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Emergency Medicine21 papers

Perforation of nasal septum

Last edited: 4/10/2026

Overview

Nasal septal perforation is a condition characterized by a hole in the septum separating the nasal passages. Common symptoms include crusting, epistaxis, and nasal obstruction 1.

Diagnosis

  • Symptoms may include crusting, epistaxis, and nasal obstruction 1.
  • Management

  • Surgical repair has a reported overall closure rate of 0.86 [95% CI 0.76-0.95] in pediatric patients 1.
  • Special Populations

  • In pediatric patients, the most common etiologies for nasal septal perforations are iatrogenic (34.25%), traumatic (23.29%), and idiopathic (18.26%) 1.
  • Foreign body-related defects are also reported in a high proportion of pediatric patients 1.
  • Closure rates for surgical repair remain high in pediatric patients 1.
  • Key Recommendations

  • Surgical repair of pediatric nasal septal perforations has a high closure rate 1. (Evidence: Moderate)
  • Iatrogenic and traumatic causes are the primary etiologies for nasal septal perforations in children 1. (Evidence: Moderate)
  • Foreign bodies are a significant cause of nasal septal defects in pediatric patients 1. (Evidence: Moderate)
  • References

    1 Sharma A, Mamoun L, Punjabi N, Qu R, Peterson JD, Inman JC. Paediatric Nasal Septal Perforations Systematic Review: Etiologies, Symptoms, and Treatment Outcomes. Clinical otolaryngology : official journal of ENT-UK ; official journal of Netherlands Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology & Cervico-Facial Surgery 2025. link

    Original source

    1. [1]
      Paediatric Nasal Septal Perforations Systematic Review: Etiologies, Symptoms, and Treatment Outcomes.Sharma A, Mamoun L, Punjabi N, Qu R, Peterson JD, Inman JC Clinical otolaryngology : official journal of ENT-UK ; official journal of Netherlands Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology & Cervico-Facial Surgery (2025)

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