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Infectious Disease212 papers

Sexually transmitted infectious disease

Last edited: 4/13/2026

Overview

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) encompass a broad range of pathogens transmitted through sexual contact, posing significant public health challenges globally. Effective management requires comprehensive screening, timely diagnosis, and appropriate treatment to prevent complications and transmission.

Diagnosis

Key Diagnostic Criteria: Symptomatic presentation (e.g., genital ulcers, discharge, pain), epidemiological risk factors (e.g., multiple sexual partners, unprotected sex).

Recommended Tests: Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae 11, rapid point-of-care tests for STI screening 2 33.

Grading: Positive NAAT results are definitive; repeat testing may be necessary in low prevalence settings 17.

Management

First-Line Treatments:

- Chlamydia trachomatis: Doxycycline 100 mg orally twice daily for 7 days 3 17. - Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Ceftriaxone 250 mg intramuscularly plus azithromycin 1 g orally as a single dose 17.

Adjunctive Treatments: Partner notification and expedited partner therapy (EPT) using antibiotics 19 39.

Postexposure Prophylaxis: Doxycycline postexposure prophylaxis (doxy-PEP) for prevention of bacterial STIs 3 8.

Special Populations

Pregnancy: Routine screening for Treponema pallidum, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Trichomonas vaginalis 20.

Pediatrics: Specialized care and parental involvement in management; screening guidelines vary by age and risk factors 71.

Elderly: Increasing incidence noted; tailored screening based on sexual activity and risk factors 41.

Comorbidities: Consider potential drug interactions, especially with antibiotic use; manage accordingly 6.

Key Recommendations

Implement routine screening for high-risk populations and asymptomatic individuals to detect STIs early (Evidence: Strong 1 17).

Utilize point-of-care tests to enhance accessibility and timely diagnosis in resource-limited settings (Evidence: Moderate 2 33).

Employ expedited partner therapy (EPT) to effectively treat sexual partners and reduce reinfection rates (Evidence: Moderate 19 39).

Consider doxycycline postexposure prophylaxis for individuals at high risk of bacterial STIs, balancing efficacy with resistance concerns (Evidence: Moderate 3 8).

Ensure comprehensive education and counseling on safer sex practices, including condom use, for all patients (Evidence: Expert opinion 26 39).

References

1 White JA, Dukers-Muijrers NH, Hoebe CJ, Kenyon CR, Dc Ross J, Unemo M. 2025 European guideline on the management of . International journal of STD & AIDS 2025. link 2 Brown JE, Hudson KM, Rompalo AM, Gaydos CA. Patterns of Use and Barriers to STI Point-of-care Tests for Military Obstetrician Gynecologists. Military medicine 2025. link 3 Bachmann LH, Barbee LA, Chan P, Reno H, Workowski KA, Hoover K et al.. CDC Clinical Guidelines on the Use of Doxycycline Postexposure Prophylaxis for Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infection Prevention, United States, 2024. MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports 2024. link 4 Riera-Monroig J, Feltes-Ochoa RA, Quiles-Melero I, Martin-Gorgojo A. [Translated article] AEDV Expert Consensus Document on the Organization of a Multidisciplinary Unit for Patients With or at Risk of Venereal Infections. Actas dermo-sifiliograficas 2024. link 5 Pérez Mesonero R, Català Gonzalo A, González Muñoz P, González Rey P, Fuertes de Vega I. [Translated article] Expert Recommendations from the AEDV on Legal Aspects Surrounding the Management of Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Actas dermo-sifiliograficas 2024. link 6 Tsiapakidou S, Khattak H, Mukhopadhyay S, Mahmood T, Savona-Ventura C, Messinis I et al.. Safer Sex. Access, availability, and quality of sexually transmitted infections healthcare across Europe: Call for Action by the European Board and College of Obstetrics & Gynaecology (EBCOG) and European Society of Contraception (ESCRH). European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology 2024. link 7 Bibb LA, Htet KZ, Waldman CW, Sloan SB. Sexually transmitted infections and HIV in ophthalmology. Clinics in dermatology 2024. link 8 Cannon CA, Celum CL. Doxycycline postexposure prophylaxis for prevention of sexually transmitted infections. Topics in antiviral medicine 2023. link00448-5) 9 Kelly K, Sommer M, Vail B. An STI upsurge requires a nimble approach to care. The Journal of family practice 2023. link 10 Pearson WS, Chan PA, Habel MA, Haderxhanaj LT, Hogben M, Aral SO. A Description of Telehealth Use Among Sexually Transmitted Infection Providers in the United States, 2021. Sexually transmitted diseases 2023. link 11 Xu Y, Aboud L, Chow EPF, Mello MB, Wi T, Baggaley R et al.. The diagnostic accuracy of pooled testing from multiple individuals for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae: a systematic review. International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases 2022. link 12 Cohen J. Antibiotic after sex could help curb infections. Science (New York, N.Y.) 2022. link 13 Lipps AA, Bazan JA, Lustberg ME, Sobhanie MM, Pollak B, Nandam K et al.. A Collaborative Intervention Between Emergency Medicine and Infectious Diseases to Increase Syphilis and HIV Screening in the Emergency Department. Sexually transmitted diseases 2022. link 14 Shahwan KT, Nosewicz J, Trinidad J, Carr DR. Sexual and gender minority publication trends in the dermatology literature. Archives of dermatological research 2022. link 15 Vasudeva I, Hartnett J, Bondi L, Newmark A, Lindsay S. Quality-Improvement Initiative for Expedited Partner Therapy Provision in an Obstetrics and Gynecology Office. Obstetrics and gynecology 2022. link 16 Liu T, Lai SY, Zhou W, Liu YL, Chen SS, Jiang YM. Analysis of Ureaplasma urealyticum, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections among obstetrics and gynecological outpatients in southwest China: a retrospective study. BMC infectious diseases 2022. link 17 Workowski KA, Bachmann LH, Chan PA, Johnston CM, Muzny CA, Park I et al.. Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021. MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports 2021. link 18 de Vries HJC, Nori AV, Kiellberg Larsen H, Kreuter A, Padovese V, Pallawela S et al.. 2021 European Guideline on the management of proctitis, proctocolitis and enteritis caused by sexually transmissible pathogens. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV 2021. link 19 Shallie PD, Haffejee F. Systematic review and meta-analysis assessing the knowledge and use of the female condom among Nigerians. African health sciences 2021. link 20 Glassford M, Davis M, Rivas S. Sexually Transmitted Infections in Pregnancy: An Update for Primary Care Providers. The Nursing clinics of North America 2020. link 21 Yeung H, Luk KM, Chen SC, Ginsberg BA, Katz KA. Dermatologic care for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender persons: Epidemiology, screening, and disease prevention. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 2019. link 22 Nguyen SH, Dang AK, Vu GT, Nguyen CT, Le THT, Truong NT et al.. Lack of Knowledge about Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs): Implications for STDs Prevention and Care among Dermatology Patients in an Urban City in Vietnam. International journal of environmental research and public health 2019. link 23 Rompalo AM, Castleberry N, Widdice L, Schulkin J, Gaydos CA. Patterns of point-of-care test use among obstetricians and gynaecologists in the US. Sexual health 2018. link 24 Low N, Broutet NJ. Sexually transmitted infections-Research priorities for new challenges. PLoS medicine 2017. link 25 Ladika S. Far From Over: STDs Have Made a Comeback. Managed care (Langhorne, Pa.) 2017. link 26 . Committee Opinion No. 708 Summary: Improving Awareness of and Screening for Health Risks Among Sex Workers. Obstetrics and gynecology 2017. link 27 Nasirian M, Baneshi MR, Kamali K, Haghdoost AA. Population-based survey on STI-associated symptoms and health-seeking behaviours among Iranian adults. Sexually transmitted infections 2016. link 28 Casillas-Vega N, Morfín-Otero R, García S, Llaca-Díaz J, Rodríguez-Noriega E, Camacho-Ortiz A et al.. Sexually transmitted pathogens, coinfections and risk factors in patients attending obstetrics and gynecology clinics in Jalisco, Mexico. Salud publica de Mexico 2016. link 29 . Committee Opinion No. 678: Comprehensive Sexuality Education. Obstetrics and gynecology 2016. link 30 Workowski KA, Bolan GA. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2015. MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports 2015. link 31 . Plan to improve health care for men who have sex with men. Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987) 2015. link 32 Leddy MA, Anderson BL, Schulkin J. Obstetrician-Gynecologists' Practices, Statistical Literacy, and Risk Communication with Regard to Sexually Transmitted Infections. Current HIV research 2015. link 33 Díaz-Díaz RM. Advertising in Actas Dermosifiliográficas, 1909-1939. Actas dermo-sifiliograficas 2014. link 34 Bailey HR, Lazaro N, Sashidharan PN, McNamara V, Lee M. A national audit of the management of young people in genitourinary medicine clinics (level 3 services) in the United Kingdom. International journal of STD & AIDS 2014. link 35 Hamasuna R, Takahashi S, Uehara S, Matsumoto T. Should urologists care for the pharyngeal infection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia trachomatis when we treat male urethritis?. Journal of infection and chemotherapy : official journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy 2012. link 36 Yancey JB, Nussbaum ML, Elliot MC, Kullstam SM, Franco A. Antenatal sexually transmitted infection screening in private and indigent clinics in a community hospital system. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology 2012. link 37 Cosh J. Making contact. Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987) 2011. link 38 Taylor MM, Collier MG, Winscott MM, Mickey T, England B. Reticence to prescribe: utilization of expedited partner therapy among obstetrics providers in Arizona. International journal of STD & AIDS 2011. link 39 . Committee opinion no. 506: expedited partner therapy in the management of gonorrhea and chlamydia by obstetrician-gynecologists. Obstetrics and gynecology 2011. link 40 Lawrence RE, Rasinski KA, Yoon JD, Curlin FA. Obstetrician-gynecologists' beliefs about safe-sex and abstinence counseling. International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics 2011. link 41 Lynch E. Middle-aged spread. Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987) 2008. link 42 McAndrew SE, Williams OE, Rogstad KE, Kell PD. Management of under-16-year olds in UK genitourinary medicine clinics: British Co-operative Clinical Group. International journal of STD & AIDS 2008. link 43 Montaño DE, Phillips WR, Kasprzyk D, Greek A. STD/HIV prevention practices among primary care clinicians: risk assessment, prevention counseling, and testing. Sexually transmitted diseases 2008. link 44 Todd CS, Ahmadzai M, Smith JM, Siddiqui H, Ghazanfar SA, Strathdee SA. Attitudes and practices of obstetric care providers in Kabul, Afghanistan regarding antenatal testing for sexually transmitted infection. Journal of obstetric, gynecologic, and neonatal nursing : JOGNN 2008. link 45 Mitchell D. STI in the digital age. Sexually transmitted infections 2007. link 46 Mathews C, Coetzee D. Partner notification for the control of sexually transmitted infections. BMJ (Clinical research ed.) 2007. link 47 Ward H, Aral SO. Globalisation, the sex industry, and health. Sexually transmitted infections 2006. link 48 Cassell JA. Estimating STI morbidity in primary care. Sexually transmitted infections 2006. link 49 Ross JD, Ison C, Radcliffe KW. A paradigm shift in testing for sexually transmitted infections. Sexually transmitted infections 2006. link 50 Waugh M. Sexually transmitted infections: points of interest for 2006. Skinmed 2006. link 51 Rosen T. Sexually transmitted diseases 2006: a dermatologist's view. Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine 2006. link 52 Gift TL, Hogben M. Emergency department sexually transmitted disease and human immunodeficiency virus screening: findings from a national survey. Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine 2006. link 53 Alawattegama AB, Rajamanoharan S, Maw R, Carne CA. Survey of prioritizing/triaging of appointments in genitourinary medicine clinics in the UK: a British Co-operative Clinical Group survey. International journal of STD & AIDS 2006. link 54 . Navy condom strategies work--in foreign ports. Study highlights intervention strategies. AIDS alert 2004. link 55 van der Snoek E, de Wit J, Götz H, Mulder P, van 'T Hof A, Verkooyen R et al.. Demographics, sexual behaviour and STD/HIV prevalence in two groups of men who have sex with men, in Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Acta dermato-venereologica 2004. link 56 Melville CR, Bigrigg A, Nandwani R. Client perspectives on sexual health service provision. International journal of STD & AIDS 2004. link 57 Griffiths V, Ahmed-Jushuf I, Cassell JA. Understanding access to genitourinary medicine services. International journal of STD & AIDS 2004. link 58 Rogstad KE, Dale H. What are the needs of asylum seekers attending an STI clinic and are they significantly different from those of British patients?. International journal of STD & AIDS 2004. link 59 Seivewright H, Salkovskis P, Green J, Mullan N, Behr G, Carlin E et al.. Prevalence and service implications of health anxiety in genitourinary medicine clinics. International journal of STD & AIDS 2004. link 60 Wimberly YH, Hogben M. Physicians' STD diagnosis and screening practices in the South. Southern medical journal 2004. link 61 Jackson D, Dallabetta G, Steen R. Sexually transmitted infections: prevention and management. Clinics in occupational and environmental medicine 2004. link 62 Rogstad KE. Medical workforce speciality review for genitourinary medicine 2002/2003: England, Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland. International journal of STD & AIDS 2003. link 63 Schneede P, Tenke P, Hofstetter AG. Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)--a synoptic overview for urologists. European urology 2003. link00193-3) 64 Lush L, Walt G, Ogden J. Transferring policies for treating sexually transmitted infections: what's wrong with global guidelines?. Health policy and planning 2003. link 65 Wilson MM. Sexually transmitted diseases. Clinics in geriatric medicine 2003. link00109-x) 66 Hogben M, St Lawrence JS, Kasprzyk D, Montano DE, Counts GW, McCree DH et al.. Sexually transmitted disease screening by United States obstetricians and gynecologists. Obstetrics and gynecology 2002. link02167-1) 67 Mommers JM, van der Meijden WI. Do Dutch dermatologists care for venereology? An inquiry among all non-academic dermatologists in The Netherlands. International journal of STD & AIDS 2002. link 68 Challenor R, Crowley T. A survey of non-consultant career grade doctors in genitourinary medicine: their knowledge of guidelines and their access to information technology 2001. International journal of STD & AIDS 2002. link 69 Haley N, Maheux B, Rivard M, Gervais A. Unsafe sex, substance abuse, and domestic violence: how do recently trained obstetricians-gynecologists fare at lifestyle risk assessment and counseling on STD prevention?. Preventive medicine 2002. link 70 Thomas DJ. Sexually transmitted viral infections: epidemiology and treatment. Journal of obstetric, gynecologic, and neonatal nursing : JOGNN 2001. link 71 Williams O, Forster G, Robinson A. Screening for sexually transmitted infections in children and adolescents in the United Kingdom: British Co-operative Clinical Group. International journal of STD & AIDS 2001. link 72 Weisbord JS, Koumans EH, Toomey KE, Grayson C, Markowitz LE. Sexually transmitted diseases during pregnancy: screening, diagnostic, and treatment practices among prenatal care providers in Georgia. Southern medical journal 2001. link 73 Khandwalla HE, Luby S, Rahman S. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding sexually transmitted infections among general practitioners and medical specialists in Karachi, Pakistan. Sexually transmitted infections 2000. link 74 Jacobstein CR, Baren JM. Emergency department treatment of minors. Emergency medicine clinics of North America 1999. link70063-8) 75 Harry TC. Quality and resource management in genitourinary medicine service delivery. International journal of STD & AIDS 1999. link 76 Sherrard J. Accuracy and consistency of KC60 diagnoses and coding in a department of genitourinary medicine. International journal of STD & AIDS 1999. link 77 Champion JK, Ross JD. Referral patterns between primary care and genitourinary medicine. International journal of STD & AIDS 1999. link 78 Haley N, Maheux B, Rivard M, Gervais A. Sexual health risk assessment and counseling in primary care: how involved are general practitioners and obstetrician-gynecologists?. American journal of public health 1999. link 79 Seubert DE, Thompson IM, Gonik B. Partner notification of sexually transmitted disease in an obstetric and gynecologic setting. Obstetrics and gynecology 1999. link00306-3) 80 McGregor JA, Hager WD, Gibbs RS, Schmidt L, Schulkin J. Assessment of office-based care of sexually transmitted diseases and vaginitis and antibiotic decision-making by obstetrician-gynecologists. Infectious diseases in obstetrics and gynecology 1998. link1098-0997(1998)6:6<247::AID-IDOG5>3.0.CO;2-5) 81 . Drugs for sexually transmitted diseases. The Medical letter on drugs and therapeutics 1995. link 82 Coutinho RA. Epidemiology of sexually transmitted diseases. Sexually transmitted diseases 1994. link 83 Creatsas GK. Sexuality: sexual activity and contraception during adolescence. Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology 1993. link 84 Thin RN, Lamb J. Guidance for the planning and design of genitourinary medicine clinics. Genitourinary medicine 1990. link 85 Denham I. Sexually transmitted infections. Australian family physician 1989. link 86 Ramsay DL, Weiss R, Brademas ME, Margolies R. National survey of dermatologists and residency training program directors on dermatology's role in treating sexually transmitted diseases. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 1986. link70067-4) 87 Robinson GE, Forster GE, Munday PE. The changing pattern of sexually transmitted disease in adolescent girls. Genitourinary medicine 1985. link 88 Judson FN. Sexually transmitted viral hepatitis and enteric pathogens. The Urologic clinics of North America 1984. link 89 Delune H. Role of the practitioner, public health officer, dermatologist, and other specialists in the teaching, investigation and treatment of STD. The situation in the Common Market countries. The British journal of venereal diseases 1976. link

Original source

[1]
2025 European guideline on the management of — White JA, Dukers-Muijrers NH, Hoebe CJ, Kenyon CR, Dc Ross J, Unemo M International journal of STD & AIDS (2025)
[2]
Patterns of Use and Barriers to STI Point-of-care Tests for Military Obstetrician Gynecologists. — Brown JE, Hudson KM, Rompalo AM, Gaydos CA Military medicine (2025)
[3]
CDC Clinical Guidelines on the Use of Doxycycline Postexposure Prophylaxis for Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infection Prevention, United States, 2024. — Bachmann LH, Barbee LA, Chan P, Reno H, Workowski KA, Hoover K et al. MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports (2024)
[4]
[Translated article] AEDV Expert Consensus Document on the Organization of a Multidisciplinary Unit for Patients With or at Risk of Venereal Infections. — Riera-Monroig J, Feltes-Ochoa RA, Quiles-Melero I, Martin-Gorgojo A Actas dermo-sifiliograficas (2024)
[5]
[Translated article] Expert Recommendations from the AEDV on Legal Aspects Surrounding the Management of Sexually Transmitted Diseases. — Pérez Mesonero R, Català Gonzalo A, González Muñoz P, González Rey P, Fuertes de Vega I Actas dermo-sifiliograficas (2024)
[6]
Safer Sex. Access, availability, and quality of sexually transmitted infections healthcare across Europe: Call for Action by the European Board and College of Obstetrics & Gynaecology (EBCOG) and European Society of Contraception (ESCRH). — Tsiapakidou S, Khattak H, Mukhopadhyay S, Mahmood T, Savona-Ventura C, Messinis I et al. European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology (2024)
[7]
Sexually transmitted infections and HIV in ophthalmology. — Bibb LA, Htet KZ, Waldman CW, Sloan SB Clinics in dermatology (2024)
[8]
Doxycycline postexposure prophylaxis for prevention of sexually transmitted infections. — Cannon CA, Celum CL Topics in antiviral medicine (2023)
[9]
An STI upsurge requires a nimble approach to care. — Kelly K, Sommer M, Vail B The Journal of family practice (2023)
[10]
A Description of Telehealth Use Among Sexually Transmitted Infection Providers in the United States, 2021. — Pearson WS, Chan PA, Habel MA, Haderxhanaj LT, Hogben M, Aral SO Sexually transmitted diseases (2023)
[11]
The diagnostic accuracy of pooled testing from multiple individuals for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae: a systematic review. — Xu Y, Aboud L, Chow EPF, Mello MB, Wi T, Baggaley R et al. International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases (2022)
[12]
Antibiotic after sex could help curb infections. — Cohen J Science (New York, N.Y.) (2022)
[13]
A Collaborative Intervention Between Emergency Medicine and Infectious Diseases to Increase Syphilis and HIV Screening in the Emergency Department. — Lipps AA, Bazan JA, Lustberg ME, Sobhanie MM, Pollak B, Nandam K et al. Sexually transmitted diseases (2022)
[14]
Sexual and gender minority publication trends in the dermatology literature. — Shahwan KT, Nosewicz J, Trinidad J, Carr DR Archives of dermatological research (2022)
[15]
Quality-Improvement Initiative for Expedited Partner Therapy Provision in an Obstetrics and Gynecology Office. — Vasudeva I, Hartnett J, Bondi L, Newmark A, Lindsay S Obstetrics and gynecology (2022)
[16]
Analysis of Ureaplasma urealyticum, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections among obstetrics and gynecological outpatients in southwest China: a retrospective study. — Liu T, Lai SY, Zhou W, Liu YL, Chen SS, Jiang YM BMC infectious diseases (2022)
[17]
Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021. — Workowski KA, Bachmann LH, Chan PA, Johnston CM, Muzny CA, Park I et al. MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports (2021)
[18]
2021 European Guideline on the management of proctitis, proctocolitis and enteritis caused by sexually transmissible pathogens. — de Vries HJC, Nori AV, Kiellberg Larsen H, Kreuter A, Padovese V, Pallawela S et al. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV (2021)
[19]
Systematic review and meta-analysis assessing the knowledge and use of the female condom among Nigerians. — Shallie PD, Haffejee F African health sciences (2021)
[20]
Sexually Transmitted Infections in Pregnancy: An Update for Primary Care Providers. — Glassford M, Davis M, Rivas S The Nursing clinics of North America (2020)
[21]
Dermatologic care for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender persons: Epidemiology, screening, and disease prevention. — Yeung H, Luk KM, Chen SC, Ginsberg BA, Katz KA Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2019)
[22]
Lack of Knowledge about Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs): Implications for STDs Prevention and Care among Dermatology Patients in an Urban City in Vietnam. — Nguyen SH, Dang AK, Vu GT, Nguyen CT, Le THT, Truong NT et al. International journal of environmental research and public health (2019)
[23]
Patterns of point-of-care test use among obstetricians and gynaecologists in the US. — Rompalo AM, Castleberry N, Widdice L, Schulkin J, Gaydos CA Sexual health (2018)
[24]
Sexually transmitted infections-Research priorities for new challenges. — Low N, Broutet NJ PLoS medicine (2017)
[25]
Far From Over: STDs Have Made a Comeback. — Ladika S Managed care (Langhorne, Pa.) (2017)
[26]
Committee Opinion No. 708 Summary: Improving Awareness of and Screening for Health Risks Among Sex Workers. Obstetrics and gynecology (2017)
[27]
Population-based survey on STI-associated symptoms and health-seeking behaviours among Iranian adults. — Nasirian M, Baneshi MR, Kamali K, Haghdoost AA Sexually transmitted infections (2016)
[28]
Sexually transmitted pathogens, coinfections and risk factors in patients attending obstetrics and gynecology clinics in Jalisco, Mexico. — Casillas-Vega N, Morfín-Otero R, García S, Llaca-Díaz J, Rodríguez-Noriega E, Camacho-Ortiz A et al. Salud publica de Mexico (2016)
[29]
Committee Opinion No. 678: Comprehensive Sexuality Education. Obstetrics and gynecology (2016)
[30]
Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2015. — Workowski KA, Bolan GA MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports (2015)
[31]
Plan to improve health care for men who have sex with men. Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987) (2015)
[32]
Obstetrician-Gynecologists' Practices, Statistical Literacy, and Risk Communication with Regard to Sexually Transmitted Infections. — Leddy MA, Anderson BL, Schulkin J Current HIV research (2015)
[33]
Advertising in Actas Dermosifiliográficas, 1909-1939. — Díaz-Díaz RM Actas dermo-sifiliograficas (2014)
[34]
A national audit of the management of young people in genitourinary medicine clinics (level 3 services) in the United Kingdom. — Bailey HR, Lazaro N, Sashidharan PN, McNamara V, Lee M International journal of STD & AIDS (2014)
[35]
Should urologists care for the pharyngeal infection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia trachomatis when we treat male urethritis? — Hamasuna R, Takahashi S, Uehara S, Matsumoto T Journal of infection and chemotherapy : official journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy (2012)
[36]
Antenatal sexually transmitted infection screening in private and indigent clinics in a community hospital system. — Yancey JB, Nussbaum ML, Elliot MC, Kullstam SM, Franco A American journal of obstetrics and gynecology (2012)
[37]
Making contact. — Cosh J Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987) (2011)
[38]
Reticence to prescribe: utilization of expedited partner therapy among obstetrics providers in Arizona. — Taylor MM, Collier MG, Winscott MM, Mickey T, England B International journal of STD & AIDS (2011)
[39]
Committee opinion no. 506: expedited partner therapy in the management of gonorrhea and chlamydia by obstetrician-gynecologists. Obstetrics and gynecology (2011)
[40]
Obstetrician-gynecologists' beliefs about safe-sex and abstinence counseling. — Lawrence RE, Rasinski KA, Yoon JD, Curlin FA International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (2011)
[41]
Middle-aged spread. — Lynch E Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987) (2008)
[42]
Management of under-16-year olds in UK genitourinary medicine clinics: British Co-operative Clinical Group. — McAndrew SE, Williams OE, Rogstad KE, Kell PD International journal of STD & AIDS (2008)
[43]
STD/HIV prevention practices among primary care clinicians: risk assessment, prevention counseling, and testing. — Montaño DE, Phillips WR, Kasprzyk D, Greek A Sexually transmitted diseases (2008)
[44]
Attitudes and practices of obstetric care providers in Kabul, Afghanistan regarding antenatal testing for sexually transmitted infection. — Todd CS, Ahmadzai M, Smith JM, Siddiqui H, Ghazanfar SA, Strathdee SA Journal of obstetric, gynecologic, and neonatal nursing : JOGNN (2008)
[45]
STI in the digital age. — Mitchell D Sexually transmitted infections (2007)
[46]
Partner notification for the control of sexually transmitted infections. — Mathews C, Coetzee D BMJ (Clinical research ed.) (2007)
[47]
Globalisation, the sex industry, and health. — Ward H, Aral SO Sexually transmitted infections (2006)
[48]
Estimating STI morbidity in primary care. — Cassell JA Sexually transmitted infections (2006)
[49]
A paradigm shift in testing for sexually transmitted infections. — Ross JD, Ison C, Radcliffe KW Sexually transmitted infections (2006)
[50]
Sexually transmitted infections: points of interest for 2006. — Waugh M Skinmed (2006)
[51]
Sexually transmitted diseases 2006: a dermatologist's view. — Rosen T Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine (2006)
[52]
Emergency department sexually transmitted disease and human immunodeficiency virus screening: findings from a national survey. — Gift TL, Hogben M Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine (2006)
[53]
Survey of prioritizing/triaging of appointments in genitourinary medicine clinics in the UK: a British Co-operative Clinical Group survey. — Alawattegama AB, Rajamanoharan S, Maw R, Carne CA International journal of STD & AIDS (2006)
[54]
Navy condom strategies work--in foreign ports. Study highlights intervention strategies. AIDS alert (2004)
[55]
Demographics, sexual behaviour and STD/HIV prevalence in two groups of men who have sex with men, in Rotterdam, The Netherlands. — van der Snoek E, de Wit J, Götz H, Mulder P, van 'T Hof A, Verkooyen R et al. Acta dermato-venereologica (2004)
[56]
Client perspectives on sexual health service provision. — Melville CR, Bigrigg A, Nandwani R International journal of STD & AIDS (2004)
[57]
Understanding access to genitourinary medicine services. — Griffiths V, Ahmed-Jushuf I, Cassell JA International journal of STD & AIDS (2004)
[58]
What are the needs of asylum seekers attending an STI clinic and are they significantly different from those of British patients? — Rogstad KE, Dale H International journal of STD & AIDS (2004)
[59]
Prevalence and service implications of health anxiety in genitourinary medicine clinics. — Seivewright H, Salkovskis P, Green J, Mullan N, Behr G, Carlin E et al. International journal of STD & AIDS (2004)
[60]
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