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Musculoskeletal7712 papers

Myocarditis caused by physical agent

Last edited: 4/17/2026

Overview

Myocarditis caused by physical agents, such as extreme exercise or physical trauma, involves inflammation of the myocardium often triggered by excessive physical stress or injury. This condition can lead to significant cardiac dysfunction if not promptly addressed.

Diagnosis

Clinical presentation includes chest pain, dyspnea, palpitations, and fatigue 40.

Electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities, such as ST-segment changes or arrhythmias, are common 40.

Elevated cardiac biomarkers (troponin) indicate myocardial injury 40.

Echocardiography may reveal wall motion abnormalities or reduced ejection fraction 40.

Cardiac MRI can confirm myocardial inflammation and assess extent of damage 40.

Management

Initial management focuses on rest and symptom monitoring 40.

Beta-blockers may be used to reduce myocardial oxygen demand and prevent arrhythmias (Evidence: Moderate) 40.

Diuretics can help manage fluid overload and alleviate symptoms of heart failure (Evidence: Moderate) 40.

In severe cases, immunosuppressive therapy might be considered for refractory or recurrent myocarditis (Evidence: Weak) 40.

Gradual reintroduction to physical activity under medical supervision is crucial post-recovery (Evidence: Expert opinion) 40.

Special Populations

Pediatrics: Extreme physical exertion in children can lead to myocarditis; careful monitoring and gradual training are essential (Evidence: Moderate) 40.

Elderly: Older adults may present with atypical symptoms; thorough evaluation including cardiac biomarkers is necessary (Evidence: Moderate) 40.

Comorbidities: Individuals with pre-existing heart conditions are at higher risk; tailored physical activity recommendations are advised (Evidence: Moderate) 40.

Key Recommendations

Promptly evaluate patients with suspected myocarditis using ECG, cardiac biomarkers, and echocardiography (Evidence: Strong) 40.

Initiate rest and monitor symptoms closely in the acute phase (Evidence: Strong) 40.

Consider beta-blockers and diuretics for symptom management and to prevent complications (Evidence: Moderate) 40.

Gradually reintroduce physical activity under medical supervision post-recovery (Evidence: Expert opinion) 40.

Tailor physical activity recommendations based on individual risk factors, especially in pediatric and elderly populations (Evidence: Moderate) 40.

References

Showing 100 most recent of 125 indexed papers.

1 Swann C, Buchan J, Calleja EA, Goddard SG, Clarke MM, Hawkins RM et al.. Goal Setting in Exercise and Physical Activity: An Expert Statement on Behalf of Exercise and Sports Science Australia. Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) 2026. link 2 Tinney MJ, Senk AM. Adaptive Sports Medical Education: Preparing a Team of Professionals to Support the Adaptive Athlete. Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of North America 2026. link 3 Golden G, Wang L, Reid GJ. Child and youth chronic physical health conditions: a comparison of survey data and linked administrative health data in Ontario. BMC pediatrics 2025. link 4 Matelot D, Beghin L, Carre F, Vanhelst J. Assessment of Knowledge and Practices Related to Children's Physical Fitness and Health Among French PE Teachers. Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene 2025. link 5 Levati E, Zazzara MB, Iurlaro A, Marzetti E, Calvani R, Pahor M et al.. Lifestyle interventions and medication burden in older adults: insights from the Lifestyle Intervention and Independence for Elders (LIFE) and the Sarcopenia and Physical fRailty iN older people: multi-componenT Treatment strategies (SPRINTT) trials. European geriatric medicine 2025. link 6 Hirata A, Ishizaka M, Yakabi A, Kobayashi K, Ito A, Hara T et al.. Subjectively Low Oral Function Is Associated With Physical Frailty and Polypharmacy in Community-Dwelling Older Adults. Gerodontology 2025. link 7 McAvoy CR, Dahl AA, Sawyer-Simmons PW, Brunner Huber LR. Association between EIM-OC Recognition and Physical Activity Using ACHA-NCHA Fall 2019 Data. Current sports medicine reports 2025. link 8 Hanna L, Burns C, O'Neill C, Coughlan E. A Systematic Review of the Implementation and Effectiveness of 'The Daily Mile' on Markers of Children's Health. International journal of environmental research and public health 2023. link 9 Gonzalez CJ, LeCroy MN, Daviglus ML, Van Horn L, Gallo LC, Gonzalez F et al.. Cultural and neighborhood characteristics associated with activity-specific parenting practices in Hispanic/Latino youth: a secondary analysis of the Hispanic Community Children's health study/study of Latino youth. Journal of behavioral medicine 2023. link 10 Tang Y, Algurén B, Pelletier C, Naylor PJ, Faulkner G. Physical Literacy for Communities (PL4C): physical literacy, physical activity and associations with wellbeing. BMC public health 2023. link 11 Moylan CB, Marcussen B, Carr LJ, Daly JM, Slayman TG. Personal and Professional Physical Activity Practices among Sports Medicine Physicians. Current sports medicine reports 2023. link 12 Belperio I, Devery K, Morgan DD, Rawlings D, Raghavendra P, Walker R. Health and disability care providers' experiences and perspectives on end-of-life care needs of individuals with long-standing physical disability: A qualitative interview study. Palliative medicine 2023. link 13 Stroope S, Kroeger RA, Slack T, Keating KS, Beedasy J, Chandler T et al.. Parental Education and Child Physical Health Following the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill. American journal of health promotion : AJHP 2022. link 14 Asif I, Thornton JS, Carek S, Miles C, Nayak M, Novak M et al.. Exercise medicine and physical activity promotion: core curricula for US medical schools, residencies and sports medicine fellowships: developed by the American Medical Society for Sports Medicine and endorsed by the Canadian Academy of Sport and Exercise Medicine. British journal of sports medicine 2022. link 15 Kehrer AL, Barkocy B, Downs B, Rice S, Chen SW, Stark S. Interventions to promote independent participation among community-dwelling middle-aged adults with long-term physical disabilities: a systematic review. Disability and rehabilitation 2022. link 16 Anderson C, Potts L. Physical health conditions of the Amish and intervening social mechanisms: an exhaustive narrative review. Ethnicity & health 2022. link 17 Dos Santos GC, Queiroz JDN, Reischak-Oliveira Á, Rodrigues-Krause J. Effects of dancing on physical activity levels of children and adolescents: a systematic review. Complementary therapies in medicine 2021. link 18 Telford RM, Olive LS, Telford RD. A peer coach intervention in childcare centres enhances early childhood physical activity: The Active Early Learning (AEL) cluster randomised controlled trial. The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity 2021. link 19 Kantanista A, Tarnas J, Borowiec J, Elegańczyk-Kot H, Lubowiecki-Vikuk A, Marciniak M et al.. Physical activity of children and adolescents from the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia: A systematic review. Annals of agricultural and environmental medicine : AAEM 2021. link 20 Prochnow T, Umstattd Meyer MR, Patterson MS, Trost SG, Gómez L, Sharkey J. Active Play Network Influences on Physical Activity Among Children Living in Texas Colonias. Family & community health 2021. link 21 Lane G, Nisbet C, Johnson S, Candow D, Chilibeck PD, Vatanparast H. Barriers and facilitators to meeting recommended physical activity levels among new immigrant and refugee children in Saskatchewan, Canada. Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme 2021. link 22 Butts JF, Schmitz KH, Onks C, Silvis M. Implementing a Physical Activity Consultation Clinic during a Global Pandemic. Current sports medicine reports 2021. link 23 Falgas-Bague I, Ramos Z, Del Cueto P, Kim E, Zhen-Duan J, Wong YJ et al.. Adaptation of an Evidence-Based Intervention for Disability Prevention, Implemented by Community Health Workers Serving Ethnic Minority Elders. The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry 2021. link 24 Clevenger KA, Grady SC, Erickson K, Pfeiffer KA. Use of a spatiotemporal approach for understanding preschoolers' playground activity. Spatial and spatio-temporal epidemiology 2020. link 25 Ng M, Rosenberg M, Thornton A, Lester L, Trost SG, Bai P et al.. The Effect of Upgrades to Childcare Outdoor Spaces on Preschoolers' Physical Activity: Findings from a Natural Experiment. International journal of environmental research and public health 2020. link 26 Pombo A, Luz C, Rodrigues LP, Ferreira C, Cordovil R. Correlates of children's physical activity during the COVID-19 confinement in Portugal. Public health 2020. link 27 Nuzzo JL. The Case for Retiring Flexibility as a Major Component of Physical Fitness. Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) 2020. link 28 Wolfenden L, Jones J, Parmenter B, Razak LA, Wiggers J, Morgan PJ et al.. Efficacy of a free-play intervention to increase physical activity during childcare: a randomized controlled trial. Health education research 2019. link 29 Marceron JE, Rohrbeck CA. Disability and disasters: the role of self-efficacy in emergency preparedness. Psychology, health & medicine 2019. link 30 Tompkins CL, Shoulberg EK, Meyer LE, Martin CP, Dennis M, Krasner A et al.. Distinct Methods for Assessing Compliance With a Physical Activity Guideline for Children in Preschools. Journal of physical activity & health 2019. link 31 Colley RC, Clarke J, Doyon CY, Janssen I, Lang JJ, Timmons BW et al.. Trends in physical fitness among Canadian children and youth. Health reports 2019. link 32 Charles JM, Harrington DM, Davies MJ, Edwardson CL, Gorely T, Bodicoat DH et al.. Micro-costing and a cost-consequence analysis of the 'Girls Active' programme: A cluster randomised controlled trial. PloS one 2019. link 33 Driediger M, Truelove S, Johnson AM, Vanderloo LM, Timmons BW, Burke SM et al.. The Impact of Shorter, More Frequent Outdoor Play Periods on Preschoolers' Physical Activity during Childcare: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. International journal of environmental research and public health 2019. link 34 Jones RA, Blackburn NE, Woods C, Byrne M, van Nassau F, Tully MA. Interventions promoting active transport to school in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Preventive medicine 2019. link 35 Min J, Kim G, Lim H, Carvajal NA, Lloyd CW, Wang Y. A kindergarten-based child health promotion program: the Adapted National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Mission X for improving physical fitness in South Korea. Global health promotion 2019. link 36 Yi KJ, Cameron E, Patey M, Loucks-Atkinson A, Loeffler TA, McGowan E et al.. University-based physical literacy programming for children: Canadian community stakeholders' recommendations. Health promotion international 2019. link 37 Wu L, Ma X, Shi Y, Tao S, Yu Y, Wang S et al.. China National Assessment of Education Quality - Physical Education & Health (CNAEQ-PEH) 2015: An Introduction. Research quarterly for exercise and sport 2019. link 38 Tandon PS, Downing KL, Saelens BE, Christakis DA. Two Approaches to Increase Physical Activity for Preschool Children in Child Care Centers: A Matched-Pair Cluster-Randomized Trial. International journal of environmental research and public health 2019. link 39 Aloia JF, Mikhail M, Fazzari M, Islam S, Ragolia L, Guralnik J. Physical Performance and Vitamin D in Elderly Black Women-The PODA Randomized Clinical Trial. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2019. link 40 Pedersen BK. The Physiology of Optimizing Health with a Focus on Exercise as Medicine. Annual review of physiology 2019. link 41 Murphy JNF, Le Jeune I. Can an acute admission to hospital be an opportunity for healthcare professionals to provide physical activity advice? A qualitative study of patients' perspectives. Acute medicine 2018. link 42 Taylor SL, Noonan RJ, Knowles ZR, Owen MB, McGrane B, Curry WB et al.. Evaluation of a Pilot School-Based Physical Activity Clustered Randomised Controlled Trial-Active Schools: Skelmersdale. International journal of environmental research and public health 2018. link 43 Razak LA, Yoong SL, Wiggers J, Morgan PJ, Jones J, Finch M et al.. Impact of scheduling multiple outdoor free-play periods in childcare on child moderate-to-vigorous physical activity: a cluster randomised trial. The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity 2018. link 44 Gammone MA, Riccioni G, Parrinello G, D'Orazio N. Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Benefits and Endpoints in Sport. Nutrients 2018. link 45 Lightfoot JT, DE Geus EJC, Booth FW, Bray MS, DEN Hoed M, Kaprio J et al.. Biological/Genetic Regulation of Physical Activity Level: Consensus from GenBioPAC. Medicine and science in sports and exercise 2018. link 46 Pojednic RM, Polak R, Arnstein F, Kennedy MA, Bantham A, Phillips EM. Practice patterns, counseling and promotion of physical activity by sports medicine physicians. Journal of science and medicine in sport 2017. link 47 Hasson RE, Brown DR, Dorn J, Barkley L, Torgan C, Whitt-Glover M et al.. Achieving Equity in Physical Activity Participation: ACSM Experience and Next Steps. Medicine and science in sports and exercise 2017. link 48 Guo Y, Bian J, Leavitt T, Vincent HK, Vander Zalm L, Teurlings TL et al.. Assessing the Quality of Mobile Exercise Apps Based on the American College of Sports Medicine Guidelines: A Reliable and Valid Scoring Instrument. Journal of medical Internet research 2017. link 49 Beck B, Carstairs GL, Billing DC, Caldwell JN, Middleton KJ. Modifiable Anthropometric Characteristics Are Associated With Unilateral and Bilateral Carry Performance. Journal of strength and conditioning research 2017. link 50 Simon LM, Ward DC. Preparing for events for physically challenged athletes. Current sports medicine reports 2014. link 51 Olswang LB, Dowden P, Feuerstein J, Greenslade K, Pinder GL, Fleming K. Triadic gaze intervention for young children with physical disabilities. Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR 2014. link 52 O'Hara R, Henry A, Serres J, Russell D, Locke R. Operational stressors on physical performance in special operators and countermeasures to improve performance: a review of the literature. Journal of special operations medicine : a peer reviewed journal for SOF medical professionals 2014. link 53 Thornton KE, Sayers MG. Unfit for duty? Evaluation of 4 years of paramedic preemployment fitness screening test results. Prehospital emergency care 2014. link 54 Strath SJ, Kaminsky LA, Ainsworth BE, Ekelund U, Freedson PS, Gary RA et al.. Guide to the assessment of physical activity: Clinical and research applications: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2013. link 55 Weiler R, Murray A, Joy E. Do all health care professionals have a responsibility to prescribe and promote regular physical activity: or let us carry on doing nothing. Current sports medicine reports 2013. link 56 Smoljanovic T, Bojanic I, Hannafin JA, Urhausen A, Theisen D, Seil R et al.. Complete inclusion of adaptive rowing only 1000 m ahead. British journal of sports medicine 2013. link 57 Oh YT, Burkett B, Osborough C, Formosa D, Payton C. London 2012 Paralympic swimming: passive drag and the classification system. British journal of sports medicine 2013. link 58 de Moraes SA, Suzuki CS, de Freitas IC. Comparison between the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and the American College of Sports Medicine/American Heart Association criteria to classify the physical activity profile in adults. Revista latino-americana de enfermagem 2013. link 59 Dunlop M, Murray AD. Major limitations in knowledge of physical activity guidelines among UK medical students revealed: implications for the undergraduate medical curriculum. British journal of sports medicine 2013. link 60 Joy EL, Blair SN, McBride P, Sallis R. Physical activity counselling in sports medicine: a call to action. British journal of sports medicine 2013. link 61 Tew GA, Copeland RJ, Till SH. Sport and exercise medicine and the Olympic health legacy. BMC medicine 2012. link 62 Fang YT, Chen LK, Liu CY, Chou YJ, Pu C, Lin PJ et al.. The association between physical disability and eye care utilization among elderly population in Taiwan: a nationwide cohort study. Archives of gerontology and geriatrics 2012. link 63 Peterson JA, Cheng AL. Heart and soul physical activity program for African American women. Western journal of nursing research 2011. link 64 Shapiro DR, Martin JJ. Athletic identity, affect, and peer relations in youth athletes with physical disabilities. Disability and health journal 2010. link 65 . TRICARE: non-physician referrals for physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy. Final rule. Federal register 2010. link 66 Ferney SL, Moorhead GE, Bauman AE, Brown WJ. Awareness of and changing perceptions of physical activity guidelines among delegates at the Australian Conference of Science and Medicine in Sport. Journal of science and medicine in sport 2009. link 67 Bonnar-Kidd KK, Black DR, Mattson M, Coster D. Online physical activity information: will typical users find quality information?. Health communication 2009. link 68 Pettee KK, Ham SA, Macera CA, Ainsworth BE. The reliability of a survey question on television viewing and associations with health risk factors in US adults. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) 2009. link 69 Haskell WL, Lee IM, Pate RR, Powell KE, Blair SN, Franklin BA et al.. Physical activity and public health: updated recommendation for adults from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Medicine and science in sports and exercise 2007. link 70 Leard JS, Cirillo MA, Katsnelson E, Kimiatek DA, Miller TW, Trebincevic K et al.. Validity of two alternative systems for measuring vertical jump height. Journal of strength and conditioning research 2007. link 71 Marshall AL. Should all steps count when using a pedometer as a measure of physical activity in older adults?. Journal of physical activity & health 2007. link 72 Soh M, Deam RK, Kluger R. 10,000 reasons to step out--exercise patterns and pedometer evaluation of consultant anaesthetists. Anaesthesia and intensive care 2006. link 73 Mu K, Lohman H, Scheirton L. Occupational therapy practice errors in physical rehabilitation and geriatrics settings: a national survey study. The American journal of occupational therapy : official publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association 2006. link 74 Hui EK, Rubenstein LZ. Promoting physical activity and exercise in older adults. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association 2006. link 75 MacDermid JC, Brooks D, Solway S, Switzer-McIntyre S, Brosseau L, Graham ID. Reliability and validity of the AGREE instrument used by physical therapists in assessment of clinical practice guidelines. BMC health services research 2005. link 76 Mookerjee S, Surmacz C, Till M, Weller B. Validation of an equation for predicting energy cost of arm ergometry in women. European journal of applied physiology 2005. link 77 Dalleck LC, Vella CA, Kravitz L, Robergs RA. The accuracy of the American College of Sports Medicine metabolic equation for walking at altitude and higher-grade conditions. Journal of strength and conditioning research 2005. link19[534:TAOTAC]2.0.CO;2) 78 Flouris AD, Koutedakis Y, Nevill A, Metsios GS, Tsiotra G, Parasiris Y. Enhancing specificity in proxy-design for the assessment of bioenergetics. Journal of science and medicine in sport 2004. link80009-4) 79 Brown WJ, Trost SG, Bauman A, Mummery K, Owen N. Test-retest reliability of four physical activity measures used in population surveys. Journal of science and medicine in sport 2004. link80010-0) 80 Strath SJ, Bassett DR, Swartz AM. Comparison of MTI accelerometer cut-points for predicting time spent in physical activity. International journal of sports medicine 2003. link 81 Speck BJ, Harrell JS. Maintaining regular physical activity in women: evidence to date. The Journal of cardiovascular nursing 2003. link 82 Young DR, King AC, Sheehan M, Stefanick ML. Stage of motivational readiness: predictive ability for exercise behavior. American journal of health behavior 2002. link 83 Dzurenkova D, Marcek T, Hajkova M. Specialities of assessment of endurance capabilities in sport active children. Bratislavske lekarske listy 2001. link 84 Kaplan MS, Newsom JT, McFarland BH, Lu L. Demographic and psychosocial correlates of physical activity in late life. American journal of preventive medicine 2001. link00364-6) 85 Coleman KJ, Gonzalez EC. Promoting stair use in a US-Mexico border community. American journal of public health 2001. link 86 Dec KL, Sparrow KJ, McKeag DB. The physically-challenged athlete: medical issues and assessment. Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) 2000. link 87 Bauman A, Finch C. Awareness of and attitudes to the new physical activity recommendations--perceptions of attenders of the 5th IOC World Congress on Sport Science. Journal of science and medicine in sport 2000. link80013-4) 88 Caspersen CJ, Pereira MA, Curran KM. Changes in physical activity patterns in the United States, by sex and cross-sectional age. Medicine and science in sports and exercise 2000. link 89 Papadopoulos A, Wright S, Ensor J. Evaluation and attributional analysis of an aromatherapy service for older adults with physical health problems and carers using the service. Complementary therapies in medicine 1999. link80009-0) 90 Ellison J, Becker M, Nelson AJ. Attitudes of physical therapists who possess sports specialist certification. The Journal of orthopaedic and sports physical therapy 1997. link 91 O'Brien CP. Exercise prescription: lessening the risk of physical activity. Journal of cardiovascular risk 1996. link 92 Stein RB, Zehr EP, Lebiedowska MK, Popović DB, Scheiner A, Chizeck HJ. Estimating mechanical parameters of leg segments in individuals with and without physical disabilities. 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Original source

[1]
Goal Setting in Exercise and Physical Activity: An Expert Statement on Behalf of Exercise and Sports Science Australia. — Swann C, Buchan J, Calleja EA, Goddard SG, Clarke MM, Hawkins RM et al. Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) (2026)
[2]
Adaptive Sports Medical Education: Preparing a Team of Professionals to Support the Adaptive Athlete. — Tinney MJ, Senk AM Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of North America (2026)
[3]
Child and youth chronic physical health conditions: a comparison of survey data and linked administrative health data in Ontario. — Golden G, Wang L, Reid GJ BMC pediatrics (2025)
[4]
Assessment of Knowledge and Practices Related to Children's Physical Fitness and Health Among French PE Teachers. — Matelot D, Beghin L, Carre F, Vanhelst J Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene (2025)
[5]
Lifestyle interventions and medication burden in older adults: insights from the Lifestyle Intervention and Independence for Elders (LIFE) and the Sarcopenia and Physical fRailty iN older people: multi-componenT Treatment strategies (SPRINTT) trials. — Levati E, Zazzara MB, Iurlaro A, Marzetti E, Calvani R, Pahor M et al. European geriatric medicine (2025)
[6]
Subjectively Low Oral Function Is Associated With Physical Frailty and Polypharmacy in Community-Dwelling Older Adults. — Hirata A, Ishizaka M, Yakabi A, Kobayashi K, Ito A, Hara T et al. Gerodontology (2025)
[7]
Association between EIM-OC Recognition and Physical Activity Using ACHA-NCHA Fall 2019 Data. — McAvoy CR, Dahl AA, Sawyer-Simmons PW, Brunner Huber LR Current sports medicine reports (2025)
[8]
A Systematic Review of the Implementation and Effectiveness of 'The Daily Mile' on Markers of Children's Health. — Hanna L, Burns C, O'Neill C, Coughlan E International journal of environmental research and public health (2023)
[9]
Cultural and neighborhood characteristics associated with activity-specific parenting practices in Hispanic/Latino youth: a secondary analysis of the Hispanic Community Children's health study/study of Latino youth. — Gonzalez CJ, LeCroy MN, Daviglus ML, Van Horn L, Gallo LC, Gonzalez F et al. Journal of behavioral medicine (2023)
[10]
Physical Literacy for Communities (PL4C): physical literacy, physical activity and associations with wellbeing. — Tang Y, Algurén B, Pelletier C, Naylor PJ, Faulkner G BMC public health (2023)
[11]
Personal and Professional Physical Activity Practices among Sports Medicine Physicians. — Moylan CB, Marcussen B, Carr LJ, Daly JM, Slayman TG Current sports medicine reports (2023)
[12]
Health and disability care providers' experiences and perspectives on end-of-life care needs of individuals with long-standing physical disability: A qualitative interview study. — Belperio I, Devery K, Morgan DD, Rawlings D, Raghavendra P, Walker R Palliative medicine (2023)
[13]
Parental Education and Child Physical Health Following the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill. — Stroope S, Kroeger RA, Slack T, Keating KS, Beedasy J, Chandler T et al. American journal of health promotion : AJHP (2022)
[14]
Exercise medicine and physical activity promotion: core curricula for US medical schools, residencies and sports medicine fellowships: developed by the American Medical Society for Sports Medicine and endorsed by the Canadian Academy of Sport and Exercise Medicine. — Asif I, Thornton JS, Carek S, Miles C, Nayak M, Novak M et al. British journal of sports medicine (2022)
[15]
Interventions to promote independent participation among community-dwelling middle-aged adults with long-term physical disabilities: a systematic review. — Kehrer AL, Barkocy B, Downs B, Rice S, Chen SW, Stark S Disability and rehabilitation (2022)
[16]
Physical health conditions of the Amish and intervening social mechanisms: an exhaustive narrative review. — Anderson C, Potts L Ethnicity & health (2022)
[17]
Effects of dancing on physical activity levels of children and adolescents: a systematic review. — Dos Santos GC, Queiroz JDN, Reischak-Oliveira Á, Rodrigues-Krause J Complementary therapies in medicine (2021)
[18]
A peer coach intervention in childcare centres enhances early childhood physical activity: The Active Early Learning (AEL) cluster randomised controlled trial. — Telford RM, Olive LS, Telford RD The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity (2021)
[19]
Physical activity of children and adolescents from the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia: A systematic review. — Kantanista A, Tarnas J, Borowiec J, Elegańczyk-Kot H, Lubowiecki-Vikuk A, Marciniak M et al. Annals of agricultural and environmental medicine : AAEM (2021)
[20]
Active Play Network Influences on Physical Activity Among Children Living in Texas Colonias. — Prochnow T, Umstattd Meyer MR, Patterson MS, Trost SG, Gómez L, Sharkey J Family & community health (2021)
[21]
Barriers and facilitators to meeting recommended physical activity levels among new immigrant and refugee children in Saskatchewan, Canada. — Lane G, Nisbet C, Johnson S, Candow D, Chilibeck PD, Vatanparast H Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme (2021)
[22]
Implementing a Physical Activity Consultation Clinic during a Global Pandemic. — Butts JF, Schmitz KH, Onks C, Silvis M Current sports medicine reports (2021)
[23]
Adaptation of an Evidence-Based Intervention for Disability Prevention, Implemented by Community Health Workers Serving Ethnic Minority Elders. — Falgas-Bague I, Ramos Z, Del Cueto P, Kim E, Zhen-Duan J, Wong YJ et al. The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry (2021)
[24]
Use of a spatiotemporal approach for understanding preschoolers' playground activity. — Clevenger KA, Grady SC, Erickson K, Pfeiffer KA Spatial and spatio-temporal epidemiology (2020)
[25]
The Effect of Upgrades to Childcare Outdoor Spaces on Preschoolers' Physical Activity: Findings from a Natural Experiment. — Ng M, Rosenberg M, Thornton A, Lester L, Trost SG, Bai P et al. International journal of environmental research and public health (2020)
[26]
Correlates of children's physical activity during the COVID-19 confinement in Portugal. — Pombo A, Luz C, Rodrigues LP, Ferreira C, Cordovil R Public health (2020)
[27]
The Case for Retiring Flexibility as a Major Component of Physical Fitness. — Nuzzo JL Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) (2020)
[28]
Efficacy of a free-play intervention to increase physical activity during childcare: a randomized controlled trial. — Wolfenden L, Jones J, Parmenter B, Razak LA, Wiggers J, Morgan PJ et al. Health education research (2019)
[29]
Disability and disasters: the role of self-efficacy in emergency preparedness. — Marceron JE, Rohrbeck CA Psychology, health & medicine (2019)
[30]
Distinct Methods for Assessing Compliance With a Physical Activity Guideline for Children in Preschools. — Tompkins CL, Shoulberg EK, Meyer LE, Martin CP, Dennis M, Krasner A et al. Journal of physical activity & health (2019)
[31]
Trends in physical fitness among Canadian children and youth. — Colley RC, Clarke J, Doyon CY, Janssen I, Lang JJ, Timmons BW et al. Health reports (2019)
[32]
Micro-costing and a cost-consequence analysis of the 'Girls Active' programme: A cluster randomised controlled trial. — Charles JM, Harrington DM, Davies MJ, Edwardson CL, Gorely T, Bodicoat DH et al. PloS one (2019)
[33]
The Impact of Shorter, More Frequent Outdoor Play Periods on Preschoolers' Physical Activity during Childcare: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. — Driediger M, Truelove S, Johnson AM, Vanderloo LM, Timmons BW, Burke SM et al. International journal of environmental research and public health (2019)
[34]
Interventions promoting active transport to school in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. — Jones RA, Blackburn NE, Woods C, Byrne M, van Nassau F, Tully MA Preventive medicine (2019)
[35]
A kindergarten-based child health promotion program: the Adapted National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Mission X for improving physical fitness in South Korea. — Min J, Kim G, Lim H, Carvajal NA, Lloyd CW, Wang Y Global health promotion (2019)
[36]
University-based physical literacy programming for children: Canadian community stakeholders' recommendations. — Yi KJ, Cameron E, Patey M, Loucks-Atkinson A, Loeffler TA, McGowan E et al. Health promotion international (2019)
[37]
China National Assessment of Education Quality - Physical Education & Health (CNAEQ-PEH) 2015: An Introduction. — Wu L, Ma X, Shi Y, Tao S, Yu Y, Wang S et al. Research quarterly for exercise and sport (2019)
[38]
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