HemoChat is an evidence-based AI medical search tool covering all major clinical domains, powered by 46,298 SNOMED-CT concepts, clinical guidelines, and live PubMed literature.

What medical domains does HemoChat cover?

HemoChat covers all major medical domains including cardiology, oncology, neurology, hematology, pulmonology, endocrinology, gastroenterology, psychiatry, nephrology, rheumatology, musculoskeletal, and more — with 46,298 SNOMED-CT concepts.

Is HemoChat a replacement for clinical judgment?

No. HemoChat is for clinical reference only and is not a substitute for professional medical judgment. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals for medical decisions.

What AI technology does HemoChat use?

HemoChat uses a hybrid GraphRAG + VectorRAG pipeline combining Neo4j knowledge graphs with FAISS vector search and an LLM for answer generation.

← Back to guidelines

Cardiology383 papers

Sporadic cavernous malformation of spinal cord

Last edited: 4/23/2026

Overview

Sporadic cavernous malformations (SCMs) of the spinal cord are low-flow vascular lesions characterized by dilated sinusoidal vessels without intervening neural tissue. These lesions can lead to neurological deficits due to hemorrhage or mass effect 2.

Diagnosis

Imaging: MRI is essential for diagnosis, typically showing characteristic signal changes on T1-weighted and T2-weighted sequences 2.

Grading: No specific grading system is universally applied for spinal cord SCMs, but imaging characteristics help in assessing lesion burden and potential risk 2.

Clinical Presentation: Often asymptomatic until hemorrhage or mass effect occurs, presenting with localized neurological deficits 2.

Management

Conservative Management: Recommended for asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic lesions to avoid surgical risks 2.

Surgical Intervention: Indicated for progressive neurological deficits, recurrent hemorrhages, or when a definitive diagnosis is needed 13.

Radiosurgery: Considered for inoperable cases to reduce hemorrhage risk, though long-term efficacy varies 55 57.

Monitoring: Regular MRI surveillance to assess for changes in lesion size or symptoms 2 9.

Special Populations

Pediatrics: Limited data; conservative management is often preferred unless severe neurological deficits necessitate intervention 2 66.

Elderly: Increased risk of complications from surgery; conservative management is frequently advised unless critical neurological impairment 2.

Comorbidities: Presence of comorbidities may influence surgical risk assessment; individualized treatment plans are crucial 2.

Key Recommendations

Regular MRI Surveillance for asymptomatic SCMs to monitor for changes that may necessitate intervention (Evidence: Moderate 2 9).

Conservative Management is appropriate for most asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic SCMs to avoid surgical risks (Evidence: Moderate 2).

Surgical Intervention should be considered for symptomatic progression, recurrent hemorrhages, or diagnostic clarity (Evidence: Expert opinion 13).

Radiosurgery can be considered for inoperable cases to reduce hemorrhage risk, though outcomes vary (Evidence: Moderate 55 57).

References

Showing 100 most recent of 278 indexed papers.

1 Karadachi HH, González-Gallardo E, Rauschenbach L, Dinger T, Zwanziger D, Schmidt B et al.. Molecular Pathways and Circulating Biomarkers in Cerebral Cavernous Malformations-A Systematic Review. International journal of molecular sciences 2026. link 2 Sandmann ACA, Kempeneers MA, Slot KM, van den Berg R, Vandertop WP, Verbaan D et al.. Clinical course and patient-reported outcomes in conservatively managed spinal cavernous malformations. Journal of neurology 2026. link 3 Bektas D, Lanzino G, Graepel S, Flemming KD. Hypertrophic Olivary Degeneration in Brainstem Cavernous Malformations: An Analysis of Predictors and Clinical Implications. Neurosurgery 2026. link 4 Planet M, Ducos Y, Eyries M, Marijon P, Bielle F, Rincon de la Rosa L et al.. Association of PIK3CA mutations with brainstem location in sporadic cerebral cavernous malformations. Journal of neurosurgery 2026. link 5 Kumar N, Shi J, Alcocer C, Luck S, Garton A, Rivera M et al.. Impact of cranial irradiation on the clinical presentation of cerebral cavernous malformations. Clinical neurology and neurosurgery 2026. link 6 Ye Y, Yan C, Huang X, Husilengtu, Shi Y, Li Y et al.. Targeting OXCT1 with the methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine as a therapeutic strategy for cerebral cavernous malformations. International journal of biological macromolecules 2026. link 7 Tonkin JY, Taylor L, Macdonald-Laurs E. Cerebral Cavernous Malformations Presenting With Epileptic Spasms in Children. Pediatric neurology 2026. link 8 Bektas D, Lanzino G, Flemming KD. Natural History of Sporadic Cerebral Cavernous Malformations by Zabramski Classification: Hemorrhage Risk and Functional Outcomes Over 5 Years. Neurosurgery 2026. link 9 Akers AL, Albanese J, Alcazar-Felix RJ, Al-Shahi Salman R, Awad IA, Connolly ES et al.. Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Clinical Management of Cavernous Malformations of the Brain and Spinal Cord: Consensus Recommendations Based on a Systematic Literature Review by the Alliance to Cure Cavernous Malformation Clinical Advisory Board Experts Panel. Neurosurgery 2026. link 10 Huo X, Yao B, Guo J, Ma S, Wang H, Weng J et al.. Combinations of clinical factors and radiomics for the hemorrhage-free survival of brainstem cavernous malformation patients. Clinical neurology and neurosurgery 2026. link 11 Li L, Castro M, Hongo H, Ren J, Shenkar R, Jabarkheel R et al.. TIE2 links MEKK3-KLF2/4 and PI3K signaling in cerebral cavernous malformation. The Journal of experimental medicine 2026. link 12 Beucler N. Crossed Brainstem Syndrome of the Tectal Plate's Inferior Colliculus Revealing Quadrigeminal Midbrain Cavernous Malformation. World neurosurgery 2025. link 13 Otsuki K, Hayashi H, Kasashima K, Toda H. Utility of narrow band imaging in a patient with a spinal cord cavernous malformation. European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society 2025. link 14 Falco J, Broggi M, Acerbi F, Schiariti M, Moretti ME, Restelli F et al.. Surgery of brainstem cavernous malformations: surgical nuances and outcomes of a monocentric series of 34 patients. Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology 2025. link 15 Galvão GF, Trefilio LM, Salvio AL, da Silva EV, Alves-Leon SV, Fontes-Dantas FL et al.. Genetic variants in FCGR2A, PTPN2, VDR as predictive signatures of aggressive phenotypes in cerebral cavernous malformation. Gene 2025. link 16 Scherschinski L, Eberle AT, Saggi S, Jensen KN, Morshed RA, Winkler EA et al.. A taxonomy for cerebellar cavernous malformations: subtypes of cerebellar lesions. Journal of neurosurgery 2025. link 17 Alcazar-Felix RJ, Shenkar R, Benavides CR, Bindal A, Srinath A, Li Y et al.. Except for Robust Outliers, Rapamycin Increases Lesion Burden in a Murine Model of Cerebral Cavernous Malformations. Translational stroke research 2025. link 18 Jimenez AE, Geist EG, Connolly ES, McKhann GM, Youngerman BE. Laser interstitial thermal therapy for cavernous malformations: a meta-analysis of individual patient-level data. Journal of neurosurgery 2025. link 19 Orlich MM, Norrén A, Desai M, Holm A, Kozakewich H, Schoofs H et al.. Intravital Imaging of Disease Mechanisms in a Mouse Model of CCM Skin Lesions-Brief Report. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology 2025. link 20 Ogul H, Gozgec E, Demirdogen F, Kantarci M. Cerebellar cavernous angioma associated with developmental venous anomaly presenting as a cerebellopontine angle neoplasm in CT scan. Ear, nose, & throat journal 2025. link 21 Liu S, Sun C, Chen P, Yang H, Xie T, Huang J et al.. Endoscopic Occipital Transtentorial Approach for Dorsal Midbrain Cavernous Malformation: Technical Notes With Illustrative Case. World neurosurgery 2025. link 22 Srinivas D, Shah K. Endoscopic endonasal transmaxillary approach to intraorbital intraconal cavernous venous malformation. Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia 2025. link 23 da Fontoura Galvão G, da Silva EV, Trefilio LM, Alves-Leon SV, Fontes-Dantas FL, de Souza JM. Comprehensive CCM3 Mutational Analysis in Two Patients with Syndromic Cerebral Cavernous Malformation. Translational stroke research 2024. link 24 Al-Salihi MM, Al-Jebur MS, Al-Salihi Y, Saha R, Daie MM, Rahman MM et al.. Diffusion tensor imaging with tractography in surgical resection of brainstem cavernous malformations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The International journal of neuroscience 2024. link 25 Wang J, Yu QF, Huo R, Sun YF, Jiao YM, Xu HY et al.. Zabramski classification in predicting the occurrence of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage in sporadic cerebral cavernous malformations. Journal of neurosurgery 2024. link 26 Lazzaroni F, Meessen JMTA, Sun Y, Lanfranconi S, Scola E, D'Alessandris QG et al.. Circulating biomarkers in familial cerebral cavernous malformation. EBioMedicine 2024. link 27 Graffeo CS, Srinivasan VM, Scherschinski L, Benner D, Karahalios K, Devia DA et al.. Expanding the reach of the trans-middle cerebellar peduncle approach: pontine cavernous malformations, tissue transgression beyond the safe entry zone, and the invisible triangle. Journal of neurosurgery 2024. link 28 Hage S, Kinkade S, Girard R, Flemming KD, Kim H, Torbey MT et al.. Trial Readiness of Cavernous Malformations With Symptomatic Hemorrhage, Part II: Biomarkers and Trial Modeling. Stroke 2024. link 29 Gajjar AA, Jain A, Le AH, Salem MM, Jankowitz BT, Burkhardt JK. Cerebral Cavernous Malformations Patient Perception Analysis via Social Media. Journal of neurological surgery. Part A, Central European neurosurgery 2024. link 30 Silva C, Durães J, Lima M, Pereira DJ, Santana I, Almeida MR. Towards a neurocognitive profile in familial cerebral cavernous malformations. Acta neurologica Belgica 2024. link 31 Yao BH, Wang L, Liu PP, Wu ZY, Zhang LW, Zhang JT et al.. Hemorrhagic Outcome of Brainstem Cavernous Malformations following Radiosurgery: Dose-Response Relationship. Stereotactic and functional neurosurgery 2024. link 32 Calloni T, Carai A, Lioi F, Cavaliere M, DE Benedictis A, Rossi S et al.. Surgical management of pediatric intracranial cerebral cavernous malformations: a 10-year single-center experience. Journal of neurosurgical sciences 2024. link 33 Flemming KD, Kim H, Hage S, Mandrekar J, Kinkade S, Girard R et al.. Trial Readiness of Cavernous Malformations With Symptomatic Hemorrhage, Part I: Event Rates and Clinical Outcome. Stroke 2024. link 34 Ikramuddin S, Liu S, Ryan D, Hassani S, Hasan D, Feng W. Propranolol or Beta-Blockers for Cerebral Cavernous Malformation: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Literature in Both Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Translational stroke research 2024. link 35 Singh R, Dumot C, Mantziaris G, Dayawansa S, Xu Z, Pikis S et al.. Clinical outcomes following stereotactic radiosurgery for cerebral cavernous malformations of the basal ganglia and thalamus. Journal of neurosurgery 2024. link 36 Catapano JS, Rumalla K, Srinivasan VM, Winkler EA, Benner D, Lawrence PM et al.. A taxonomy for deep cerebral cavernous malformations: subtypes of basal ganglia lesions. Journal of neurosurgery 2024. link 37 Kuroedov D, Cunha B, Pamplona J, Castillo M, Ramalho J. Cerebral cavernous malformations: Typical and atypical imaging characteristics. Journal of neuroimaging : official journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging 2023. link 38 Antonelli V, Maimone G, Fuschillo D, Turrini A, Draghi R, Riccioni L et al.. De novo cavernous angiomas associated with developmental venous anomaly: a mini-series and literature review. Journal of neurosurgical sciences 2023. link 39 Hill CS, Borg A, Horsfall HL, Al-Mohammad A, Grover P, Kitchen N. Cerebral cavernous malformation: Management, outcomes, and surveillance strategies - A single centre retrospective cohort study. Clinical neurology and neurosurgery 2023. link 40 Padarti A, Amritphale A, Eliyas JK, Rigamonti D, Zhang J. Readmissions in patients with cerebral cavernous malformations: a national readmission database study. Journal of neurosurgical sciences 2023. link 41 Li Z, Ma L, Quan K, Liu P, Shi Y, Liu Y et al.. Rehemorrhage of brainstem cavernous malformations: a benchmark approach to individualized risk and severity assessment. Journal of neurosurgery 2023. link 42 Wu X, Wang X, Song G, Li M, Chen G, Guo H et al.. Simultaneous hemorrhage of multiple cerebral cavernous malformations of the insular lobe and Meckel's cave: a case report and literature review. British journal of neurosurgery 2023. link 43 Romanos SG, Srinath A, Li Y, Xie B, Chen C, Li Y et al.. Circulating Plasma miRNA Homologs in Mice and Humans Reflect Familial Cerebral Cavernous Malformation Disease. Translational stroke research 2023. link 44 Benner D, Hendricks BK, Benet A, Graffeo CS, Scherschinski L, Srinivasan VM et al.. A system of anatomical triangles defining dissection routes to brainstem cavernous malformations: definitions and application to a cohort of 183 patients. Journal of neurosurgery 2023. link 45 Geraldo AF, Alves CAPF, Luis A, Tortora D, Guimarães J, Abreu D et al.. Natural history of familial cerebral cavernous malformation syndrome in children: a multicenter cohort study. Neuroradiology 2023. link 46 Elbaze S, Duron L, Mambour N, Zmuda M, Krystal S, Guillaume J et al.. A signature of structural MRI features at 3 Tesla allows an accurate characterization of orbital cavernous venous malformation. European radiology 2023. link 47 De Witt ME, Almaguer-Ascencio M, Petropoulou K, Tovar-Spinoza Z. The use of stereotactic MRI-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy for the treatment of pediatric cavernous malformations: the SUNY Upstate Golisano Children's Hospital experience. Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery 2023. link 48 Hori T, Chernov M, Alshebib YA, Kubota Y, Matsuo S, Shiramizu H et al.. Long-term outcomes after surgery for brainstem cavernous malformations: analysis of 46 consecutive cases. Journal of neurosurgery 2023. link 49 Dallo Gallo BH, Galdino Chaves JP, Luvison Gomes da Silva L, Novicki Francisco A, Demartini Junior Z, Keijiro Maeda A et al.. Radiation-induced cerebral cavernous malformation: is it just a childhood disease?. British journal of neurosurgery 2023. link 50 Fry L, Heskett C, De Stefano FA, Lei C, Brake A, Chatley K et al.. A Bibliometric Analysis of the Top 100 Most Influential Articles on Cerebral Cavernous Malformations. World neurosurgery 2023. link 51 Rauschenbach L, Santos AN, Gull HH, Rieß C, Deuschl C, Schmidt B et al.. Functional impact of multiple bleeding events in patients with conservatively treated spinal cavernous malformations. Journal of neurosurgery. Spine 2023. link 52 Hongo H, Miyawaki S, Teranishi Y, Mitsui J, Katoh H, Komura D et al.. Somatic GJA4 gain-of-function mutation in orbital cavernous venous malformations. Angiogenesis 2023. link 53 Catapano JS, Benner D, Rhodenhiser EG, Rumalla K, Graffeo CS, Srinivasan VM et al.. Safety of brainstem safe entry zones: comparison of microsurgical outcomes associated with superficial, exophytic, and deep brainstem cavernous malformations. Journal of neurosurgery 2023. link 54 Bertolini G, Calamo Specchia FM, Bertolini P, Giombelli E. Suboccipital telovelar approach for microsurgical resection of a hemorrhagic brainstem cavernous malformation in an infant - how I do it. Acta neurochirurgica 2023. link 55 Yang Y, Velz J, Neidert MC, Lang W, Regli L, Bozinov O. The BSCM score: a guideline for surgical decision-making for brainstem cavernous malformations. Neurosurgical review 2022. link 56 Santos AN, Rauschenbach L, Saban D, Chen B, Herten A, Dinger TF et al.. Natural Course of Cerebral Cavernous Malformations in Children: A Five-Year Follow-Up Study. Stroke 2022. link 57 Karaaslan B, Gülsuna B, Erol G, Dağli Ö, Emmez H, Kurt G et al.. Stereotactic radiosurgery for cerebral cavernous malformation: comparison of hemorrhage rates before and after stereotactic radiosurgery. Journal of neurosurgery 2022. link 58 Parikh N, Williamson R, Kulzer M, Sohn A, Chang WM, Li CQ. Unique enlarging cavernous malformation secondary to abnormal arteriovenous shunting through an associated developmental venous anomaly. The neuroradiology journal 2022. link 59 Frisoli FA, Baranoski JF, Catapano JS, Lang MJ, Lawton MT. Contralateral Supracerebellar-Transtentorial Approach for Posterior Mediobasal Temporal Cavernous Malformation Resection. World neurosurgery 2022. link 60 Wu X, Chen W, Lin Y, Liang R. The Impact of Volume Factor on the Long-Term Outcome of Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for Sporadic Cerebral Cavernous Malformations. World neurosurgery 2022. link 61 Herten A, Saban D, Santos AN, Chen B, Darkwah Oppong M, Rauschenbach L et al.. The occurrence of neuropathic pain following surgery of brainstem cavernous malformations. European journal of neurology 2022. link 62 Matarneh B, Cottrell CE, Choi S, Pearson G, Fung B, Koo SC et al.. KRIT1-positive hyperkeratotic cutaneous capillary venous malformation. Pediatric dermatology 2022. link 63 Fiorindi A, Gallinaro P, Marton E, Canova G, Fontanella MM, Longatti P. Opto-chiasmatic apoplexy as a compartment syndrome? Anatomical and surgical considerations on two bleeding cavernous malformations. Clinical neurology and neurosurgery 2021. link 64 Garcia RM, Oh T, Cole TS, Hendricks BK, Lawton MT. Recurrent brainstem cavernous malformations following primary resection: blind spots, fine lines, and the right-angle method. Journal of neurosurgery 2021. link 65 Kapadia M, Walwema M, Smith TR, Bellinski I, Batjer H, Getch C et al.. Seizure outcome in patients with cavernous malformation after early surgery. Epilepsy & behavior : E&B 2021. link 66 Brogna C, Lavrador JP, Kandeel HS, Beyh A, Ribas EC, Vergani F et al.. Medial-tonsillar telovelar approach for resection of a superior medullary velum cerebral cavernous malformation: anatomical and tractography study of the surgical approach and functional implications. Acta neurochirurgica 2021. link 67 Lin J, Liang J, Wen J, Luo M, Li J, Sun X et al.. Mutations of . Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 2021. link 68 Carrión-Penagos J, Zeineddine HA, Polster SP, Girard R, Lyne SB, Koskimäki J et al.. Subclinical imaging changes in cerebral cavernous angiomas during prospective surveillance. Journal of neurosurgery 2021. link 69 Li D, Wu ZY, Liu PP, Ma JP, Huo XL, Wang L et al.. Natural history of brainstem cavernous malformations: prospective hemorrhage rate and adverse factors in a consecutive prospective cohort. Journal of neurosurgery 2021. link 70 Zheng JJ, Liu PP, Wang L, Zhang LW, Zhang JT, Li D et al.. Natural history of incidentally diagnosed brainstem cavernous malformations in a prospective observational cohort. Neurosurgical review 2021. link 71 Florian IA, Timis TL, Kiss KR, Florian IS, Berindan-Neagoe I. Ruptured pontine cavernomas in infants: a report of two cases. Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery 2021. link 72 Fontanella MM, Agosti E, Zanin L, di Bergamo LT, Doglietto F. Cerebral cavernous malformation remnants after surgery: a single-center series with long-term bleeding risk analysis. Neurosurgical review 2021. link 73 Thompson K, Mattern-Baxter K. Intensive, functional training leads to optimal outcomes in a young woman post brain stem hemorrhage due to cerebral cavernous malformation. Physiotherapy theory and practice 2020. link 74 Wang C, Zhang D, Wang S, Zhang Y, Wang R, Zhao J. Intraosseous cavernous malformations of the skull: clinical characteristics and long-term surgical outcomes. Neurosurgical review 2020. link 75 Xie S, Xiao XR, Li H, Meng GL, Zhang JT, Wu Z et al.. Surgical treatment of pontine cavernous malformations via subtemporal transtentorial and intradural anterior transpetrosal approaches. Neurosurgical review 2020. link 76 Rutkowski MJ, Ravina K, Carey JN, Russin JJ. Transblepharo-Preseptal Modified Orbitozygomatic Approach for Resection of Giant Frontal Cavernous Malformation: 3-Dimensional Operative Video. World neurosurgery 2020. link 77 Gomez-Paz S, Maragkos GA, Salem MM, Ascanio LC, Lee M, Enriquez-Marulanda A et al.. Symptomatic Hemorrhage From Cerebral Cavernous Malformations: Evidence from a Cohort Study. World neurosurgery 2020. link 78 Abunimer AM, Lak AM, Abou-Al-Shaar H, Patel NJ. Anterior Petrosectomy for Resection of Brainstem Cavernous Malformation. World neurosurgery 2020. link 79 Rath M, Pagenstecher A, Hoischen A, Felbor U. Postzygotic mosaicism in cerebral cavernous malformation. Journal of medical genetics 2020. link 80 Tinsa F, Bel Hadj I, Riant F, Ben Romdhane M, Brini I, Tournier-Lasserve E et al.. A novel large deletion in CCM1 gene in a Tunisian family. Revue neurologique 2019. link 81 Lopez-Ramirez MA, Pham A, Girard R, Wyseure T, Hale P, Yamashita A et al.. Cerebral cavernous malformations form an anticoagulant vascular domain in humans and mice. Blood 2019. link 82 Maish WN. Developmental venous anomalies and brainstem cavernous malformations: a proposed physiological mechanism for haemorrhage. Neurosurgical review 2019. link 83 Gui S, Meng G, Xiao X, Wu Z, Zhang J. Surgical Management of Brainstem Cavernous Malformation: Report of 67 Patients. World neurosurgery 2019. link 84 Kocak B, Kizilkilic O, Zeynalova A, Korkmazer B, Kocer N, Islak C. Evaluation of sporadic intracranial cavernous malformations for detecting associated developmental venous anomalies: added diagnostic value of C-arm contrast-enhanced cone-beam CT to routine contrast-enhanced MRI. European radiology 2019. link 85 Wen R, Shi Y, Gao Y, Xu Y, Xiong B, Li D et al.. The Efficacy of Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for Cavernous Malformations: A Meta-Analysis and Review. World neurosurgery 2019. link 86 Wang Y, Li Y, Zou J, Polster SP, Lightle R, Moore T et al.. The cerebral cavernous malformation disease causing gene KRIT1 participates in intestinal epithelial barrier maintenance and regulation. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 2019. link 87 Zeineddine HA, Girard R, Saadat L, Shen L, Lightle R, Moore T et al.. Phenotypic characterization of murine models of cerebral cavernous malformations. Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology 2019. link 88 Xie MG, Li D, Guo FZ, Zhang LW, Zhang JT, Wu Z et al.. Brainstem Cavernous Malformations: Surgical Indications Based on Natural History and Surgical Outcomes. World neurosurgery 2018. link 89 Sweiss F, Jean WC. Transcondylar approach for resection of lateral medullary cavernous malformation. Acta neurochirurgica 2018. link 90 Zenonos GA, Fernandes-Cabral D, Nunez M, Lieber S, Fernandez-Miranda JC, Friedlander RM. The epitrigeminal approach to the brainstem. Journal of neurosurgery 2018. link 91 Lin Y, Lin F, Kang D, Jiao Y, Cao Y, Wang S. Supratentorial cavernous malformations adjacent to the corticospinal tract: surgical outcomes and predictive value of diffusion tensor imaging findings. Journal of neurosurgery 2018. link 92 Zeineddine HA, Girard R, Cao Y, Hobson N, Fam MD, Stadnik A et al.. Quantitative susceptibility mapping as a monitoring biomarker in cerebral cavernous malformations with recent hemorrhage. Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI 2018. link 93 Antognelli C, Trapani E, Delle Monache S, Perrelli A, Daga M, Pizzimenti S et al.. KRIT1 loss-of-function induces a chronic Nrf2-mediated adaptive homeostasis that sensitizes cells to oxidative stress: Implication for Cerebral Cavernous Malformation disease. Free radical biology & medicine 2018. link 94 Yeo JJY, Chang KTE, Ng LP, Seow WT, Low DCY, Low SYY. Cystic Cavernoma of Fourth Ventricle in Pediatric Patient. World neurosurgery 2018. link 95 Wang C, Zhao M, Deng X, Wang J, Jiang Z, Zhao J. Clinical features and neurosurgical treatment of trigonal cavernous malformations. Neurosurgical review 2018. link 96 Girard R, Zeineddine HA, Fam MD, Mayampurath A, Cao Y, Shi C et al.. Plasma Biomarkers of Inflammation Reflect Seizures and Hemorrhagic Activity of Cerebral Cavernous Malformations. Translational stroke research 2018. link 97 Wang C, Zhao M, Deng X, Wang J, Shu Q, Jiang Z et al.. Neurosurgical management of cavernous malformations located at the foramen of Monro. Neurosurgical review 2018. link 98 Nathal E, Patiño-Rodriguez HM, Arauz A, Imam SS, Acosta E, Evins AI et al.. Risk Factors for Unfavorable Outcomes in Surgically Treated Brainstem Cavernous Malformations. World neurosurgery 2018. link 99 Tumturk A, Li Y, Turan Y, Cikla U, Iskandar BJ, Baskaya MK. Emergency resection of brainstem cavernous malformations. Journal of neurosurgery 2018. link 100 Spiegler S, Rath M, Hoffjan S, Dammann P, Sure U, Pagenstecher A et al.. First large genomic inversion in familial cerebral cavernous malformation identified by whole genome sequencing. Neurogenetics 2018. link

Original source

[1]
Molecular Pathways and Circulating Biomarkers in Cerebral Cavernous Malformations-A Systematic Review. — Karadachi HH, González-Gallardo E, Rauschenbach L, Dinger T, Zwanziger D, Schmidt B et al. International journal of molecular sciences (2026)
[2]
Clinical course and patient-reported outcomes in conservatively managed spinal cavernous malformations. — Sandmann ACA, Kempeneers MA, Slot KM, van den Berg R, Vandertop WP, Verbaan D et al. Journal of neurology (2026)
[3]
Hypertrophic Olivary Degeneration in Brainstem Cavernous Malformations: An Analysis of Predictors and Clinical Implications. — Bektas D, Lanzino G, Graepel S, Flemming KD Neurosurgery (2026)
[4]
Association of PIK3CA mutations with brainstem location in sporadic cerebral cavernous malformations. — Planet M, Ducos Y, Eyries M, Marijon P, Bielle F, Rincon de la Rosa L et al. Journal of neurosurgery (2026)
[5]
Impact of cranial irradiation on the clinical presentation of cerebral cavernous malformations. — Kumar N, Shi J, Alcocer C, Luck S, Garton A, Rivera M et al. Clinical neurology and neurosurgery (2026)
[6]
Targeting OXCT1 with the methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine as a therapeutic strategy for cerebral cavernous malformations. — Ye Y, Yan C, Huang X, Husilengtu, Shi Y, Li Y et al. International journal of biological macromolecules (2026)
[7]
Cerebral Cavernous Malformations Presenting With Epileptic Spasms in Children. — Tonkin JY, Taylor L, Macdonald-Laurs E Pediatric neurology (2026)
[8]
Natural History of Sporadic Cerebral Cavernous Malformations by Zabramski Classification: Hemorrhage Risk and Functional Outcomes Over 5 Years. — Bektas D, Lanzino G, Flemming KD Neurosurgery (2026)
[9]
Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Clinical Management of Cavernous Malformations of the Brain and Spinal Cord: Consensus Recommendations Based on a Systematic Literature Review by the Alliance to Cure Cavernous Malformation Clinical Advisory Board Experts Panel. — Akers AL, Albanese J, Alcazar-Felix RJ, Al-Shahi Salman R, Awad IA, Connolly ES et al. Neurosurgery (2026)
[10]
Combinations of clinical factors and radiomics for the hemorrhage-free survival of brainstem cavernous malformation patients. — Huo X, Yao B, Guo J, Ma S, Wang H, Weng J et al. Clinical neurology and neurosurgery (2026)
[11]
TIE2 links MEKK3-KLF2/4 and PI3K signaling in cerebral cavernous malformation. — Li L, Castro M, Hongo H, Ren J, Shenkar R, Jabarkheel R et al. The Journal of experimental medicine (2026)
[12]
Crossed Brainstem Syndrome of the Tectal Plate's Inferior Colliculus Revealing Quadrigeminal Midbrain Cavernous Malformation. — Beucler N World neurosurgery (2025)
[13]
Utility of narrow band imaging in a patient with a spinal cord cavernous malformation. — Otsuki K, Hayashi H, Kasashima K, Toda H European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society (2025)
[14]
Surgery of brainstem cavernous malformations: surgical nuances and outcomes of a monocentric series of 34 patients. — Falco J, Broggi M, Acerbi F, Schiariti M, Moretti ME, Restelli F et al. Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology (2025)
[15]
Genetic variants in FCGR2A, PTPN2, VDR as predictive signatures of aggressive phenotypes in cerebral cavernous malformation. — Galvão GF, Trefilio LM, Salvio AL, da Silva EV, Alves-Leon SV, Fontes-Dantas FL et al. Gene (2025)
[16]
A taxonomy for cerebellar cavernous malformations: subtypes of cerebellar lesions. — Scherschinski L, Eberle AT, Saggi S, Jensen KN, Morshed RA, Winkler EA et al. Journal of neurosurgery (2025)
[17]
Except for Robust Outliers, Rapamycin Increases Lesion Burden in a Murine Model of Cerebral Cavernous Malformations. — Alcazar-Felix RJ, Shenkar R, Benavides CR, Bindal A, Srinath A, Li Y et al. Translational stroke research (2025)
[18]
Laser interstitial thermal therapy for cavernous malformations: a meta-analysis of individual patient-level data. — Jimenez AE, Geist EG, Connolly ES, McKhann GM, Youngerman BE Journal of neurosurgery (2025)
[19]
Intravital Imaging of Disease Mechanisms in a Mouse Model of CCM Skin Lesions-Brief Report. — Orlich MM, Norrén A, Desai M, Holm A, Kozakewich H, Schoofs H et al. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology (2025)
[20]
Cerebellar cavernous angioma associated with developmental venous anomaly presenting as a cerebellopontine angle neoplasm in CT scan. — Ogul H, Gozgec E, Demirdogen F, Kantarci M Ear, nose, & throat journal (2025)
[21]
Endoscopic Occipital Transtentorial Approach for Dorsal Midbrain Cavernous Malformation: Technical Notes With Illustrative Case. — Liu S, Sun C, Chen P, Yang H, Xie T, Huang J et al. World neurosurgery (2025)
[22]
Endoscopic endonasal transmaxillary approach to intraorbital intraconal cavernous venous malformation. — Srinivas D, Shah K Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia (2025)
[23]
Comprehensive CCM3 Mutational Analysis in Two Patients with Syndromic Cerebral Cavernous Malformation. — da Fontoura Galvão G, da Silva EV, Trefilio LM, Alves-Leon SV, Fontes-Dantas FL, de Souza JM Translational stroke research (2024)
[24]
Diffusion tensor imaging with tractography in surgical resection of brainstem cavernous malformations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. — Al-Salihi MM, Al-Jebur MS, Al-Salihi Y, Saha R, Daie MM, Rahman MM et al. The International journal of neuroscience (2024)
[25]
Zabramski classification in predicting the occurrence of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage in sporadic cerebral cavernous malformations. — Wang J, Yu QF, Huo R, Sun YF, Jiao YM, Xu HY et al. Journal of neurosurgery (2024)
[26]
Circulating biomarkers in familial cerebral cavernous malformation. — Lazzaroni F, Meessen JMTA, Sun Y, Lanfranconi S, Scola E, D'Alessandris QG et al. EBioMedicine (2024)
[27]
Expanding the reach of the trans-middle cerebellar peduncle approach: pontine cavernous malformations, tissue transgression beyond the safe entry zone, and the invisible triangle. — Graffeo CS, Srinivasan VM, Scherschinski L, Benner D, Karahalios K, Devia DA et al. Journal of neurosurgery (2024)
[28]
Trial Readiness of Cavernous Malformations With Symptomatic Hemorrhage, Part II: Biomarkers and Trial Modeling. — Hage S, Kinkade S, Girard R, Flemming KD, Kim H, Torbey MT et al. Stroke (2024)
[29]
Cerebral Cavernous Malformations Patient Perception Analysis via Social Media. — Gajjar AA, Jain A, Le AH, Salem MM, Jankowitz BT, Burkhardt JK Journal of neurological surgery. Part A, Central European neurosurgery (2024)
[30]
Towards a neurocognitive profile in familial cerebral cavernous malformations. — Silva C, Durães J, Lima M, Pereira DJ, Santana I, Almeida MR Acta neurologica Belgica (2024)
[31]
Hemorrhagic Outcome of Brainstem Cavernous Malformations following Radiosurgery: Dose-Response Relationship. — Yao BH, Wang L, Liu PP, Wu ZY, Zhang LW, Zhang JT et al. Stereotactic and functional neurosurgery (2024)
[32]
Surgical management of pediatric intracranial cerebral cavernous malformations: a 10-year single-center experience. — Calloni T, Carai A, Lioi F, Cavaliere M, DE Benedictis A, Rossi S et al. Journal of neurosurgical sciences (2024)
[33]
Trial Readiness of Cavernous Malformations With Symptomatic Hemorrhage, Part I: Event Rates and Clinical Outcome. — Flemming KD, Kim H, Hage S, Mandrekar J, Kinkade S, Girard R et al. Stroke (2024)
[34]
Propranolol or Beta-Blockers for Cerebral Cavernous Malformation: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Literature in Both Preclinical and Clinical Studies. — Ikramuddin S, Liu S, Ryan D, Hassani S, Hasan D, Feng W Translational stroke research (2024)
[35]
Clinical outcomes following stereotactic radiosurgery for cerebral cavernous malformations of the basal ganglia and thalamus. — Singh R, Dumot C, Mantziaris G, Dayawansa S, Xu Z, Pikis S et al. Journal of neurosurgery (2024)
[36]
A taxonomy for deep cerebral cavernous malformations: subtypes of basal ganglia lesions. — Catapano JS, Rumalla K, Srinivasan VM, Winkler EA, Benner D, Lawrence PM et al. Journal of neurosurgery (2024)
[37]
Cerebral cavernous malformations: Typical and atypical imaging characteristics. — Kuroedov D, Cunha B, Pamplona J, Castillo M, Ramalho J Journal of neuroimaging : official journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging (2023)
[38]
De novo cavernous angiomas associated with developmental venous anomaly: a mini-series and literature review. — Antonelli V, Maimone G, Fuschillo D, Turrini A, Draghi R, Riccioni L et al. Journal of neurosurgical sciences (2023)
[39]
Cerebral cavernous malformation: Management, outcomes, and surveillance strategies - A single centre retrospective cohort study. — Hill CS, Borg A, Horsfall HL, Al-Mohammad A, Grover P, Kitchen N Clinical neurology and neurosurgery (2023)
[40]
Readmissions in patients with cerebral cavernous malformations: a national readmission database study. — Padarti A, Amritphale A, Eliyas JK, Rigamonti D, Zhang J Journal of neurosurgical sciences (2023)
[41]
Rehemorrhage of brainstem cavernous malformations: a benchmark approach to individualized risk and severity assessment. — Li Z, Ma L, Quan K, Liu P, Shi Y, Liu Y et al. Journal of neurosurgery (2023)
[42]
Simultaneous hemorrhage of multiple cerebral cavernous malformations of the insular lobe and Meckel's cave: a case report and literature review. — Wu X, Wang X, Song G, Li M, Chen G, Guo H et al. British journal of neurosurgery (2023)
[43]
Circulating Plasma miRNA Homologs in Mice and Humans Reflect Familial Cerebral Cavernous Malformation Disease. — Romanos SG, Srinath A, Li Y, Xie B, Chen C, Li Y et al. Translational stroke research (2023)
[44]
A system of anatomical triangles defining dissection routes to brainstem cavernous malformations: definitions and application to a cohort of 183 patients. — Benner D, Hendricks BK, Benet A, Graffeo CS, Scherschinski L, Srinivasan VM et al. Journal of neurosurgery (2023)
[45]
Natural history of familial cerebral cavernous malformation syndrome in children: a multicenter cohort study. — Geraldo AF, Alves CAPF, Luis A, Tortora D, Guimarães J, Abreu D et al. Neuroradiology (2023)
[46]
A signature of structural MRI features at 3 Tesla allows an accurate characterization of orbital cavernous venous malformation. — Elbaze S, Duron L, Mambour N, Zmuda M, Krystal S, Guillaume J et al. European radiology (2023)
[47]
The use of stereotactic MRI-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy for the treatment of pediatric cavernous malformations: the SUNY Upstate Golisano Children's Hospital experience. — De Witt ME, Almaguer-Ascencio M, Petropoulou K, Tovar-Spinoza Z Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery (2023)
[48]
Long-term outcomes after surgery for brainstem cavernous malformations: analysis of 46 consecutive cases. — Hori T, Chernov M, Alshebib YA, Kubota Y, Matsuo S, Shiramizu H et al. Journal of neurosurgery (2023)
[49]
Radiation-induced cerebral cavernous malformation: is it just a childhood disease? — Dallo Gallo BH, Galdino Chaves JP, Luvison Gomes da Silva L, Novicki Francisco A, Demartini Junior Z, Keijiro Maeda A et al. British journal of neurosurgery (2023)
[50]
A Bibliometric Analysis of the Top 100 Most Influential Articles on Cerebral Cavernous Malformations. — Fry L, Heskett C, De Stefano FA, Lei C, Brake A, Chatley K et al. World neurosurgery (2023)
[51]
Functional impact of multiple bleeding events in patients with conservatively treated spinal cavernous malformations. — Rauschenbach L, Santos AN, Gull HH, Rieß C, Deuschl C, Schmidt B et al. Journal of neurosurgery. Spine (2023)
[52]
Somatic GJA4 gain-of-function mutation in orbital cavernous venous malformations. — Hongo H, Miyawaki S, Teranishi Y, Mitsui J, Katoh H, Komura D et al. Angiogenesis (2023)
[53]
Safety of brainstem safe entry zones: comparison of microsurgical outcomes associated with superficial, exophytic, and deep brainstem cavernous malformations. — Catapano JS, Benner D, Rhodenhiser EG, Rumalla K, Graffeo CS, Srinivasan VM et al. Journal of neurosurgery (2023)
[54]
Suboccipital telovelar approach for microsurgical resection of a hemorrhagic brainstem cavernous malformation in an infant - how I do it. — Bertolini G, Calamo Specchia FM, Bertolini P, Giombelli E Acta neurochirurgica (2023)
[55]
The BSCM score: a guideline for surgical decision-making for brainstem cavernous malformations. — Yang Y, Velz J, Neidert MC, Lang W, Regli L, Bozinov O Neurosurgical review (2022)
[56]
Natural Course of Cerebral Cavernous Malformations in Children: A Five-Year Follow-Up Study. — Santos AN, Rauschenbach L, Saban D, Chen B, Herten A, Dinger TF et al. Stroke (2022)
[57]
Stereotactic radiosurgery for cerebral cavernous malformation: comparison of hemorrhage rates before and after stereotactic radiosurgery. — Karaaslan B, Gülsuna B, Erol G, Dağli Ö, Emmez H, Kurt G et al. Journal of neurosurgery (2022)
[58]
Unique enlarging cavernous malformation secondary to abnormal arteriovenous shunting through an associated developmental venous anomaly. — Parikh N, Williamson R, Kulzer M, Sohn A, Chang WM, Li CQ The neuroradiology journal (2022)
[59]
Contralateral Supracerebellar-Transtentorial Approach for Posterior Mediobasal Temporal Cavernous Malformation Resection. — Frisoli FA, Baranoski JF, Catapano JS, Lang MJ, Lawton MT World neurosurgery (2022)
[60]
The Impact of Volume Factor on the Long-Term Outcome of Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for Sporadic Cerebral Cavernous Malformations. — Wu X, Chen W, Lin Y, Liang R World neurosurgery (2022)
[61]
The occurrence of neuropathic pain following surgery of brainstem cavernous malformations. — Herten A, Saban D, Santos AN, Chen B, Darkwah Oppong M, Rauschenbach L et al. European journal of neurology (2022)
[62]
KRIT1-positive hyperkeratotic cutaneous capillary venous malformation. — Matarneh B, Cottrell CE, Choi S, Pearson G, Fung B, Koo SC et al. Pediatric dermatology (2022)
[63]
Opto-chiasmatic apoplexy as a compartment syndrome? Anatomical and surgical considerations on two bleeding cavernous malformations. — Fiorindi A, Gallinaro P, Marton E, Canova G, Fontanella MM, Longatti P Clinical neurology and neurosurgery (2021)
[64]
Recurrent brainstem cavernous malformations following primary resection: blind spots, fine lines, and the right-angle method. — Garcia RM, Oh T, Cole TS, Hendricks BK, Lawton MT Journal of neurosurgery (2021)
[65]
Seizure outcome in patients with cavernous malformation after early surgery. — Kapadia M, Walwema M, Smith TR, Bellinski I, Batjer H, Getch C et al. Epilepsy & behavior : E&B (2021)
[66]
Medial-tonsillar telovelar approach for resection of a superior medullary velum cerebral cavernous malformation: anatomical and tractography study of the surgical approach and functional implications. — Brogna C, Lavrador JP, Kandeel HS, Beyh A, Ribas EC, Vergani F et al. Acta neurochirurgica (2021)
[67]
Mutations of — Lin J, Liang J, Wen J, Luo M, Li J, Sun X et al. Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism (2021)
[68]
Subclinical imaging changes in cerebral cavernous angiomas during prospective surveillance. — Carrión-Penagos J, Zeineddine HA, Polster SP, Girard R, Lyne SB, Koskimäki J et al. Journal of neurosurgery (2021)
[69]
Natural history of brainstem cavernous malformations: prospective hemorrhage rate and adverse factors in a consecutive prospective cohort. — Li D, Wu ZY, Liu PP, Ma JP, Huo XL, Wang L et al. Journal of neurosurgery (2021)
[70]
Natural history of incidentally diagnosed brainstem cavernous malformations in a prospective observational cohort. — Zheng JJ, Liu PP, Wang L, Zhang LW, Zhang JT, Li D et al. Neurosurgical review (2021)
[71]
Ruptured pontine cavernomas in infants: a report of two cases. — Florian IA, Timis TL, Kiss KR, Florian IS, Berindan-Neagoe I Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery (2021)
[72]
Cerebral cavernous malformation remnants after surgery: a single-center series with long-term bleeding risk analysis. — Fontanella MM, Agosti E, Zanin L, di Bergamo LT, Doglietto F Neurosurgical review (2021)
[73]
Intensive, functional training leads to optimal outcomes in a young woman post brain stem hemorrhage due to cerebral cavernous malformation. — Thompson K, Mattern-Baxter K Physiotherapy theory and practice (2020)
[74]
Intraosseous cavernous malformations of the skull: clinical characteristics and long-term surgical outcomes. — Wang C, Zhang D, Wang S, Zhang Y, Wang R, Zhao J Neurosurgical review (2020)
[75]
Surgical treatment of pontine cavernous malformations via subtemporal transtentorial and intradural anterior transpetrosal approaches. — Xie S, Xiao XR, Li H, Meng GL, Zhang JT, Wu Z et al. Neurosurgical review (2020)
[76]
Transblepharo-Preseptal Modified Orbitozygomatic Approach for Resection of Giant Frontal Cavernous Malformation: 3-Dimensional Operative Video. — Rutkowski MJ, Ravina K, Carey JN, Russin JJ World neurosurgery (2020)
[77]
Symptomatic Hemorrhage From Cerebral Cavernous Malformations: Evidence from a Cohort Study. — Gomez-Paz S, Maragkos GA, Salem MM, Ascanio LC, Lee M, Enriquez-Marulanda A et al. World neurosurgery (2020)
[78]
Anterior Petrosectomy for Resection of Brainstem Cavernous Malformation. — Abunimer AM, Lak AM, Abou-Al-Shaar H, Patel NJ World neurosurgery (2020)
[79]
Postzygotic mosaicism in cerebral cavernous malformation. — Rath M, Pagenstecher A, Hoischen A, Felbor U Journal of medical genetics (2020)
[80]
A novel large deletion in CCM1 gene in a Tunisian family. — Tinsa F, Bel Hadj I, Riant F, Ben Romdhane M, Brini I, Tournier-Lasserve E et al. Revue neurologique (2019)
[81]
Cerebral cavernous malformations form an anticoagulant vascular domain in humans and mice. — Lopez-Ramirez MA, Pham A, Girard R, Wyseure T, Hale P, Yamashita A et al. Blood (2019)
[82]
Developmental venous anomalies and brainstem cavernous malformations: a proposed physiological mechanism for haemorrhage. — Maish WN Neurosurgical review (2019)
[83]
Surgical Management of Brainstem Cavernous Malformation: Report of 67 Patients. — Gui S, Meng G, Xiao X, Wu Z, Zhang J World neurosurgery (2019)
[84]
Evaluation of sporadic intracranial cavernous malformations for detecting associated developmental venous anomalies: added diagnostic value of C-arm contrast-enhanced cone-beam CT to routine contrast-enhanced MRI. — Kocak B, Kizilkilic O, Zeynalova A, Korkmazer B, Kocer N, Islak C European radiology (2019)
[85]
The Efficacy of Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for Cavernous Malformations: A Meta-Analysis and Review. — Wen R, Shi Y, Gao Y, Xu Y, Xiong B, Li D et al. World neurosurgery (2019)
[86]
The cerebral cavernous malformation disease causing gene KRIT1 participates in intestinal epithelial barrier maintenance and regulation. — Wang Y, Li Y, Zou J, Polster SP, Lightle R, Moore T et al. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (2019)
[87]
Phenotypic characterization of murine models of cerebral cavernous malformations. — Zeineddine HA, Girard R, Saadat L, Shen L, Lightle R, Moore T et al. Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology (2019)
[88]
Brainstem Cavernous Malformations: Surgical Indications Based on Natural History and Surgical Outcomes. — Xie MG, Li D, Guo FZ, Zhang LW, Zhang JT, Wu Z et al. World neurosurgery (2018)
[89]
Transcondylar approach for resection of lateral medullary cavernous malformation. — Sweiss F, Jean WC Acta neurochirurgica (2018)
[90]
The epitrigeminal approach to the brainstem. — Zenonos GA, Fernandes-Cabral D, Nunez M, Lieber S, Fernandez-Miranda JC, Friedlander RM Journal of neurosurgery (2018)
[91]
Supratentorial cavernous malformations adjacent to the corticospinal tract: surgical outcomes and predictive value of diffusion tensor imaging findings. — Lin Y, Lin F, Kang D, Jiao Y, Cao Y, Wang S Journal of neurosurgery (2018)
[92]
Quantitative susceptibility mapping as a monitoring biomarker in cerebral cavernous malformations with recent hemorrhage. — Zeineddine HA, Girard R, Cao Y, Hobson N, Fam MD, Stadnik A et al. Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI (2018)
[93]
KRIT1 loss-of-function induces a chronic Nrf2-mediated adaptive homeostasis that sensitizes cells to oxidative stress: Implication for Cerebral Cavernous Malformation disease. — Antognelli C, Trapani E, Delle Monache S, Perrelli A, Daga M, Pizzimenti S et al. Free radical biology & medicine (2018)
[94]
Cystic Cavernoma of Fourth Ventricle in Pediatric Patient. — Yeo JJY, Chang KTE, Ng LP, Seow WT, Low DCY, Low SYY World neurosurgery (2018)
[95]
Clinical features and neurosurgical treatment of trigonal cavernous malformations. — Wang C, Zhao M, Deng X, Wang J, Jiang Z, Zhao J Neurosurgical review (2018)
[96]
Plasma Biomarkers of Inflammation Reflect Seizures and Hemorrhagic Activity of Cerebral Cavernous Malformations. — Girard R, Zeineddine HA, Fam MD, Mayampurath A, Cao Y, Shi C et al. Translational stroke research (2018)
[97]
Neurosurgical management of cavernous malformations located at the foramen of Monro. — Wang C, Zhao M, Deng X, Wang J, Shu Q, Jiang Z et al. Neurosurgical review (2018)
[98]
Risk Factors for Unfavorable Outcomes in Surgically Treated Brainstem Cavernous Malformations. — Nathal E, Patiño-Rodriguez HM, Arauz A, Imam SS, Acosta E, Evins AI et al. World neurosurgery (2018)
[99]
Emergency resection of brainstem cavernous malformations. — Tumturk A, Li Y, Turan Y, Cikla U, Iskandar BJ, Baskaya MK Journal of neurosurgery (2018)
[100]
First large genomic inversion in familial cerebral cavernous malformation identified by whole genome sequencing. — Spiegler S, Rath M, Hoffjan S, Dammann P, Sure U, Pagenstecher A et al. Neurogenetics (2018)

Share:Twitter Reddit LinkedIn