bone spine (2023)
[17]
Intestinal histological findings in patients with spondyloarthritis: a study of the relationship with disease activity. — Simioni J, Skare T, Ioshii S, Campos A, Longo B, Messias-Reason I et al. Revista espanola de enfermedades digestivas (2023)
[18]
Common incidental findings on sacroiliac joint MRI: Added value of MRI-based synthetic CT. — Morbée L, Vereecke E, Laloo F, Chen M, Herregods N, Jans LBO European journal of radiology (2023)
[19]
Balneotherapy in spondyloarthropathy: A systematic review. — Forestier R, Bugnard A, Thomas T Therapie (2022)
[20]
Development of an Item Bank for a Health-Related Quality of Life Measure in Spondyloarthritis. — Kwan YH, Fong W, Woon TH, Phang JK, Png K, Lau JQ et al. The Journal of rheumatology (2022)
[21]
Gut microbiota changes in patients with spondyloarthritis: A systematic review. — Wang L, Wang Y, Zhang P, Song C, Pan F, Li G et al. Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism (2022)
[22]
How is early spondyloarthritis defined in the literature? Results from a systematic review. — Benavent D, Capelusnik D, van der Heijde D, Landewé R, Poddubnyy D, van Tubergen A et al. Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism (2022)
[23]
Controversies in rheumatology: imaging of enthesitis in spondyloarthritis-does it mean anything for treatment decisions? — Balint PV, Poddubnyy D Rheumatology (Oxford, England) (2022)
[24]
Interobserver reliability of Masei index validation by a multicenter collaborative group of rheumatologists. — Moya Alvarado P, de Agustín de Oro JJ, Aparicio Espinar M, Armengol Pérez E, Busquets Pérez N, Carmona L et al. Rheumatology international (2022)
[25]
Suspecting and Diagnosing the Patient with Spondyloarthritis and What to Expect from Therapy. — Mease PJ Rheumatic diseases clinics of North America (2022)
[26]
2022 French Society for Rheumatology (SFR) recommendations on the everyday management of patients with spondyloarthritis, including psoriatic arthritis. — Wendling D, Hecquet S, Fogel O, Letarouilly JG, Verhoeven F, Pham T et al. Joint bone spine (2022)
[27]
2021 clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of patients with peripheral spondyloarthritis. Colombian Association of Rheumatology. — Saldarriaga-Rivera LM, Bautista-Molano W, Junca-Ramírez A, Fernández-Aldana AR, Fernández-Ávila DG, Jaimes DA et al. Reumatologia clinica (2022)
[28]
Glucocorticoids in spondyloarthritis-systematic review and real-world analysis. — Dhir V, Mishra D, Samanta J Rheumatology (Oxford, England) (2021)
[29]
Incidence of spondyloarthritis subtypes: a systematic review. — Alamanos Y, Pelechas E, Voulgari PV, Drosos AA Clinical and experimental rheumatology (2021)
[30]
Suspecting and Diagnosing the Patient with Spondyloarthritis and What to Expect from Therapy. — Mease PJ The Medical clinics of North America (2021)
[31]
Spondyloarthritis: not only enthesitis. — Azzolin I, Massazza G, Iagnocco A Clinical and experimental rheumatology (2020)
[32]
Atlas of the OMERACT Heel Enthesitis MRI Scoring System (HEMRIS). — Mathew AJ, Krabbe S, Eshed I, Lambert RG, Laredo JD, Maksymowych WP et al. RMD open (2020)
[33]
Vitamin D, an inflammatory activity marker for spondyloarthritis? — Castro Corredor D, Ramírez Huaranga MA, Mínguez Sánchez MD, Anino Fernández J, Mateos Rodríguez JJ, Rebollo Giménez AI et al. Archives of osteoporosis (2020)
[34]
MRI lesions in the sacroiliac joints of patients with spondyloarthritis: an update of definitions and validation by the ASAS MRI working group. — Maksymowych WP, Lambert RG, Østergaard M, Pedersen SJ, Machado PM, Weber U et al. Annals of the rheumatic diseases (2019)
[35]
Is undifferentiated spondyloarthritis a discrete entity? A debate. — Deodhar A, Miossec P, Baraliakos X Autoimmunity reviews (2018)
[36]
Enthesitis detection by ultrasound: where are we now? — D'Agostino MA Clinical and experimental rheumatology (2018)
[37]
2018 update of French Society for Rheumatology (SFR) recommendations about the everyday management of patients with spondyloarthritis. — Wendling D, Lukas C, Prati C, Claudepierre P, Gossec L, Goupille P et al. Joint bone spine (2018)
[38]
Utility of CT imaging in differentiating sacroiliitis associated with spondyloarthritis from gouty sacroiliitis: a retrospective study. — Panwar J, Sandhya P, Kandagaddala M, Nair A, Jeyaseelan V, Danda D Clinical rheumatology (2018)
[39]
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