Overview
Mycobacteriosis encompasses infections caused by mycobacteria other than Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. leprae, affecting various hosts including humans, birds, and flamingos, with clinical presentations varying based on the species and host immune status 2356.Diagnosis
Microbiological Methods: Culture and PCR for identification of mycobacteria species 3.
Clinical Criteria: Use of American Thoracic Society diagnostic criteria for pulmonary samples to assess clinical relevance 4.
Histopathology: Examination of granulomatous lesions, especially post-invasive procedures 3.
Epidemiological Context: Consider underlying conditions like immunosuppression, chronic pulmonary diseases, and recent invasive procedures 23.Management
First-Line Treatments: Specific antibiotic regimens vary by species; for Mycobacterium chelonae, combination therapy with three antibiotics is effective 3.
Adjunctive Treatments: No specific adjunctive treatments highlighted across abstracts; focus on targeted antibiotic therapy 23.
Monitoring: Susceptibility testing essential for guiding antibiotic therapy 2.Special Populations
Immunocompetent Individuals: Susceptible to atypical mycobacteriosis post-procedures, requiring thorough diagnostic workup 3.
Children and HIV-Infected Individuals: Specific diagnostic and treatment guidelines exist but not detailed in provided abstracts 2.Key Recommendations
Utilize microbiological methods including culture and PCR for accurate identification of mycobacteria species in suspected cases (Evidence: Moderate 3).
Apply American Thoracic Society diagnostic criteria rigorously to differentiate clinically relevant from incidental isolations of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (Evidence: Moderate 4).
Initiate targeted combination antibiotic therapy based on susceptibility testing for effective management of atypical mycobacterioses like M. chelonae infections (Evidence: Weak 3).References
1 DePaolo C. Sir Marc Armand Ruffer, MD: The early years, 1878-1896. Journal of medical biography 2021. link
2 Schoenfeld N, Haas W, Richter E, Bauer T, Boes L, Castell S et al.. Recommendations of the German Central Committee against Tuberculosis (DZK) and the German Respiratory Society (DGP) for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Non-tuberculous Mycobacterioses. Pneumologie (Stuttgart, Germany) 2016. link
3 Murback ND, Higa Júnior MG, Pompílio MA, Cury ES, Hans Filho G, Takita LC. Disseminated cutaneous atypical mycobacteriosis by M. chelonae after sclerotherapy of varicose veins in a immunocompetent patient: a case report. Anais brasileiros de dermatologia 2015. link
4 van Ingen J, Boeree MJ, Dekhuijzen PN, van Soolingen D. Clinical relevance of Mycobacterium simiae in pulmonary samples. The European respiratory journal 2008. link
5 Riddell C, Atkinson DR. Two cases of mycobacteriosis in psittacine birds. The Canadian veterinary journal = La revue veterinaire canadienne 1981. link
6 Sileo L, Grootenhuis JG, Tuite CH, Hopcraft JB. Mycobacteriosis in the lesser flamingos of Lake Nakuru, Kenya. Journal of wildlife diseases 1979. link