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Cardiology434 papers

Budd-Chiari syndrome

Last edited: 28 days ago

Overview

Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) is characterized by obstruction of hepatic venous outflow, leading to liver congestion and potential complications such as portal hypertension, ascites, and liver failure 1 8 48.

Diagnosis

Key Diagnostic Criteria: Imaging studies (Doppler ultrasound, CT, MRI) showing obstruction of hepatic veins or inferior vena cava 8 16 28.

Recommended Tests: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound, MRI with spectral analysis, and digital subtraction angiography for detailed assessment 66 68 69.

Grading: Histological grading of fibrosis specific to BCS, often distinct from other liver diseases 9.

Management

First-Line Treatments:

- Endovascular Interventions: Early endovascular procedures such as stenting of hepatic veins or accessory hepatic veins to relieve obstruction 2 3 15 19 33 46 61 73. - Anticoagulation: Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) for maintenance therapy post-intervention 5 20 49.

Adjunctive Treatments:

- Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS): For managing portal hypertension when endovascular interventions are insufficient 10 67 70. - Liver Transplantation: Considered for refractory cases or end-stage liver disease 1 6 25 35 52.

Special Populations

Pregnancy: Careful monitoring and management to prevent complications; outcomes can vary 31.

Pediatrics: Radiological interventions like percutaneous recanalization are effective, with additional considerations for living donor liver transplantation 11 13 47.

Comorbidities: Management in patients with Behçet's syndrome requires tailored approaches due to higher recurrence risks 40 65.

Key Recommendations

Early Endovascular Intervention: Consider early endovascular intervention in combination with medical therapy to improve clinical outcomes compared to medical therapy alone 2 (Evidence: Strong).

Use of Direct Oral Anticoagulants: Employ direct oral anticoagulants for long-term management post-endovascular procedures to prevent recurrence 5 20 (Evidence: Moderate).

Liver Transplantation: Evaluate liver transplantation as a definitive treatment option for patients with refractory BCS or end-stage liver disease 1 6 25 (Evidence: Moderate).

TIPS for Portal Hypertension: Utilize TIPS in patients with BCS who develop refractory portal hypertension despite endovascular interventions 10 67 (Evidence: Moderate).

Monitoring and Follow-Up: Regular imaging and laboratory monitoring are essential for assessing treatment efficacy and detecting early recurrence 24 33 73 (Evidence: Moderate).

References

Showing 100 most recent of 384 indexed papers.

1 Nicoluzzi A, Gonçalves LDC, Yamaoka LMM, Nicoluzzi JE. Liver Transplantation From a Recently Transplanted Multiorgan Patient: a Case Report. Transplantation proceedings 2026. link 2 Biswas S, Swaroop S, Mehta S, Aggarwal A, Saxena S, Agarwal S et al.. Early Endovascular Intervention in Combination with Medical Therapy versus Medical Therapy Alone in the Initial Management of Patients with Primary Budd-Chiari Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of vascular and interventional radiology : JVIR 2026. link 3 Mukund A, Thakur V, Jindal A, Patidar Y, Maiwall R, Sarin SK. Long-Term Efficacy and Outcomes of Endovascular Interventions in Budd-Chiari Syndrome-A Real World Analysis. Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver 2026. link 4 Hu Y, Deng Z, Chen Y, Wu T. A case report of hemothorax due to intrathoracic variceal rupture linked to Budd-Chiari syndrome. BMC pulmonary medicine 2025. link 5 Thapa SB, Souza GR, Paravathaneni M, Cohen S, Mohammed T, Laber DA. Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Budd-Chiari Syndrome. European journal of haematology 2025. link 6 Karaca CA, Yilmaz C, Farajov R, Iakobadze Z, Kilic K, Buket S et al.. Hepatic Venous Outflow Reconstruction Directly Into the Right Atrium. Experimental and clinical transplantation : official journal of the Middle East Society for Organ Transplantation 2025. link 7 Liao L, Qiu Y, Gong X. Multidisciplinary collaboration successfully treated Budd Chiari syndrome complicated with hepatocellular carcinoma rupture and bleeding: A case report. Medicine 2025. link 8 Patel RK, Chandel K, Tripathy T, Behera S, Panigrahi MK, Nayak HK et al.. Interventions in Budd-Chiari syndrome: an updated review. Abdominal radiology (New York) 2025. link 9 Nigam N, Yadav R, Pandey G, Hashim Z, Bihari C, Vishwadeep R et al.. The histological grading of fibrosis in Budd-Chiari syndrome: A chronic liver disease, different from others. Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology 2025. link 10 Akabane M, Imaoka Y, Nakayama T, Esquivel CO, Sasaki K. Effect of TIPS insertion on waitlist mortality and access to liver transplantation in Budd-Chiari syndrome. Liver transplantation : official publication of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the International Liver Transplantation Society 2025. link 11 Yang XY, Le-Nguyen A, Alvarez F, Rong ZX, Borsuk D, Piché N et al.. Pediatric living donor liver transplant for Budd-Chiari syndrome using a cryopreserved pulmonary vein graft for retro-hepatic vena cava reconstruction: A case report. Pediatric transplantation 2024. link 12 Liu SY, Li LH, Liu ZC, Li SX, Dang XW. Development of a prognostic scoring system for hepatic vena cava Budd-Chiari syndrome with hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatobiliary & pancreatic diseases international : HBPD INT 2024. link 13 Samanta A, Srivastava A, Yadav R, Kapoor A, Ghosh A, Mishra P et al.. Budd-Chiari syndrome in children: Radiological intervention and role of shear wave elastography in monitoring response. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition 2024. link 14 Fraga Dias B, Oliveira J, Freitas C, Castro A, Queirós J, Almeida P. Fatal Budd-Chiari syndrome associated with Hemodialysis Reliable Outflow (HeRO) graft. The journal of vascular access 2024. link 15 Shimizu T, Yoshioka M, Ueda J, Kawashima M, Irie T, Kawano Y et al.. Stenting of Inferior Right Hepatic Vein in a Patient with Budd-Chiari Syndrome: A Case Report. Journal of Nippon Medical School = Nippon Ika Daigaku zasshi 2024. link 16 Shukla A, Ingle M, Pandey V, Patra BR, Harindranath S, Walke S et al.. Exploring the utility of EUS in Budd-Chiari syndrome: a multicenter multiobserver prospective cohort study. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2024. link 17 Åberg F, Rajani R, Wester A, Widman L, Hagström H. Three-fold Increased Risk of Death in Budd-Chiari Syndrome Compared to Matched Controls: A Population-based Cohort Study. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association 2023. link 18 Leoni FG, Magnano San Lio P, De Molo C, Bakken S, Ferronato M, Dietrich CF et al.. Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS): a challenging diagnosis not to be overlooked-single center report and pictorial essay. Journal of ultrasound 2023. link 19 Xia FF, Ni CF, Zu MH. Percutaneous recanalization in hepatic vein-type Budd-Chiari syndrome: hepatic or accessory hepatic vein. Minimally invasive therapy & allied technologies : MITAT : official journal of the Society for Minimally Invasive Therapy 2023. link 20 Semmler G, Lindorfer A, Schäfer B, Bartl S, Hametner-Schreil S, Gensluckner S et al.. Outcome of Budd-Chiari Syndrome Patients Treated With Direct Oral Anticoagulants: An Austrian Multicenter Study. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association 2023. link 21 Hyodo R, Takehara Y, Mizuno T, Ichikawa K, Yokoyama S, Ishizu Y et al.. Assessing the Complicated Venous Hemodynamics and Therapeutic Outcomes of Budd-Chiari Syndrome with Respiratory-gated 4D Flow MR Imaging During the Expiratory and Inspiratory Phases. Magnetic resonance in medical sciences : MRMS : an official journal of Japan Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 2023. link 22 Stefan G, Stancu S, Zugravu A, Predescu L, Cinca S, Mircescu G. Budd-Chiari syndrome: An unusual complication of an internal jugular tunneled dialysis catheter. The journal of vascular access 2023. link 23 Erden A, Kuru Öz D, Adıgüzel M, Özalp Ateş FS. Quantitative liver magnetic resonance imaging: correlation between conventional magnetic resonance imaging, laboratory values, and prognostic indices in Budd-Chiari syndrome. Diagnostic and interventional radiology (Ankara, Turkey) 2023. link 24 Wang Z, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Li J, Pan Z, Liu A et al.. Establishment and validation of a prediction model for the first recurrence of Budd-Chiari syndrome after endovascular treatment: a large sample size, single-center retrospective study. Hepatology international 2023. link 25 Akitomi Y, Asaoka Y, Miura R, Murata S, Yamamoto T, Tashiro H et al.. Budd-Chiari Syndrome during Long-term Follow-up after Allogeneic Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation. Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) 2022. link 26 Aktas H, Ozer A, Yilmaz TU, Keceoglu S, Can MG, Emiroglu R. Liver transplantation for Budd-Chiari syndrome: A challenging but handable procedure. Asian journal of surgery 2022. link 27 Hoffmann T, Voigtländer H, Fröhlich E, Debove I, Pauluschke-Fröhlich J. Single-center study: evaluation of sonography in Budd-Chiari syndrome. Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie 2022. link 28 Anand A, Biswas S, Vaishnav M, Gamanagatti SR, Elhence A, Jindal V et al.. Clinical Utility of Transient Elastography in the Management of Patients with Budd-Chiari Syndrome Undergoing Endovascular Intervention. Journal of vascular and interventional radiology : JVIR 2022. link 29 Kageyama K, Yamamoto A, Jogo A, Sohgawa E, Hagihara A, Fujii H et al.. The Albumin-bilirubin Score Detects Changes in the Liver Function during Treatment for Budd-Chiari Syndrome: A Retrospective Observational Study. Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) 2022. link 30 Butzko R, Narasimhan M. Acute Budd Chiari syndrome in an ECMO patient. Perfusion 2022. link 31 Wiegers H, Hamulyák EN, Damhuis SE, van Duuren JR, Darwish Murad S, Scheres L et al.. Pregnancy outcomes in women with Budd-Chiari syndrome or portal vein thrombosis - a multicentre retrospective cohort study. BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology 2022. link 32 Liu D, Ren Q, Ye T, Zheng C, Su Y, Xia X. Evaluation of dangerous collateral vessels and thrombus in Budd-Chiari syndrome patients with inferior vena cava obstruction. Abdominal radiology (New York) 2022. link 33 Sonavane A, Raut V, Marar S, Sawant A, Shah K, Raj A et al.. Preoperative successful thrombectomy and thrombolysis of acute extensive splanchnic venous system and TIPSS thrombosis in a child with Budd-Chiari syndrome-Creating a window to enable living donor liver transplantation. Pediatric transplantation 2021. link 34 Ishikawa M, Sakamoto A. Open Cardiac Surgery in a Patient With Chronic Budd-Chiari Syndrome. Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia 2021. link 35 Sharma A, Keshava SN, Eapen A, Elias E, Eapen CE. An Update on the Management of Budd-Chiari Syndrome. Digestive diseases and sciences 2021. link 36 Gupta P, Koshi S, Sinha SK, Sharma V, Mandavdhare H, Samanta J et al.. Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound is a Useful Adjunct to Doppler Ultrasound in the Initial Assessment of Patients Suspected of Budd Chiari Syndrome. Current problems in diagnostic radiology 2021. link 37 Li DM, Yin X, Yang F, Zhang LG, Liu TG, Fu YF. Accessory hepatic vein recanalization for hepatic vein-type Budd-Chiari syndrome. Minimally invasive therapy & allied technologies : MITAT : official journal of the Society for Minimally Invasive Therapy 2021. link 38 Zhao Y, Ping J, Yu X, Cui Y, Yin J, Sun C et al.. Computational fluid dynamics simulation of time-resolved blood flow in Budd-Chiari syndrome with inferior vena cava stenosis and its implication for postoperative efficacy assessment. Clinical biomechanics (Bristol, Avon) 2021. link 39 Sharma S, Kumar R, Rout G, Gamanagatti SR, Shalimar. Dabigatran as an oral anticoagulant in patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome post-percutaneous endovascular intervention. Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology 2020. link 40 Sakr MA, Reda MA, Ebada HE, Abdelmoaty AS, Hefny ZM, Ibrahim ZH et al.. Characteristics and outcome of primary Budd-Chiari syndrome due to Behçet's syndrome. Clinics and research in hepatology and gastroenterology 2020. link 41 Ding PX, Liu C, Han XW, Ding JY, Tse G, Lee EW. Obstructed membranous transformation of the inferior vena cava in patients with hepatic vein-type Budd-Chiari syndrome: A case series. Clinics and research in hepatology and gastroenterology 2020. link 42 Su L, Hu L, Liang P, Wu Y, Sun Q, Gao J. Clinical Efficacy of Spectral Computed Tomography for Evaluating Liver Function in Patients with Budd-Chiari Syndrome. Academic radiology 2019. link 43 Li Y, De Stefano V, Li H, Zheng K, Bai Z, Guo X et al.. Epidemiology of Budd-Chiari syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinics and research in hepatology and gastroenterology 2019. link 44 Li W, Zhang X, Zhang T, Jiang J, He Z, Zhang X. Intravenous Lymphatic Cyst in Inferior Vena Cava-A Rare Cause of Budd-Chiari Syndrome. Annals of vascular surgery 2019. link 45 Tsauo J, Zhao H, Zhang X, Ma H, Jiang M, Weng N et al.. Changes in arterial oxygenation after portal decompression in Budd-Chiari syndrome patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome. European radiology 2019. link 46 Bi Y, Yu Z, Ding P, Ren J, Zhou P, Han X. Long-Term Outcomes of Endoluminal Sharp Recanalization of Occluded Inferior Vena Cava in Budd-Chiari Syndrome. Journal of laparoendoscopic & advanced surgical techniques. Part A 2019. link 47 Singh SK, Sen Sarma M, Yadav R, Kumar S, Prasad R, Yachha SK et al.. Prognostic scoring systems and outcome of endovascular radiological intervention of chronic Budd-Chiari syndrome in children. Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver 2018. link 48 Valla DC. Budd-Chiari syndrome/hepatic venous outflow tract obstruction. Hepatology international 2018. link 49 Li G, Huang Y, Tang S, Song Y, Liang H, Liu D et al.. A single-center retrospective study: Clinical features of different types of Budd-Chiari syndrome in Chinese patients in the Hubei area. Vascular 2018. link 50 Zhu GC, Wang ZG, Bian C, Zhang JW, Hu ZW, Hou GF et al.. Mesoatrial Shunt for Budd-Chiari Syndrome. Annals of vascular surgery 2018. link 51 Shukla A, Sadalage A, Gupta D, Gupte A, Mahapatra A, Mazumder D et al.. Pregnancy outcomes in women with Budd Chiari Syndrome before onset of symptoms and after treatment. Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver 2018. link 52 Raza SM, Zainab S, Shamsaeefar AR, Nikeghbalian S, Malek Hosseini SA. Experience of Liver Transplant in Patients Diagnosed with Budd-Chiari Syndrome. Experimental and clinical transplantation : official journal of the Middle East Society for Organ Transplantation 2018. link 53 Mo A, Testro A, French J, Robertson M, Angus P, Grigg A. Early radiological intervention and haematology screening is associated with excellent outcomes in Budd-Chiari syndrome. Internal medicine journal 2017. link 54 Sakr M, Abdelhakam SM, Dabbous H, Hamed A, Hefny Z, Abdelmoaty W et al.. Characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma in Egyptian patients with primary Budd-Chiari syndrome. Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver 2017. link 55 Hayek G, Ronot M, Plessier A, Sibert A, Abdel-Rehim M, Zappa M et al.. Long-term Outcome and Analysis of Dysfunction of Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Placement in Chronic Primary Budd-Chiari Syndrome. Radiology 2017. link 56 Huang R, Zhang Q, Huang Q, Zu M, Xu H, Zeng L. Number and function of circulating endothelial progenitor cells in patients with primary Budd-Chiari syndrome. Clinics and research in hepatology and gastroenterology 2017. link 57 Li WD, Yu HY, Qian AM, Rong JJ, Zhang YQ, Li XQ. Risk factors for and causes and treatment of recurrence of inferior vena cava type of Budd-Chiari syndrome after stenting in China: A retrospective analysis of a large cohort. European radiology 2017. link 58 Yang C, Li C, Zeng M, Lu X, Li J, Wang J et al.. Non-contrast-enhanced MR angiography in the diagnosis of Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) compared with digital subtraction angiography (DSA): Preliminary results. Magnetic resonance imaging 2017. link 59 Lu L, Xu K, Han C, Xu C, Xu H, Dai Y et al.. Comparison of 3.0T MRI with 3D LAVA sequence and digital subtraction angiography for the assessment of accessory hepatic veins in Budd-Chiari syndrome. Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI 2017. link 60 Ki M, Choi HY, Kim KA, Kim BH, Jang ES, Jeong SH. Incidence, prevalence and complications of Budd-Chiari syndrome in South Korea: a nationwide, population-based study. Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver 2016. link 61 Cui YF, Fu YF, Li DC, Xu H. Percutaneous recanalization for hepatic vein-type Budd-Chiari syndrome: long-term patency and survival. Hepatology international 2016. link 62 Dulíček P, Hůlek P, Krajina A, Renc O, Šafka V, Fejfar T et al.. Diagnosis, etiology and management of the Budd-Chiari Syndrome: a bloodcoagulation and hepatological study on the course of the disease treated with TIPS. International angiology : a journal of the International Union of Angiology 2016. link 63 Doğrul AB, Yankol Y, Mecit N, Kanmaz T, Acarlı K, Kalayoğlu M. Orthotopic Liver Transplant for Budd-Chiari Syndrome: An Analysis of 14 Cases. Experimental and clinical transplantation : official journal of the Middle East Society for Organ Transplantation 2016. link 64 Copelan A, Remer EM, Sands M, Nghiem H, Kapoor B. Diagnosis and management of Budd Chiari syndrome: an update. Cardiovascular and interventional radiology 2015. link 65 Seyahi E, Caglar E, Ugurlu S, Kantarci F, Hamuryudan V, Sonsuz A et al.. An outcome survey of 43 patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome due to Behçet's syndrome followed up at a single, dedicated center. Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism 2015. link 66 Boskovic A, Kitic I, Stankovic I, Prokic D, Zlatar N. Primary Budd-Chiari syndrome in a 3-year-old boy with homozygous factor V Leiden G1691A mutation. European journal of pediatrics 2014. link 67 Fitsiori K, Tsitskari M, Kelekis A, Filippiadis D, Triantafyllou K, Brountzos E. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for the treatment of Budd-Chiari syndrome patients: results from a single center. Cardiovascular and interventional radiology 2014. link 68 Ding PX, Li Z, Han XW, Zhang WG, Zhou PL, Wang ZG. Spontaneous intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in Budd-Chiari syndrome. Annals of vascular surgery 2014. link 69 Shen B, Zhang Q, Wang X, Xu H, Zu M, Wu M et al.. Development of a canine model with diffuse hepatic vein obstruction (Budd‑Chiari syndrome) via endovascular occlusion. Molecular medicine reports 2014. link 70 Qi X, Guo W, He C, Zhang W, Wu F, Yin Z et al.. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for Budd-Chiari syndrome: techniques, indications and results on 51 Chinese patients from a single centre. Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver 2014. link 71 Gai YH, Cai SF, Guo WB, Zhang CQ, Liang B, Jia T et al.. Sonographic classification of draining pathways of obstructed hepatic veins in Budd-Chiari syndrome. Journal of clinical ultrasound : JCU 2014. link 72 Di Domenico S, Rossini A, Petrocelli F, Valente U, Ferro C. Recurrent acute Budd-Chiari syndrome after right hepatectomy: US color-Doppler vascular pattern and left hepatic vein stenting for treatment. Abdominal imaging 2013. link 73 Han G, Qi X, Zhang W, He C, Yin Z, Wang J et al.. Percutaneous recanalization for Budd-Chiari syndrome: an 11-year retrospective study on patency and survival in 177 Chinese patients from a single center. Radiology 2013. link 74 Ceresa F, Sansone F, Anfuso C, Patanè F. Budd-Chiari syndrome complicating the surgical closure of patent foramen ovale in right minithoracotomy. Interactive cardiovascular and thoracic surgery 2013. link 75 Fukuda A, Ogura Y, Kanazawa H, Mori A, Kawaguchi M, Takada Y et al.. Living donor liver transplantation for Budd-Chiari syndrome with hepatic inferior vena cava obstruction after open pericardial procedures. Surgery today 2013. link 76 Zhang CC, Wang ZG, Li CM, Duan HY, Li JX, Gu YQ et al.. Mesocavoatrial shunt for Budd-Chiari syndrome: a case report with long-term follow-up. Annals of vascular surgery 2012. link 77 Orloff MJ, Isenberg JI, Wheeler HO, Daily PO, Girard B. Budd-Chiari syndrome revisited: 38 years' experience with surgical portal decompression. Journal of gastrointestinal surgery : official journal of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract 2012. link 78 Yadav D, Chandra J, Sharma S, Singh V. Essential thrombocytosis and antiphospholipid antibody syndrome causing chronic Budd-Chiari syndrome. Indian journal of pediatrics 2012. link 79 Wang YL, Ding PX, Li YD, Han XW, Wu G. Comparative study of predilation with stent filter for Budd-Chiari syndrome with old IVC thrombosis: a nonrandomized prospective trial. European journal of radiology 2012. link 80 Rautou PE, Douarin L, Denninger MH, Escolano S, Lebrec D, Moreau R et al.. Bleeding in patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome. Journal of hepatology 2011. link 81 Sarawagi R, Keshava SN, Surendrababu NR, Zachariah UG, Eapen EC. Budd-Chiari syndrome complicating hydatid cyst of the liver managed by venoplasty and stenting. Cardiovascular and interventional radiology 2011. link 82 Ding PX, Li YD, Han XW, Wu G, Shui SF, Wang YL. Treatment of Budd-Chiari syndrome with urokinase following predilation in patients with old inferior vena cava thrombosis. La Radiologia medica 2011. link 83 Chen H, Zhang F, Ye Y, Cheng Y, Chen Y. Long-term follow-up study and comparison of meso-atrial shunts and meso-cavo-atrial shunts for treatment of combined Budd-Chiari syndrome. The Journal of surgical research 2011. link 84 Tang W, Zhang XM, Yang L, Mitchell DG, Zeng NL, Zhai ZH. Hepatic caudate vein in Budd-Chiari syndrome: depiction by using magnetic resonance imaging. European journal of radiology 2011. link 85 He XH, Li WT, Peng WJ, Li YD, Tan HQ. Anticoagulation with warfarin for Budd-Chiari syndrome with chronic inferior vena cava thrombosis: an initial clinical experience. Annals of vascular surgery 2011. link 86 Shetty S, Ghosh K. Thrombophilic dimension of Budd chiari syndrome and portal venous thrombosis--a concise review. Thrombosis research 2011. link 87 Bestetti RB, Silva CM, Ardito SQ, Theodoropoulos TA, Cury PM, Corbucci HA. Endomyocardial fibrosis as a cause of Budd-Chiari syndrome and fatal pulmonary embolism. Cardiovascular pathology : the official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Pathology 2010. link 88 Kikuchi Y, Yoshida H, Mamada Y, Taniai N, Mineta S, Yoshioka M et al.. Huge caudate lobe of the liver due to Budd-Chiari syndrome. Journal of Nippon Medical School = Nippon Ika Daigaku zasshi 2010. link 89 Xue H, Li YC, Shakya P, Palikhe M, Jha RK. The role of intravascular intervention in the management of Budd-Chiari syndrome. Digestive diseases and sciences 2010. link 90 Chen ZY, Yan LN, Zeng Y, Wen TF, Li B, Zhao JC et al.. Transdiaphragmatic exposure for direct atrioatrial anastomosis in liver transplantation. Chinese medical journal 2010. link 91 Hoekstra J, Guimarães AH, Leebeek FW, Darwish Murad S, Malfliet JJ, Plessier A et al.. Impaired fibrinolysis as a risk factor for Budd-Chiari syndrome. Blood 2010. link 92 Wu X, Ding W, Cao J, Han J, Li J. Modified transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in the treatment of Budd-Chiari syndrome. International journal of clinical practice 2010. link 93 Musallam KM, Aoun EG, Mahfouz RA, Khalife M, Taher AT. JAK2V617F and prothrombin G20210A gene mutations in a patient with Budd-Chiari syndrome and essential thrombocythemia. Clinical and applied thrombosis/hemostasis : official journal of the International Academy of Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis 2010. link 94 Flor N, Zuin M, Brovelli F, Maggioni M, Tentori A, Sardanelli F et al.. Regenerative nodules in patients with chronic Budd-Chiari syndrome: a longitudinal study using multiphase contrast-enhanced multidetector CT. European journal of radiology 2010. link 95 Li CM, Wang ZG, Gu YQ, Yu HX, Chen B, Li Z et al.. Management of complex patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome. Annals of vascular surgery 2010. link 96 Carnevale FC, Santos AC, Tannuri U, Cerri GG. Hepatic veins and inferior vena cava thrombosis in a child treated by transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. Cardiovascular and interventional radiology 2010. link 97 Cura M, Haskal Z, Lopera J. Diagnostic and interventional radiology for Budd-Chiari syndrome. Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc 2009. link 98 Rajani R, Melin T, Björnsson E, Broomé U, Sangfelt P, Danielsson A et al.. Budd-Chiari syndrome in Sweden: epidemiology, clinical characteristics and survival - an 18-year experience. Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver 2009. link 99 Liu C, Hsia CY, Loong CC, Perng CK, Huang CH, Tsai HL et al.. A technique of diamond-shape venoplasty to reconstruct the hepatic venous outflow in living donor liver transplantation for a case of Budd-Chiari syndrome. Pediatric transplantation 2009. link 100 Gökçe M, Korkmaz L, Oz D, Orem C, Kiris A, Ahmetoğlu A. Metastatic adenocarcinoma in the right atrium and secondary Budd-Chiari syndrome (a case report). International journal of cardiology 2009. link

Original source

[1]
Liver Transplantation From a Recently Transplanted Multiorgan Patient: a Case Report. — Nicoluzzi A, Gonçalves LDC, Yamaoka LMM, Nicoluzzi JE Transplantation proceedings (2026)
[2]
Early Endovascular Intervention in Combination with Medical Therapy versus Medical Therapy Alone in the Initial Management of Patients with Primary Budd-Chiari Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial. — Biswas S, Swaroop S, Mehta S, Aggarwal A, Saxena S, Agarwal S et al. Journal of vascular and interventional radiology : JVIR (2026)
[3]
Long-Term Efficacy and Outcomes of Endovascular Interventions in Budd-Chiari Syndrome-A Real World Analysis. — Mukund A, Thakur V, Jindal A, Patidar Y, Maiwall R, Sarin SK Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver (2026)
[4]
A case report of hemothorax due to intrathoracic variceal rupture linked to Budd-Chiari syndrome. — Hu Y, Deng Z, Chen Y, Wu T BMC pulmonary medicine (2025)
[5]
Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Budd-Chiari Syndrome. — Thapa SB, Souza GR, Paravathaneni M, Cohen S, Mohammed T, Laber DA European journal of haematology (2025)
[6]
Hepatic Venous Outflow Reconstruction Directly Into the Right Atrium. — Karaca CA, Yilmaz C, Farajov R, Iakobadze Z, Kilic K, Buket S et al. Experimental and clinical transplantation : official journal of the Middle East Society for Organ Transplantation (2025)
[7]
Multidisciplinary collaboration successfully treated Budd Chiari syndrome complicated with hepatocellular carcinoma rupture and bleeding: A case report. — Liao L, Qiu Y, Gong X Medicine (2025)
[8]
Interventions in Budd-Chiari syndrome: an updated review. — Patel RK, Chandel K, Tripathy T, Behera S, Panigrahi MK, Nayak HK et al. Abdominal radiology (New York) (2025)
[9]
The histological grading of fibrosis in Budd-Chiari syndrome: A chronic liver disease, different from others. — Nigam N, Yadav R, Pandey G, Hashim Z, Bihari C, Vishwadeep R et al. Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology (2025)
[10]
Effect of TIPS insertion on waitlist mortality and access to liver transplantation in Budd-Chiari syndrome. — Akabane M, Imaoka Y, Nakayama T, Esquivel CO, Sasaki K Liver transplantation : official publication of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the International Liver Transplantation Society (2025)
[11]
Pediatric living donor liver transplant for Budd-Chiari syndrome using a cryopreserved pulmonary vein graft for retro-hepatic vena cava reconstruction: A case report. — Yang XY, Le-Nguyen A, Alvarez F, Rong ZX, Borsuk D, Piché N et al. Pediatric transplantation (2024)
[12]
Development of a prognostic scoring system for hepatic vena cava Budd-Chiari syndrome with hepatocellular carcinoma. — Liu SY, Li LH, Liu ZC, Li SX, Dang XW Hepatobiliary & pancreatic diseases international : HBPD INT (2024)
[13]
Budd-Chiari syndrome in children: Radiological intervention and role of shear wave elastography in monitoring response. — Samanta A, Srivastava A, Yadav R, Kapoor A, Ghosh A, Mishra P et al. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition (2024)
[14]
Fatal Budd-Chiari syndrome associated with Hemodialysis Reliable Outflow (HeRO) graft. — Fraga Dias B, Oliveira J, Freitas C, Castro A, Queirós J, Almeida P The journal of vascular access (2024)
[15]
Stenting of Inferior Right Hepatic Vein in a Patient with Budd-Chiari Syndrome: A Case Report. — Shimizu T, Yoshioka M, Ueda J, Kawashima M, Irie T, Kawano Y et al. Journal of Nippon Medical School = Nippon Ika Daigaku zasshi (2024)
[16]
Exploring the utility of EUS in Budd-Chiari syndrome: a multicenter multiobserver prospective cohort study. — Shukla A, Ingle M, Pandey V, Patra BR, Harindranath S, Walke S et al. Gastrointestinal endoscopy (2024)
[17]
Three-fold Increased Risk of Death in Budd-Chiari Syndrome Compared to Matched Controls: A Population-based Cohort Study. — Åberg F, Rajani R, Wester A, Widman L, Hagström H Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association (2023)
[18]
Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS): a challenging diagnosis not to be overlooked-single center report and pictorial essay. — Leoni FG, Magnano San Lio P, De Molo C, Bakken S, Ferronato M, Dietrich CF et al. Journal of ultrasound (2023)
[19]
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