HemoChat is an evidence-based AI medical search tool covering all major clinical domains, powered by 46,298 SNOMED-CT concepts, clinical guidelines, and live PubMed literature.

What medical domains does HemoChat cover?

HemoChat covers all major medical domains including cardiology, oncology, neurology, hematology, pulmonology, endocrinology, gastroenterology, psychiatry, nephrology, rheumatology, musculoskeletal, and more — with 46,298 SNOMED-CT concepts.

Is HemoChat a replacement for clinical judgment?

No. HemoChat is for clinical reference only and is not a substitute for professional medical judgment. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals for medical decisions.

What AI technology does HemoChat use?

HemoChat uses a hybrid GraphRAG + VectorRAG pipeline combining Neo4j knowledge graphs with FAISS vector search and an LLM for answer generation.

← Back to guidelines

Cardiology1079 papers

Pheochromocytoma

Last edited: 4/23/2026

Overview

Pheochromocytoma is a rare, usually benign, tumor arising from chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla, characterized by excessive catecholamine secretion leading to hypertension, headaches, palpitations, and potentially life-threatening cardiovascular complications. 1 6

Diagnosis

Key Diagnostic Criteria: Hypertension, episodic headaches, palpitations, and diaphoresis.

Recommended Tests: Plasma-free metanephrines and normetanephrines, urinary catecholamines, and imaging studies (CT, MRI, PET with 18F-FDOPA).

Grading: Utilize biochemical testing for definitive diagnosis; imaging to localize the tumor and assess for metastases. 1 5 4 7 55

Management

First-Line Treatment: Preoperative alpha-adrenergic blockade (e.g., phenoxybenzamine) to control hypertension and prevent intraoperative crises.

Adjunctive Treatments: Beta-blockade cautiously after alpha-blockade (e.g., bisoprolol), surgical resection, and consideration of genetic counseling if hereditary syndromes are suspected.

Specific Drugs: Alpha-blockade initiated at low doses and titrated up; avoid abrupt cessation. Beta-blockade only after alpha-blockade to prevent unopposed alpha-adrenergic activity. 1 11 18 37 55

Special Populations

Pregnancy: Requires careful management to avoid teratogenic effects and manage hypertension without compromising maternal or fetal well-being. 33

Pediatrics: Laparoscopic adrenal-sparing approaches may be considered in hereditary cases like von Hippel-Lindau disease to preserve adrenal function. 14 44

Elderly: Increased vigilance for cardiovascular complications; tailored perioperative management to mitigate risks. 3 9 44

Comorbidities: Special attention to coexisting cardiovascular conditions; continuous hemodynamic monitoring and advanced life support measures may be necessary. 29 50 56

Key Recommendations

Initiate preoperative alpha-adrenergic blockade to control hypertension and prevent intraoperative hemodynamic instability. (Evidence: Strong 1 11 18)

Perform thorough biochemical testing including plasma-free metanephrines for accurate diagnosis. (Evidence: Strong 5 4 7)

Consider genetic counseling in patients with suspected hereditary syndromes like von Hippel-Lindau disease. (Evidence: Moderate 12 44)

Utilize advanced imaging techniques such as PET with 18F-FDOPA for precise tumor localization and staging. (Evidence: Moderate 5)

Tailor perioperative management based on patient-specific factors, including age and comorbidities, to minimize complications. (Evidence: Moderate 3 9 44)

References

Showing 100 most recent of 544 indexed papers.

1 Tanabe A, Katabami T, Hashimoto S, Izawa S, Ichijo T, Otsuki M et al.. Japan Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma 2025. Endocrine journal 2026. link 2 Park BK. Computed tomography-guided radiofrequency ablation of pheochromocytomas in a small case series with von Hippel-Lindau disease: treatment safety and outcomes. Abdominal radiology (New York) 2026. link 3 Qi W, Geng S, Xiang Y, Wang C, Huang H, Wu S et al.. Predictive factors and a nomogram for hemodynamic instability during operation in patients with pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas. Surgical endoscopy 2026. link 4 Dariya S, Ahada RS, Khanna R, Vishvak Chanthar KMM, Mayilvaganan S, Chand G et al.. Objective assessment of vascular dysfunction in pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma patients and reversal following curative surgery: Results from prospective PheoCard study. Surgery 2026. link 5 Ebbehoj A, Iversen P, Kramer S, Stochholm K, Poulsen PL, Hjorthaug K et al.. Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma-18F-FDOPA vs Somatostatin Analogues. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2025. link 6 Yiannakopoulou E. Pheochromocytoma manifested as a surgical emergency. European journal of surgical oncology : the journal of the European Society of Surgical Oncology and the British Association of Surgical Oncology 2025. link 7 Wang D. Integration of Three-dimensional Visualization Reconstruction Technology with Problem-Based Learning in the Clinical Training of Resident Physicians Specialized in Pheochromocytoma. Current medical imaging 2025. link 8 Ambarsari CG, Nadhifah N, Lestari HI. Perioperative Blood Pressure Management Recommendations in Pediatric Pheochromocytoma: A 10-Year Narrative Review. Kidney & blood pressure research 2025. link 9 Guo N, Liu T, Zhao P, Bai S. Long-Term Cardiovascular Complications in Patients With Pheochromocytomas and Paragangliomas After Surgery: A Large Multi-Center Study. Clinical endocrinology 2025. link 10 Calçada A, Costa V, Lêdo L, Freire P. Quick action required: revealing pheochromocytoma as the hidden trigger behind postoperative hypertensive crisis. Journal of hypertension 2025. link 11 Zawadzka K, Pisarska-Adamczyk M, Hubalewska-Dydejczyk A, Pędziwiatr M. Prolonged alpha-blockade and doxazosin are associated with hypertensive crisis in pheochromocytoma surgery. Frontiers in endocrinology 2025. link 12 Li T, Cui Y, Zhou Y, Zhou T, Chen S, Lu L et al.. Pheochromocytoma in von Hippel-Lindau Disease: Clinical Features and Comparison With Sporadic Pheochromocytoma. Clinical endocrinology 2025. link 13 Cao C, Xue P, Yang X, Huang F, Xie Y, Zhou Z. Case report: From metabolic instability to remission: a case of pheochromocytoma presenting as atypical diabetes. Frontiers in endocrinology 2025. link 14 Deregibus MI, Pompozzi LA, Sansó G. Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma at a children's hospital in Argentina. A case series. Archivos argentinos de pediatria 2024. link 15 Petrák O, Krátká Z, Holaj R, Zítek M, Nguyen Nikrýnová T, Klímová J et al.. Cardiovascular Complications in Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma: Does Phenotype Matter?. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) 2024. link 16 Park YG, Park I, Kim Y, Lee HS, Lee W, Yoon S et al.. Outcomes of systemic treatment according to germline mutational status in patients with metastatic pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma. Clinical genitourinary cancer 2024. link 17 Memon SS, Srivastava P, Karlekar M, Thakkar H, Bandgar T. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in pheochromocytoma - paraganglioma: A single center experience. Journal of postgraduate medicine 2024. link 18 Araujo-Castro M, García Sanz I, Mínguez Ojeda C, Hanzu F, Mora M, Vicente A et al.. Risk factors for intraoperative hypertensive crisis in patients with pheochromocytomas and sympathetic paragangliomas. Journal of hypertension 2024. link 19 Manhaeghe L, Goethals AM, Van Aerde N, Frederiks P, Sinnaeve P, Janssens S et al.. Pheochromocytoma leading to Takotsubo and Ogilvie syndrome, a pathophysiological triad. Acta cardiologica 2024. link 20 Chen S, Chen Y, Chen P. Pheochromocytoma-induced congestive heart failure and hypertension in a 21- year-old man-a Case Report. JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association 2024. link 21 Schiavone D, Ballo M, Filardo M, Dughiero S, Torresan F, Rossi GP et al.. Total adrenalectomy versus subtotal adrenalectomy for bilateral pheochromocytoma: meta-analysis. BJS open 2023. link 22 Kokoszka J, Rzepka E, Ulatowska-Białas M, Richter P, Hubalewska-Dydejczyk A. Difficulties in the diagnosis and treatment of ruptured pheochromocytoma. Endokrynologia Polska 2023. link 23 Louis S, Selma H, Nicolas T. Pheochromocytoma-induced cardiogenic shock. Acta chirurgica Belgica 2023. link 24 Nakajo M, Horizoe Y, Kawaji K, Jinguji M, Tani A, Fukukura Y et al.. Application of . Japanese journal of radiology 2023. link 25 Parente A, Thompson JP, Crook C, Bassett P, Aspinall S, Melvin R et al.. Risk factors for postoperative hypotension after adrenalectomy for phaeochromocytoma: derivation of the PACS risk score. European journal of surgical oncology : the journal of the European Society of Surgical Oncology and the British Association of Surgical Oncology 2023. link 26 Tariel F, Dourmap C, Prudhomme T, Hascoet J, Soulie M, Moreau B et al.. Adrenalectomy for Pheochromocytoma: Complications and Predictive Factors of Intraoperative Hemodynamic Instability. The American surgeon 2023. link 27 Anyfanti P, Mastrogiannis Κ, Lazaridis Α, Tasios Κ, Vasilakou D, Kyriazidou Α et al.. Clinical presentation and diagnostic evaluation of pheochromocytoma: case series and literature review. Clinical and experimental hypertension (New York, N.Y. : 1993) 2023. link 28 Vishvak Chanthar KMM, Khanna R, Agarwal G, Rout SR, Kapoor A, Sabaretnam M et al.. Cardiac Changes and Their Reversal Following Curative Surgery in Pheochromocytoma: PheoCard Prospective Cohort Study. World journal of surgery 2023. link 29 Chen J, Jin G, Zhu Y, Hu W, He H, Wang C et al.. The importance of perioperative and complication management in the treatment of pheochromocytoma crisis with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-A ECMO): a case report and review of the literature. Perfusion 2023. link 30 Araujo-Castro M, García Sanz I, Mínguez Ojeda C, Calatayud M, Hanzu F, Mora M et al.. Differences in intraoperative and surgical outcomes between normotensive pheochromocytomas and sympathetic paragangliomas (PPGLs) and hypertensive PPGLs: results from the PHEO-RISK STUDY. Journal of endocrinological investigation 2023. link 31 Dhanasekar K, Visakan V, Tahir F, Balasubramanian SP. Composite phaeochromocytomas-a systematic review of published literature. Langenbeck's archives of surgery 2022. link 32 Ando Y, Ono Y, Sano A, Fujita N, Ono S, Tanaka Y. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of pheochromocytoma crisis: a literature review of 200 cases. Journal of endocrinological investigation 2022. link 33 Araujo-Castro M, Nattero Chavez L, Martínez Lorca A, Molina-Cerrillo J, Alonso-Gordoa T, Pascual-Corrales E. Special situations in pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas: pregnancy, metastatic disease, and cyanotic congenital heart diseases. Clinical and experimental medicine 2022. link 34 Rubalcava NS, Overman RE, Kartal TT, Bruch SW, Else T, Newman EA. Laparoscopic adrenal-sparing approach for children with bilateral pheochromocytoma in Von Hippel-Lindau disease. Journal of pediatric surgery 2022. link 35 Dhanda M, Agarwal A, Mandal K, Gupta S, Sabaretnam M, Chand G et al.. Clinical, Biochemical, Tumoural and Mutation Profile of VHL- and MEN2A-Associated Pheochromocytoma: A Comparative Study. World journal of surgery 2022. link 36 Yang L, Zhang Y, Hu Y, Yang Z. Pheochromocytoma with Takotsubo Syndrome and acute heart failure: a case report. World journal of surgical oncology 2022. link 37 Fishbein L, Del Rivero J, Else T, Howe JR, Asa SL, Cohen DL et al.. The North American Neuroendocrine Tumor Society Consensus Guidelines for Surveillance and Management of Metastatic and/or Unresectable Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma. Pancreas 2021. link 38 Garcia-Carbonero R, Matute Teresa F, Mercader-Cidoncha E, Mitjavila-Casanovas M, Robledo M, Tena I et al.. Multidisciplinary practice guidelines for the diagnosis, genetic counseling and treatment of pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas. Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico 2021. link 39 Elliott PF, Berhane T, Ragnarsson O, Falhammar H. Ectopic ACTH- and/or CRH-Producing Pheochromocytomas. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2021. link 40 Visani J, Mongardi L, Cultrera F, Bonis P, Lofrese G, Ricciardi L et al.. Surgical treatment of metastatic pheochromocytomas of the spine: a systematic review. Journal of integrative neuroscience 2021. link 41 Gruber LM, Jasim S, Ducharme-Smith A, Weingarten T, Young WF, Bancos I. The Role for Metyrosine in the Treatment of Patients With Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2021. link 42 Aktas G. Clinical Findings in Pheochromocytoma. Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP 2021. link 43 Bhagvandas J, Lin S, Foon R. Pheochromocytoma in pregnancy: a case report. The New Zealand medical journal 2021. link 44 Guo Y, You L, Hu H, Tong A, Zhang X, Yan L et al.. A Predictive Nomogram for Red Blood Cell Transfusion in Pheochromocytoma Surgery: A Study on Improving the Preoperative Management of Pheochromocytoma. Frontiers in endocrinology 2021. link 45 Thompson LDR, Gill AJ, Asa SL, Clifton-Bligh RJ, de Krijger RR, Kimura N et al.. Data set for the reporting of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma: explanations and recommendations of the guidelines from the International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting. Human pathology 2021. link 46 Yang T, Li Y, Zhang HM, Wang HY, Song YH. Resection of Cardiac Pheochromocytoma With Cardiopulmonary Bypass. The Annals of thoracic surgery 2021. link 47 Zhou J, Xuan H, Miao Y, Hu J, Dai Y. Acute cardiac complications and subclinical myocardial injuries associated with pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma. BMC cardiovascular disorders 2021. link 48 Berends AMA, Buitenwerf E, Riphagen IJ, Lenders JWM, Timmers HJLM, Kruijff S et al.. Circulating adrenomedullin and B-type natriuretic peptide do not predict blood pressure fluctuations during pheochromocytoma resection: a cross-sectional study. European journal of endocrinology 2021. link 49 Lindow T, Pahlm O, Ljungström E. Pheochromocytoma - An ECG diagnosis?. Journal of electrocardiology 2020. link 50 Tanabe A, Naruse M. Recent advances in the management of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma. Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension 2020. link 51 Sethi P, Chang GV, Gowda SN, Elnair R, Fenner R, Lamfers R. Recurrent Catecholamine-Induced Cardiomyopathy and Hypertensive Emergencies: A presentation of Pheochromocytoma and Related Concerns. South Dakota medicine : the journal of the South Dakota State Medical Association 2020. link 52 Bai S, Wu B, Yao Z, Zhu X, Jiang Y, Wang H. Development and validation of a clinical model to predict intraoperative hemodynamic instability in patients with pheochromocytomas surgery. Endocrine journal 2020. link 53 Santos JRU, Brofferio A, Viana B, Pacak K. Catecholamine-Induced Cardiomyopathy in Pheochromocytoma: How to Manage a Rare Complication in a Rare Disease?. Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme 2019. link 54 Bai S, Yao Z, Zhu X, Li Z, Jiang Y, Wang R et al.. Risk factors for postoperative cardiovascular morbidity after pheochromocytoma surgery: a large single center retrospective analysis. Endocrine journal 2019. link 55 Koizumi G, Saiki R, Kurokawa I, Mikura K, Iida T, Murai N et al.. Continuous Hemodiafiltration for Pheochromocytoma Crisis with a Positive Outcome. Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) 2019. link 56 Bouabdallaoui N, Bouchard D, Jolicoeur EM, Chronopoulos A, Garneau PY, Lamarche Y. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in pheochromocytoma-induced cardiogenic shock. Asian cardiovascular & thoracic annals 2018. link 57 Faloon S, Venkataraman H, Skordilis K, Griffiths EA, Gittoes NJ, Hassan-Smith ZK et al.. Lesson of the month 2: Blunt abdominal trauma: atypical presentation of phaeochromocytoma. Clinical medicine (London, England) 2018. link 58 Cheung VKY, Gill AJ, Chou A. Old, New, and Emerging Immunohistochemical Markers in Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma. Endocrine pathology 2018. link 59 Rostoff P, Nessler B, Pikul P, Golinska-Grzybala K, Miszalski-Jamka T, Nessler J. Fulminant adrenergic myocarditis complicated by pulmonary edema, cardiogenic shock and cardiac arrest. The American journal of emergency medicine 2018. link 60 Chaaya G, Morales J, Castiglioni A, Subhani N, Asmar A. Paraganglioma of the Urinary Bladder: A Rare Cause of Hypertension and Urinary Tract Infections. The American journal of the medical sciences 2018. link 61 Ding L, Zhu WL, Zeng ZP, Li HZ, Ji J, Fang LG et al.. Subclinical left ventricular systolic dysfunction detected by two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography in patients with pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma and preserved ejection fraction. Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, N.Y.) 2018. link 62 Zhao SH, Liang S, Luo J, Mo HD, Jiang Y, Zhang MM et al.. Heart combined with adrenal multiple pheochromocytomas. Journal of nuclear cardiology : official publication of the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology 2018. link 63 Luis-García C, Arbonés-Aran E, Teixell-Aleu C, Lorente-Poch L, Trillo-Urrutia L. Clevidipine for hypertension treatment in pheochromocytoma surgery. Revista espanola de anestesiologia y reanimacion 2018. link 64 Gieldon L, Masjkur JR, Richter S, Därr R, Lahera M, Aust D et al.. Next-generation panel sequencing identifies . European journal of endocrinology 2018. link 65 Isaacs M, Lee P. Preoperative alpha-blockade in phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma: is it always necessary?. Clinical endocrinology 2017. link 66 Li W, Ma C, Zhang L, Yu J. A pediatric pheochromocytoma presented as a multi-organ failure syndrome and brief discussion of the related medical literature. Hellenic journal of nuclear medicine 2016. link 67 Olson SW, Yoon S, Baker T, Prince LK, Oliver D, Abbott KC. Longitudinal plasma metanephrines preceding pheochromocytoma diagnosis: a retrospective case-control serum repository study. European journal of endocrinology 2016. link 68 Gaujoux S, Bonnet S, Lentschener C, Thillois JM, Duboc D, Bertherat J et al.. Preoperative risk factors of hemodynamic instability during laparoscopic adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma. Surgical endoscopy 2016. link 69 Namekawa T, Utsumi T, Kawamura K, Kamiya N, Imamoto T, Takiguchi T et al.. Clinical predictors of prolonged postresection hypotension after laparoscopic adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma. Surgery 2016. link 70 Chiang YL, Chen PC, Lee CC, Chua SK. Adrenal pheochromocytoma presenting with Takotsubo-pattern cardiomyopathy and acute heart failure: A case report and literature review. Medicine 2016. link 71 Seo M, Yamada T, Ozu K, Fukunami M. Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy for Pheochromocytoma Crisis With Multiple Organ Failure. The American journal of the medical sciences 2015. link 72 Riester A, Weismann D, Quinkler M, Lichtenauer UD, Sommerey S, Halbritter R et al.. Life-threatening events in patients with pheochromocytoma. European journal of endocrinology 2015. link 73 Kounatiadis P, Kolettas V, Megarisiotou A, Stiliadis I. Cardiomyopathy due to pheochromocytoma. Herz 2015. link 74 Cecilia GM, Emilien D, Laurent H. Acquired long QT interval complicated with Torsades de Pointes as presentation of a pheochromocytoma in a paediatric patient: a case report. Cardiology in the young 2015. link 75 Flam B, Broomé M, Frenckner B, Bränström R, Bell M. Pheochromocytoma-Induced Inverted Takotsubo-Like Cardiomyopathy Leading to Cardiogenic Shock Successfully Treated With Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation. Journal of intensive care medicine 2015. link 76 Han YJ, Ock SY, Kim EJ, Shin HS, Jung YS, Rim H. Thunderclap-like headache triggered by micturition and angina as an initial manifestation of bladder pheochromocytoma. A case report. Sao Paulo medical journal = Revista paulista de medicina 2015. link 77 Yang TH, Tsai WC. Recurrence and metastasis of pheochromocytoma mimic acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: a case report. The American journal of emergency medicine 2015. link 78 Lenders JW, Duh QY, Eisenhofer G, Gimenez-Roqueplo AP, Grebe SK, Murad MH et al.. Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2014. link 79 Mete O, Tischler AS, de Krijger R, McNicol AM, Eisenhofer G, Pacak K et al.. Protocol for the examination of specimens from patients with pheochromocytomas and extra-adrenal paragangliomas. Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine 2014. link 80 Ahmed R, Darrat Y, Hamoudeh E, Elhamdani MO, Yaqub A. Acute cardiomyopathy and multiorgan failure in a patient with pheochromocytoma and neurofibromatosis type 1. JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association 2014. link 81 Battimelli A, Polito MV, Di Maio M, Poto S, Pierro L, Caggiano D et al.. Stress-related cardiomyopathy, ventricular dysfunction, artery thrombosis: a hidden pheochromocytoma. The American journal of emergency medicine 2014. link 82 Kaku Y, Saito S, Saito H, Yamazaki K. On-pump beating resection of cardiac pheochromocytoma. Asian cardiovascular & thoracic annals 2014. link 83 Chatzizisis YS, Ziakas A, Feloukidis C, Paramythiotis D, Hadjimiltiades S, Iliadis A et al.. Pheochromocytoma crisis presenting with cardiogenic shock. Herz 2014. link 84 Beedupalli J, Akkus NI. Concealed pheochromocytoma presenting as recurrent acute coronary syndrome with STEMI : case report of a patient with hyperthyroidism. Herz 2014. link 85 Bouchard C, Chiniara G, Valcourt AC. Intraoperative hypertensive crisis secondary to an undiagnosed pheochromocytoma during orthognathic surgery: a case report. Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons 2014. link 86 Liu X, Miao Q, Zhang H, Zhang C, Cao L, Ma G et al.. Primary cardiac pheochromocytoma involving both right and left atria. The Annals of thoracic surgery 2013. link 87 Lee TW, Lin KH, Chang CJ, Lew WH, Lee TI. Pheochromocytoma mimicking both acute coronary syndrome and sepsis: a case report. Medical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre 2013. link 88 Müller G, Saint F, Hamy A, Lifante JC, Carnaille B, Sebag F et al.. Pheochromocytoma revealed by acute heart failure. When should we operate? Presented at the ESES Congress, Gothenburg May 25-26, 2012. Langenbeck's archives of surgery 2013. link 89 Anderson NE, Chung K, Willoughby E, Croxson MS. Neurological manifestations of phaeochromocytomas and secretory paragangliomas: a reappraisal. Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry 2013. link 90 Conzo G, Musella M, Corcione F, De Palma M, Ferraro F, Palazzo A et al.. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy, a safe procedure for pheochromocytoma. A retrospective review of clinical series. International journal of surgery (London, England) 2013. link 91 Shen J, Yu R. Perioperative management of pheochromocytoma: the heart of the issue. Minerva endocrinologica 2013. link 92 Gundgurthi A, Gupta S, Garg MK, Ganguly P, Bhardwaj R. Unsuspected pheochromocytoma multisystem crisis: a fatal outcome in a young male patient. The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India 2012. link 93 Li L, Zhu W, Fang L, Zeng Z, Miao Q, Zhang C et al.. Transthoracic echocardiographic features of cardiac pheochromocytoma: a single-institution experience. Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, N.Y.) 2012. link 94 Sojod G, Diana M, Wall J, D'Agostino J, Mutter D, Marescaux J. Successful extracorporeal membrane oxygenation treatment for pheochromocytoma-induced acute cardiac failure. The American journal of emergency medicine 2012. link 95 Lenders JW. Pheochromocytoma and pregnancy: a deceptive connection. European journal of endocrinology 2012. link 96 Naderi N, Amin A, Setayesh A, Pouraliakbar H, Mozaffari K, Maleki M. Pheochromocytoma-induced reverse tako-tsubo with rapid recovery of left ventricular function. Cardiology journal 2012. link 97 Mulla CM, Marik PE. Pheochromocytoma presenting as acute decompensated heart failure reversed with medical therapy. BMJ case reports 2012. link 98 Takahashi N, Shimada T, Tanabe K, Yoshitomi H, Murakami Y, Ishibashi Y et al.. Steroid-induced crisis and rhabdomyolysis in a patient with pheochromocytoma: a case report and review. International journal of cardiology 2011. link 99 Jain V, Bishnoi A, Meena K, Aggarwal V, Chadha R, Puri A et al.. Metachronous occurrence of multifocal phaeochromocytoma. Indian journal of pediatrics 2011. link 100 Verrijcken A, Sciot R, Dubois CL. From trivial headache to life-threatening disease. International journal of cardiology 2011. link

Original source

[1]
Japan Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma 2025. — Tanabe A, Katabami T, Hashimoto S, Izawa S, Ichijo T, Otsuki M et al. Endocrine journal (2026)
[2]
Computed tomography-guided radiofrequency ablation of pheochromocytomas in a small case series with von Hippel-Lindau disease: treatment safety and outcomes. — Park BK Abdominal radiology (New York) (2026)
[3]
Predictive factors and a nomogram for hemodynamic instability during operation in patients with pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas. — Qi W, Geng S, Xiang Y, Wang C, Huang H, Wu S et al. Surgical endoscopy (2026)
[4]
Objective assessment of vascular dysfunction in pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma patients and reversal following curative surgery: Results from prospective PheoCard study. — Dariya S, Ahada RS, Khanna R, Vishvak Chanthar KMM, Mayilvaganan S, Chand G et al. Surgery (2026)
[5]
Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma-18F-FDOPA vs Somatostatin Analogues. — Ebbehoj A, Iversen P, Kramer S, Stochholm K, Poulsen PL, Hjorthaug K et al. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism (2025)
[6]
Pheochromocytoma manifested as a surgical emergency. — Yiannakopoulou E European journal of surgical oncology : the journal of the European Society of Surgical Oncology and the British Association of Surgical Oncology (2025)
[7]
Integration of Three-dimensional Visualization Reconstruction Technology with Problem-Based Learning in the Clinical Training of Resident Physicians Specialized in Pheochromocytoma. — Wang D Current medical imaging (2025)
[8]
Perioperative Blood Pressure Management Recommendations in Pediatric Pheochromocytoma: A 10-Year Narrative Review. — Ambarsari CG, Nadhifah N, Lestari HI Kidney & blood pressure research (2025)
[9]
Long-Term Cardiovascular Complications in Patients With Pheochromocytomas and Paragangliomas After Surgery: A Large Multi-Center Study. — Guo N, Liu T, Zhao P, Bai S Clinical endocrinology (2025)
[10]
Quick action required: revealing pheochromocytoma as the hidden trigger behind postoperative hypertensive crisis. — Calçada A, Costa V, Lêdo L, Freire P Journal of hypertension (2025)
[11]
Prolonged alpha-blockade and doxazosin are associated with hypertensive crisis in pheochromocytoma surgery. — Zawadzka K, Pisarska-Adamczyk M, Hubalewska-Dydejczyk A, Pędziwiatr M Frontiers in endocrinology (2025)
[12]
Pheochromocytoma in von Hippel-Lindau Disease: Clinical Features and Comparison With Sporadic Pheochromocytoma. — Li T, Cui Y, Zhou Y, Zhou T, Chen S, Lu L et al. Clinical endocrinology (2025)
[13]
Case report: From metabolic instability to remission: a case of pheochromocytoma presenting as atypical diabetes. — Cao C, Xue P, Yang X, Huang F, Xie Y, Zhou Z Frontiers in endocrinology (2025)
[14]
Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma at a children's hospital in Argentina. A case series. — Deregibus MI, Pompozzi LA, Sansó G Archivos argentinos de pediatria (2024)
[15]
Cardiovascular Complications in Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma: Does Phenotype Matter? — Petrák O, Krátká Z, Holaj R, Zítek M, Nguyen Nikrýnová T, Klímová J et al. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) (2024)
[16]
Outcomes of systemic treatment according to germline mutational status in patients with metastatic pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma. — Park YG, Park I, Kim Y, Lee HS, Lee W, Yoon S et al. Clinical genitourinary cancer (2024)
[17]
Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in pheochromocytoma - paraganglioma: A single center experience. — Memon SS, Srivastava P, Karlekar M, Thakkar H, Bandgar T Journal of postgraduate medicine (2024)
[18]
Risk factors for intraoperative hypertensive crisis in patients with pheochromocytomas and sympathetic paragangliomas. — Araujo-Castro M, García Sanz I, Mínguez Ojeda C, Hanzu F, Mora M, Vicente A et al. Journal of hypertension (2024)
[19]
Pheochromocytoma leading to Takotsubo and Ogilvie syndrome, a pathophysiological triad. — Manhaeghe L, Goethals AM, Van Aerde N, Frederiks P, Sinnaeve P, Janssens S et al. Acta cardiologica (2024)
[20]
Pheochromocytoma-induced congestive heart failure and hypertension in a 21- year-old man-a Case Report. — Chen S, Chen Y, Chen P JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association (2024)
[21]
Total adrenalectomy versus subtotal adrenalectomy for bilateral pheochromocytoma: meta-analysis. — Schiavone D, Ballo M, Filardo M, Dughiero S, Torresan F, Rossi GP et al. BJS open (2023)
[22]
Difficulties in the diagnosis and treatment of ruptured pheochromocytoma. — Kokoszka J, Rzepka E, Ulatowska-Białas M, Richter P, Hubalewska-Dydejczyk A Endokrynologia Polska (2023)
[23]
Pheochromocytoma-induced cardiogenic shock. — Louis S, Selma H, Nicolas T Acta chirurgica Belgica (2023)
[24]
Application of — Nakajo M, Horizoe Y, Kawaji K, Jinguji M, Tani A, Fukukura Y et al. Japanese journal of radiology (2023)
[25]
Risk factors for postoperative hypotension after adrenalectomy for phaeochromocytoma: derivation of the PACS risk score. — Parente A, Thompson JP, Crook C, Bassett P, Aspinall S, Melvin R et al. European journal of surgical oncology : the journal of the European Society of Surgical Oncology and the British Association of Surgical Oncology (2023)
[26]
Adrenalectomy for Pheochromocytoma: Complications and Predictive Factors of Intraoperative Hemodynamic Instability. — Tariel F, Dourmap C, Prudhomme T, Hascoet J, Soulie M, Moreau B et al. The American surgeon (2023)
[27]
Clinical presentation and diagnostic evaluation of pheochromocytoma: case series and literature review. — Anyfanti P, Mastrogiannis Κ, Lazaridis Α, Tasios Κ, Vasilakou D, Kyriazidou Α et al. Clinical and experimental hypertension (New York, N.Y. : 1993) (2023)
[28]
Cardiac Changes and Their Reversal Following Curative Surgery in Pheochromocytoma: PheoCard Prospective Cohort Study. — Vishvak Chanthar KMM, Khanna R, Agarwal G, Rout SR, Kapoor A, Sabaretnam M et al. World journal of surgery (2023)
[29]
The importance of perioperative and complication management in the treatment of pheochromocytoma crisis with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-A ECMO): a case report and review of the literature. — Chen J, Jin G, Zhu Y, Hu W, He H, Wang C et al. Perfusion (2023)
[30]
Differences in intraoperative and surgical outcomes between normotensive pheochromocytomas and sympathetic paragangliomas (PPGLs) and hypertensive PPGLs: results from the PHEO-RISK STUDY. — Araujo-Castro M, García Sanz I, Mínguez Ojeda C, Calatayud M, Hanzu F, Mora M et al. Journal of endocrinological investigation (2023)
[31]
Composite phaeochromocytomas-a systematic review of published literature. — Dhanasekar K, Visakan V, Tahir F, Balasubramanian SP Langenbeck's archives of surgery (2022)
[32]
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of pheochromocytoma crisis: a literature review of 200 cases. — Ando Y, Ono Y, Sano A, Fujita N, Ono S, Tanaka Y Journal of endocrinological investigation (2022)
[33]
Special situations in pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas: pregnancy, metastatic disease, and cyanotic congenital heart diseases. — Araujo-Castro M, Nattero Chavez L, Martínez Lorca A, Molina-Cerrillo J, Alonso-Gordoa T, Pascual-Corrales E Clinical and experimental medicine (2022)
[34]
Laparoscopic adrenal-sparing approach for children with bilateral pheochromocytoma in Von Hippel-Lindau disease. — Rubalcava NS, Overman RE, Kartal TT, Bruch SW, Else T, Newman EA Journal of pediatric surgery (2022)
[35]
Clinical, Biochemical, Tumoural and Mutation Profile of VHL- and MEN2A-Associated Pheochromocytoma: A Comparative Study. — Dhanda M, Agarwal A, Mandal K, Gupta S, Sabaretnam M, Chand G et al. World journal of surgery (2022)
[36]
Pheochromocytoma with Takotsubo Syndrome and acute heart failure: a case report. — Yang L, Zhang Y, Hu Y, Yang Z World journal of surgical oncology (2022)
[37]
The North American Neuroendocrine Tumor Society Consensus Guidelines for Surveillance and Management of Metastatic and/or Unresectable Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma. — Fishbein L, Del Rivero J, Else T, Howe JR, Asa SL, Cohen DL et al. Pancreas (2021)
[38]
Multidisciplinary practice guidelines for the diagnosis, genetic counseling and treatment of pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas. — Garcia-Carbonero R, Matute Teresa F, Mercader-Cidoncha E, Mitjavila-Casanovas M, Robledo M, Tena I et al. Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico (2021)
[39]
Ectopic ACTH- and/or CRH-Producing Pheochromocytomas. — Elliott PF, Berhane T, Ragnarsson O, Falhammar H The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism (2021)
[40]
Surgical treatment of metastatic pheochromocytomas of the spine: a systematic review. — Visani J, Mongardi L, Cultrera F, Bonis P, Lofrese G, Ricciardi L et al. Journal of integrative neuroscience (2021)
[41]
The Role for Metyrosine in the Treatment of Patients With Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma. — Gruber LM, Jasim S, Ducharme-Smith A, Weingarten T, Young WF, Bancos I The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism (2021)
[42]
Clinical Findings in Pheochromocytoma. — Aktas G Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP (2021)
[43]
Pheochromocytoma in pregnancy: a case report. — Bhagvandas J, Lin S, Foon R The New Zealand medical journal (2021)
[44]
A Predictive Nomogram for Red Blood Cell Transfusion in Pheochromocytoma Surgery: A Study on Improving the Preoperative Management of Pheochromocytoma. — Guo Y, You L, Hu H, Tong A, Zhang X, Yan L et al. Frontiers in endocrinology (2021)
[45]
Data set for the reporting of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma: explanations and recommendations of the guidelines from the International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting. — Thompson LDR, Gill AJ, Asa SL, Clifton-Bligh RJ, de Krijger RR, Kimura N et al. Human pathology (2021)
[46]
Resection of Cardiac Pheochromocytoma With Cardiopulmonary Bypass. — Yang T, Li Y, Zhang HM, Wang HY, Song YH The Annals of thoracic surgery (2021)
[47]
Acute cardiac complications and subclinical myocardial injuries associated with pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma. — Zhou J, Xuan H, Miao Y, Hu J, Dai Y BMC cardiovascular disorders (2021)
[48]
Circulating adrenomedullin and B-type natriuretic peptide do not predict blood pressure fluctuations during pheochromocytoma resection: a cross-sectional study. — Berends AMA, Buitenwerf E, Riphagen IJ, Lenders JWM, Timmers HJLM, Kruijff S et al. European journal of endocrinology (2021)
[49]
Pheochromocytoma - An ECG diagnosis? — Lindow T, Pahlm O, Ljungström E Journal of electrocardiology (2020)
[50]
Recent advances in the management of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma. — Tanabe A, Naruse M Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension (2020)
[51]
Recurrent Catecholamine-Induced Cardiomyopathy and Hypertensive Emergencies: A presentation of Pheochromocytoma and Related Concerns. — Sethi P, Chang GV, Gowda SN, Elnair R, Fenner R, Lamfers R South Dakota medicine : the journal of the South Dakota State Medical Association (2020)
[52]
Development and validation of a clinical model to predict intraoperative hemodynamic instability in patients with pheochromocytomas surgery. — Bai S, Wu B, Yao Z, Zhu X, Jiang Y, Wang H Endocrine journal (2020)
[53]
Catecholamine-Induced Cardiomyopathy in Pheochromocytoma: How to Manage a Rare Complication in a Rare Disease? — Santos JRU, Brofferio A, Viana B, Pacak K Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme (2019)
[54]
Risk factors for postoperative cardiovascular morbidity after pheochromocytoma surgery: a large single center retrospective analysis. — Bai S, Yao Z, Zhu X, Li Z, Jiang Y, Wang R et al. Endocrine journal (2019)
[55]
Continuous Hemodiafiltration for Pheochromocytoma Crisis with a Positive Outcome. — Koizumi G, Saiki R, Kurokawa I, Mikura K, Iida T, Murai N et al. Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) (2019)
[56]
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in pheochromocytoma-induced cardiogenic shock. — Bouabdallaoui N, Bouchard D, Jolicoeur EM, Chronopoulos A, Garneau PY, Lamarche Y Asian cardiovascular & thoracic annals (2018)
[57]
Lesson of the month 2: Blunt abdominal trauma: atypical presentation of phaeochromocytoma. — Faloon S, Venkataraman H, Skordilis K, Griffiths EA, Gittoes NJ, Hassan-Smith ZK et al. Clinical medicine (London, England) (2018)
[58]
Old, New, and Emerging Immunohistochemical Markers in Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma. — Cheung VKY, Gill AJ, Chou A Endocrine pathology (2018)
[59]
Fulminant adrenergic myocarditis complicated by pulmonary edema, cardiogenic shock and cardiac arrest. — Rostoff P, Nessler B, Pikul P, Golinska-Grzybala K, Miszalski-Jamka T, Nessler J The American journal of emergency medicine (2018)
[60]
Paraganglioma of the Urinary Bladder: A Rare Cause of Hypertension and Urinary Tract Infections. — Chaaya G, Morales J, Castiglioni A, Subhani N, Asmar A The American journal of the medical sciences (2018)
[61]
Subclinical left ventricular systolic dysfunction detected by two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography in patients with pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma and preserved ejection fraction. — Ding L, Zhu WL, Zeng ZP, Li HZ, Ji J, Fang LG et al. Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, N.Y.) (2018)
[62]
Heart combined with adrenal multiple pheochromocytomas. — Zhao SH, Liang S, Luo J, Mo HD, Jiang Y, Zhang MM et al. Journal of nuclear cardiology : official publication of the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology (2018)
[63]
Clevidipine for hypertension treatment in pheochromocytoma surgery. — Luis-García C, Arbonés-Aran E, Teixell-Aleu C, Lorente-Poch L, Trillo-Urrutia L Revista espanola de anestesiologia y reanimacion (2018)
[64]
Next-generation panel sequencing identifies — Gieldon L, Masjkur JR, Richter S, Därr R, Lahera M, Aust D et al. European journal of endocrinology (2018)
[65]
Preoperative alpha-blockade in phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma: is it always necessary? — Isaacs M, Lee P Clinical endocrinology (2017)
[66]
A pediatric pheochromocytoma presented as a multi-organ failure syndrome and brief discussion of the related medical literature. — Li W, Ma C, Zhang L, Yu J Hellenic journal of nuclear medicine (2016)
[67]
Longitudinal plasma metanephrines preceding pheochromocytoma diagnosis: a retrospective case-control serum repository study. — Olson SW, Yoon S, Baker T, Prince LK, Oliver D, Abbott KC European journal of endocrinology (2016)
[68]
Preoperative risk factors of hemodynamic instability during laparoscopic adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma. — Gaujoux S, Bonnet S, Lentschener C, Thillois JM, Duboc D, Bertherat J et al. Surgical endoscopy (2016)
[69]
Clinical predictors of prolonged postresection hypotension after laparoscopic adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma. — Namekawa T, Utsumi T, Kawamura K, Kamiya N, Imamoto T, Takiguchi T et al. Surgery (2016)
[70]
Adrenal pheochromocytoma presenting with Takotsubo-pattern cardiomyopathy and acute heart failure: A case report and literature review. — Chiang YL, Chen PC, Lee CC, Chua SK Medicine (2016)
[71]
Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy for Pheochromocytoma Crisis With Multiple Organ Failure. — Seo M, Yamada T, Ozu K, Fukunami M The American journal of the medical sciences (2015)
[72]
Life-threatening events in patients with pheochromocytoma. — Riester A, Weismann D, Quinkler M, Lichtenauer UD, Sommerey S, Halbritter R et al. European journal of endocrinology (2015)
[73]
Cardiomyopathy due to pheochromocytoma. — Kounatiadis P, Kolettas V, Megarisiotou A, Stiliadis I Herz (2015)
[74]
Acquired long QT interval complicated with Torsades de Pointes as presentation of a pheochromocytoma in a paediatric patient: a case report. — Cecilia GM, Emilien D, Laurent H Cardiology in the young (2015)
[75]
Pheochromocytoma-Induced Inverted Takotsubo-Like Cardiomyopathy Leading to Cardiogenic Shock Successfully Treated With Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation. — Flam B, Broomé M, Frenckner B, Bränström R, Bell M Journal of intensive care medicine (2015)
[76]
Thunderclap-like headache triggered by micturition and angina as an initial manifestation of bladder pheochromocytoma. A case report. — Han YJ, Ock SY, Kim EJ, Shin HS, Jung YS, Rim H Sao Paulo medical journal = Revista paulista de medicina (2015)
[77]
Recurrence and metastasis of pheochromocytoma mimic acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: a case report. — Yang TH, Tsai WC The American journal of emergency medicine (2015)
[78]
Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline. — Lenders JW, Duh QY, Eisenhofer G, Gimenez-Roqueplo AP, Grebe SK, Murad MH et al. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism (2014)
[79]
Protocol for the examination of specimens from patients with pheochromocytomas and extra-adrenal paragangliomas. — Mete O, Tischler AS, de Krijger R, McNicol AM, Eisenhofer G, Pacak K et al. Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine (2014)
[80]
Acute cardiomyopathy and multiorgan failure in a patient with pheochromocytoma and neurofibromatosis type 1. — Ahmed R, Darrat Y, Hamoudeh E, Elhamdani MO, Yaqub A JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association (2014)
[81]
Stress-related cardiomyopathy, ventricular dysfunction, artery thrombosis: a hidden pheochromocytoma. — Battimelli A, Polito MV, Di Maio M, Poto S, Pierro L, Caggiano D et al. The American journal of emergency medicine (2014)
[82]
On-pump beating resection of cardiac pheochromocytoma. — Kaku Y, Saito S, Saito H, Yamazaki K Asian cardiovascular & thoracic annals (2014)
[83]
Pheochromocytoma crisis presenting with cardiogenic shock. — Chatzizisis YS, Ziakas A, Feloukidis C, Paramythiotis D, Hadjimiltiades S, Iliadis A et al. Herz (2014)
[84]
Concealed pheochromocytoma presenting as recurrent acute coronary syndrome with STEMI : case report of a patient with hyperthyroidism. — Beedupalli J, Akkus NI Herz (2014)
[85]
Intraoperative hypertensive crisis secondary to an undiagnosed pheochromocytoma during orthognathic surgery: a case report. — Bouchard C, Chiniara G, Valcourt AC Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (2014)
[86]
Primary cardiac pheochromocytoma involving both right and left atria. — Liu X, Miao Q, Zhang H, Zhang C, Cao L, Ma G et al. The Annals of thoracic surgery (2013)
[87]
Pheochromocytoma mimicking both acute coronary syndrome and sepsis: a case report. — Lee TW, Lin KH, Chang CJ, Lew WH, Lee TI Medical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre (2013)
[88]
Pheochromocytoma revealed by acute heart failure. When should we operate? Presented at the ESES Congress, Gothenburg May 25-26, 2012. — Müller G, Saint F, Hamy A, Lifante JC, Carnaille B, Sebag F et al. Langenbeck's archives of surgery (2013)
[89]
Neurological manifestations of phaeochromocytomas and secretory paragangliomas: a reappraisal. — Anderson NE, Chung K, Willoughby E, Croxson MS Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry (2013)
[90]
Laparoscopic adrenalectomy, a safe procedure for pheochromocytoma. A retrospective review of clinical series. — Conzo G, Musella M, Corcione F, De Palma M, Ferraro F, Palazzo A et al. International journal of surgery (London, England) (2013)
[91]
Perioperative management of pheochromocytoma: the heart of the issue. — Shen J, Yu R Minerva endocrinologica (2013)
[92]
Unsuspected pheochromocytoma multisystem crisis: a fatal outcome in a young male patient. — Gundgurthi A, Gupta S, Garg MK, Ganguly P, Bhardwaj R The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India (2012)
[93]
Transthoracic echocardiographic features of cardiac pheochromocytoma: a single-institution experience. — Li L, Zhu W, Fang L, Zeng Z, Miao Q, Zhang C et al. Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, N.Y.) (2012)
[94]
Successful extracorporeal membrane oxygenation treatment for pheochromocytoma-induced acute cardiac failure. — Sojod G, Diana M, Wall J, D'Agostino J, Mutter D, Marescaux J The American journal of emergency medicine (2012)
[95]
Pheochromocytoma and pregnancy: a deceptive connection. — Lenders JW European journal of endocrinology (2012)
[96]
Pheochromocytoma-induced reverse tako-tsubo with rapid recovery of left ventricular function. — Naderi N, Amin A, Setayesh A, Pouraliakbar H, Mozaffari K, Maleki M Cardiology journal (2012)
[97]
Pheochromocytoma presenting as acute decompensated heart failure reversed with medical therapy. — Mulla CM, Marik PE BMJ case reports (2012)
[98]
Steroid-induced crisis and rhabdomyolysis in a patient with pheochromocytoma: a case report and review. — Takahashi N, Shimada T, Tanabe K, Yoshitomi H, Murakami Y, Ishibashi Y et al. International journal of cardiology (2011)
[99]
Metachronous occurrence of multifocal phaeochromocytoma. — Jain V, Bishnoi A, Meena K, Aggarwal V, Chadha R, Puri A et al. Indian journal of pediatrics (2011)
[100]
From trivial headache to life-threatening disease. — Verrijcken A, Sciot R, Dubois CL International journal of cardiology (2011)

Share:Twitter Reddit LinkedIn