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Cardiology1989 papers

Systemic sclerosis

Last edited: 4/23/2026

Overview

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by fibrosis of the skin and internal organs, leading to significant morbidity and mortality, particularly from cardiopulmonary complications 1 30.

Diagnosis

Key Diagnostic Criteria: Skin thickening, presence of autoantibodies (e.g., anti-Scl-70, anti-centromere), nailfold capillaroscopy abnormalities 1 3 30.

Recommended Tests:

- Nailfold videocapillaroscopy for microvascular changes 11 70. - Echocardiography for cardiac involvement 12 31. - Pulmonary function tests for lung involvement 1 30.

Grading:

- Limited vs. diffuse cutaneous SSc based on extent of skin involvement 30. - Cardiac involvement assessed using echocardiography and biomarkers 3 31.

Management

First-Line Treatments:

- Immunosuppressive agents: Cyclophosphamide, mycophenolate mofetil 2 15. - Vasodilators: Calcium channel blockers (e.g., nifedipine) for Raynaud's phenomenon 2 1.

Adjunctive Treatments:

- Endothelin receptor antagonists (e.g., bosentan) for pulmonary arterial hypertension 1 30. - Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (e.g., sildenafil) for pulmonary hypertension 1 30. - Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors for heart failure risk reduction 4.

Specific Conditions:

- Digital ulcers: Local wound care, vasodilators, and sometimes prostacyclin analogs 17 64. - Scleroderma renal crisis: High-dose corticosteroids, ACE inhibitors, and sometimes dialysis 50 71.

Special Populations

Pregnancy: Limited data; close monitoring required due to increased cardiovascular risk 33.

Pediatrics: Juvenile systemic sclerosis presents unique challenges; nailfold videocapillaroscopy useful 24.

Elderly: Elderly-onset SSc defines a distinct clinical subset with unique prognostic implications 19.

Comorbidities: Increased risk of type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and gastrointestinal bleeding (e.g., GAVE) 16 13 8.

Key Recommendations

Use nailfold capillaroscopy for early detection and monitoring of microvascular changes (Evidence: Strong 11 70).

Implement echocardiography to assess cardiac involvement and risk stratification (Evidence: Strong 12 31).

Consider immunosuppressive therapy (e.g., mycophenolate mofetil) for active disease and organ involvement (Evidence: Moderate 2 15).

Manage Raynaud's phenomenon with calcium channel blockers and consider endothelin receptor antagonists for pulmonary hypertension (Evidence: Moderate 1 30).

Monitor and manage cardiovascular risk factors, including the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors in appropriate patients (Evidence: Moderate 4).

Regularly screen for comorbidities such as type II diabetes and gastrointestinal bleeding (Evidence: Moderate 16 13).

Tailor management strategies for elderly patients recognizing the distinct clinical phenotype (Evidence: Expert opinion 19).

References

Showing 100 most recent of 793 indexed papers.

1 Gaudio D, Piscione M, Pala B, De Mitri S, Romaniello A. TAPSE/sPAP Ratio in Systemic Sclerosis: Evidence From Pulmonary Hypertension and Implications for Early Risk Stratification-A Systematic Review. Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, N.Y.) 2026. link 2 Gowda SK, Priyadarshan B, Behera B, Thakur V. Nifedipine and mycophenolate mofetil-induced gingival hyperplasia in a patient with systemic sclerosis: Role of concomitant therapy and pharmacovigilance aspects. The International journal of risk & safety in medicine 2026. link 3 Ross L, Burns AT, La Gerche A, Hansen D, Coghlan JG, Stevens W et al.. Scleroderma clinical trials consortium classification criteria for systemic sclerosis heart involvement. Rheumatology (Oxford, England) 2026. link 4 Augusto SN, Kaelber DC, Chatterjee S, Tang WHW. Sodium Glucose Co-Transporter-2 inhibitors in patients with systemic sclerosis with or without heart failure. The American journal of medicine 2026. link 5 Huang J, Yang L, Xie B, Lu X, Shen F, Zheng X et al.. Predictive modeling of cardiovascular risk in systemic sclerosis: a single-center retrospective study integrating clinical and imaging data. Clinical rheumatology 2026. link 6 Schulz N, Hermann W, Müller-Ladner U, Lange U, Klemm P. Carbon dioxide vs. warm-water hand baths in systemic sclerosis with secondary Raynaud's syndrome - A capillaroscopy centered randomized controlled trial. Microvascular research 2026. link 7 Valera-Ribera C, Alegre-Sancho JJ, González-Gay MÁ, Lacasa-Molina J, Taberner-Cortés A, Robustillo-Villarino M et al.. Nailfold capillaroscopy improves cardiovascular risk stratification in SSc: an adjustment of the SCORE2 algorithm. Rheumatology (Oxford, England) 2026. link 8 Hermosillo-Villafranca JA, Rodarte-Gallegos MJ. Prevalence of comorbidities and medication use in progressive systemic sclerosis in northeast Mexico. Reumatologia clinica 2026. link 9 Parmanne P, Kuuliala A, Häme A, Luosujärvi R, Leirisalo-Repo M, Kuuliala K. Signalling profile of circulating leucocytes of subjects with Raynaud's phenomenon in relation to systemic sclerosis: a pilot study. Scandinavian journal of rheumatology 2026. link 10 Kim JS, Wallwork RS, Richardson CL, Woods A, Mukherjee M, Hsu S et al.. Identification of Risk Factors for Incident Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction and Predictors of Cardiac Recovery in Patients With Systemic Sclerosis. Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) 2026. link 11 Binda M, Moccaldi B, Tirelli F, Sanetti V, Cuberli A, Benini A et al.. Nailfold videocapillaroscopy in the assessment of juvenile connective tissue diseases. Clinical and experimental rheumatology 2026. link 12 Zhang Z, Shi Y, Liu Y, Cao Y, Zhang X, Duan S. Echocardiographic Evaluation of Global Cardiac Function in Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: An Integrated Review of Parameters and Techniques. Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, N.Y.) 2026. link 13 Matsushita T, Nakao M, Kudo K, Nishio J, Fujii K, Horii M et al.. GAVE in Systemic Sclerosis: A Japanese Cohort Study Highlighting Links to Diffuse Cutaneous Subtype and Anti-RNAPIII Antibodies. The Journal of dermatology 2026. link 14 Hagog Natour H, Asaly A, Elgardt I, Natour A, Levy Y. Comparative Analysis of Clinical Features and Autoantibody Profiles in Systemic Sclerosis Patients Among Jewish and Arab Populations in Israel. The Israel Medical Association journal : IMAJ 2026. link 15 Del Galdo F, Lescoat A, Conaghan PG, Bertoldo E, Čolić J, Santiago T et al.. EULAR recommendations for the treatment of systemic sclerosis: 2023 update. Annals of the rheumatic diseases 2025. link 16 Liakouli V, Forte G, Ruscitti P, Navarini L, Bellisai F, Caso F et al.. Type II diabetes in systemic sclerosis patients: insights from an observational, multicenter study of GIRRCS (Gruppo Italiano di Ricerca in Reumatologia Clinica e Sperimentale). Arthritis research & therapy 2025. link 17 Orlandi M, De Luca G, Ferri C, Spinella A, Lumetti F, Costantini RC et al.. Prevalence and clinical relevance of digital ulcers in systemic sclerosis patients from the real-life: the experience of the SPRING Registry of the Italian Society for Rheumatology. Clinical rheumatology 2025. link 18 Erez Y, Kenar Artın G, Yarkan Tugsal H, Sen G, Onen F, Birlik M. Factors associated with diagnostic delay and specialty consultation patterns in systemic sclerosis: A cross-sectional study. Rheumatology international 2025. link 19 Tonutti A, Motta F, Bajocchi G, Bellando-Randone S, Bruni C, Orlandi M et al.. Elderly-onset systemic sclerosis defines a distinct clinical subset: analysis from the SPRING registry of the Italian Society for Rheumatology. Journal of autoimmunity 2025. link 20 Karaja S, Al-Shami K, Qatza A, Faour O. Ophthalmology education and systemic disease integration in Syrian medical schools: a cross-sectional assessment of knowledge gaps. Scientific reports 2025. link 21 Shima Y, Watanabe A, Inoue N, Maruyama T, Kunitomo E, Matsushima Y et al.. Increased angiopoietin-1 improves nailfold capillary morphology in patients with systemic sclerosis. Microvascular research 2025. link 22 Lui JK, Cozzolino M, Winburn M, Trojanowski MA, Soylemez Wiener R, LaValley MP et al.. Clustering regional patterns of left ventricular longitudinal strain in systemic sclerosis-related pulmonary hypertension. International journal of cardiology 2025. link 23 Colalillo A, Pellicano C, Ananyeva LP, Hachulla E, Cuomo G, Györfi AH et al.. Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion/Systolic Pulmonary Artery Pressure Ratio and Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 2 in the Systemic Sclerosis EUSTAR Cohort. Arthritis care & research 2025. link 24 Di Pasquale G, Caione N, Di Berardino A, Di Donato G. Pulmonary manifestations of juvenile vs. adult systemic sclerosis: insights into pathophysiological and clinical features. Pediatric pulmonology 2025. link 25 Lee SJV, Goh YQ, Rojas-Carabali W, Cifuentes-González C, Cheung CY, Arora A et al.. Association between retinal vessels caliber and systemic health: A comprehensive review. Survey of ophthalmology 2025. link 26 Luo Y, Hanuska D, Xu J, Salvatore MM, Bernstein EJ. Quantification of coronary artery calcification in systemic sclerosis using visual ordinal and deep learning scoring: Association with systemic sclerosis clinical features. Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism 2025. link 27 Anilkumar A, Wells M, Domsic RT, Hummers LK, Shah AA, Pauling JD. The pathogenesis, diagnostic utility and clinical relevance of cutaneous telangiectasia in systemic sclerosis. Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism 2025. link 28 Chalian H, Askarinejad A, Salmanipour A, Jolfayi AG, Bedayat A, Ordovas K et al.. The Role of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Parameters in Prognostication of Systemic Sclerosis in Patients with Cardiac Involvement: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Academic radiology 2025. link 29 Bacich D, Tessari C, Andreis M, Geatti V, Cattapan I, Pradegan N et al.. Heart transplantation in juvenile-onset systemic sclerosis with primary cardiac involvement: report of two cases and comprehensive literature review. Current problems in cardiology 2025. link 30 Kerrigan WJ, Church AC, Herrick AL. Systemic Sclerosis-Recent Advances in Diagnosis and Management. British journal of hospital medicine (London, England : 2005) 2025. link 31 Gami A, Jani VP, Mombeini H, Osgueritchian R, Cubero Salazar IM, Kauffman M et al.. Prognostic Value of Echocardiographic Coupling Metrics in Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Pulmonary Vascular Disease. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography 2025. link 32 Bixio R, Mastropaolo F, Appoloni M, Bertelle D, Bertoldo E, Morciano A et al.. Barnidipine as a potential alternative treatment for Raynaud's phenomenon secondary to systemic sclerosis: a retrospective pilot study. Clinical rheumatology 2025. link 33 Lammi MR, Kolstad KD, Saketkoo LA, Khatri A, Utz PJ, Steen VD et al.. Endothelial Biomarkers of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Pulmonary Hypertension. Arthritis care & research 2025. link 34 Huo X, Huang X, Yang Y, Wei C, Meng D, Huang R et al.. Preliminary nomogram model for predicting irreversible organ damage of patients with systemic sclerosis. Rheumatology (Oxford, England) 2025. link 35 Tonutti A, Motta F, De Angelis R, Cipolletta E, Ferri C, Bajocchi G et al.. First-line diagnostic tests to intercept primary heart involvement in systemic sclerosis: Clinical associations from the SPRING-SIR registry. European journal of clinical investigation 2025. link 36 Bairkdar M, Faxén J, Arkema EV, Andersson DC, Holmqvist M. Risk of ischaemic and non-ischaemic heart failure in patients with systemic sclerosis: a population-based study. Rheumatology (Oxford, England) 2025. link 37 Györfi AH, Filla T, Polzin A, Tascilar K, Buch M, Tröbs M et al.. Evaluation of Systemic Sclerosis Primary Heart Involvement and Chronic Heart Failure in the European Scleroderma Trials and Research Cohort. Journal of the American Heart Association 2025. link 38 Yuasa N, Harada T, Kagami K, Sorimachi H, Saito Y, Naito A et al.. Role of exercise stress echocardiography in systemic sclerosis: pathophysiological and prognostic significance of the systemic sclerosis with a heart failure and preserved ejection fraction phenotype. European heart journal. Cardiovascular Imaging 2025. link 39 Pellicano C, D'Ippolito G, Villa A, Martellucci O, Basile U, Carnazzo V et al.. Assessment of Cardiorenal Involvement in Systemic Sclerosis Patients. Biomolecules 2025. link 40 Ghribi M, Mekki S, Triki F, Bahloul Z, Marzouk S. Constrictive, calcific pericarditis in a systemic sclerosis patient. Vascular diseases (Paris, France) 2025. link 41 Allanore Y, Khanna D, Smith V, Aringer M, Hoffmann-Vold AM, Kuwana M et al.. Effects of nintedanib in patients with limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis and interstitial lung disease. Rheumatology (Oxford, England) 2024. link 42 Denton CP, De Lorenzis E, Roblin E, Goldman N, Alcacer-Pitarch B, Blamont E et al.. The 2024 British Society for Rheumatology guideline for management of systemic sclerosis. Rheumatology (Oxford, England) 2024. link 43 Kayser C, de Oliveira Delgado SM, Zimmermann AF, Horimoto AMC, Del Rio APT, de Souza Müller C et al.. 2023 Brazilian Society of Rheumatology guidelines for the treatment of systemic sclerosis. Advances in rheumatology (London, England) 2024. link 44 Denton CP, De Lorenzis E, Roblin E, Goldman N, Alcacer-Pitarch B, Blamont E et al.. The 2024 British Society for Rheumatology guideline for management of systemic sclerosis-executive summary. Rheumatology (Oxford, England) 2024. link 45 Santiago T, Duarte AC, Sepriano A, Castro A, Rosa B, Resende C et al.. Portuguese Recommendations for the management of Raynaud's phenomenon and digital ulcers in systemic sclerosis and other connective tissue diseases. ARP rheumatology 2024. link 46 Steen VD, Medsger TA. Gerald P Rodnan. Rheumatic diseases clinics of North America 2024. link 47 Silver RM. E Carwile LeRoy, MD. Rheumatic diseases clinics of North America 2024. link 48 Kortelainen S, Käyrä M, Hurme S, Paltta J, Pirilä L, Huhtakangas J. Systemic sclerosis: changes in the incidence rates in the Finnish population during the years 1999-2018. Scandinavian journal of rheumatology 2024. link 49 Bass RD, Moore DF, Steen VD. Prevalence and Characteristics of Patients With Systemic Sclerosis Fulfilling the 2019 EULAR/American College of Rheumatology Classification Criteria for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Arthritis care & research 2024. link 50 Yamazaki O, Murakawa M, Ochiai F, Fujii W, Asakawa S, Nagura M et al.. Effective Management of Hypertensive Emergencies with Aliskiren Treatment in a Patient before and after Introducing Hemodialysis Secondary to Scleroderma Renal Crisis-like Condition under Corticosteroid Treatment for Sjögren Syndrome-associated Multiple Mononeuropathy. Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) 2024. link 51 Boukhlal S, Chouchana L, Saadi M, Casadevall M, Cohen P, Dunogue B et al.. Polypharmacy, drug-drug interactions, and adverse drug reactions among systemic sclerosis patients: A cross-sectional risk factor study. Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism 2024. link 52 Lui JK, Cozzolino M, Winburn M, Trojanowski MA, Wiener RS, LaValley MP et al.. Role of Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Systemic Sclerosis-Related Pulmonary Hypertension. Chest 2024. link 53 Emkanjoo Z, Shirazi S, Kamali F, Pouraliakbar H, Nourani M, Balavandi F. Electrical storm following pregnancy in systemic scleroderma: A case report. Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE 2024. link 54 Martínez-Díaz G, Cruz-Domínguez MP, López Zamora B, Ramirez-Facio J, Medina G, Munguía-Cruz RX et al.. Influence of visceral adiposity on cardiovascular risk in patients with systemic sclerosis. Rheumatology international 2024. link 55 Lui JK, Sangani RA, Gillmeyer KR, Vakhshoorzadeh J, Trojanowski MA, Bujor AM et al.. Hemodynamic Response to Oral Vasodilator Therapy in Systemic Sclerosis-Related Pulmonary Hypertension. Cardiovascular drugs and therapy 2024. link 56 Pieklarz B, Gińdzieńska-Sieśkiewicz E, Zawadzka I, Bagrowska M, Daniluk J, Palewski M et al.. Macular choroidal thickness, volume, and vascularity index in patients with systemic sclerosis. Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie 2024. link 57 Ibrahim-Achi Z, de Vera-González A, González-Delgado A, López-Mejías R, González-Gay MÁ, Ferraz-Amaro I. Interleukin-6 serum levels are associated with disease features and cardiovascular risk in patients with systemic sclerosis. Clinical and experimental rheumatology 2024. link 58 Śliwka J, Pawlak S, Kuczaj A, Herdyńska-Wąs M, Przybyłowski P, Hrapkowicz T. Systemic Sclerosis as a Challenge for Heart Transplantation: A Case Report. Transplantation proceedings 2024. link 59 Farrukh L, Steen VD, Shapiro L, Mehta S. Studying the Role of C5-Inhibition Therapy in Scleroderma Renal Crisis-Induced Thrombotic Microangiopathy - A Review of Literature. Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism 2023. link 60 Smith V, Ickinger C, Hysa E, Snow M, Frech T, Sulli A et al.. Nailfold capillaroscopy. Best practice & research. Clinical rheumatology 2023. link 61 Liem SIE, van Leeuwen NM, Vliet Vlieland TPM, Boerrigter GMW, van den Ende CHM, de Pundert LAJ et al.. Physical Therapy in Systemic Sclerosis: The Patient Perspective. Arthritis care & research 2023. link 62 Paltta J, Kortelainen S, Käyrä M, Pirilä L, Huhtakangas J, Palomäki A. The validity of systemic sclerosis diagnoses in two university hospitals in Finland. Scandinavian journal of rheumatology 2023. link 63 Baquero-Ospina P, Paquentín-Jiménez R, Hubbe-Tena C, Concha-Del-Rio LE. Combined Ophthalmology and Rheumatology Evaluation in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases with Ocular Involvement: A Third Level Reference Center in Mexico. Ocular immunology and inflammation 2023. link 64 Temiz Karadag D, Yalcinkaya Y, Akdogan A, Avanoglu A, Bes C, Birlik AM et al.. Treatment of systemic sclerosis-associated digital ulcers: recommendations of the Turkish Society for Rheumatology. Clinical and experimental rheumatology 2023. link 65 De Angelis R, Ferri C, Giuggioli D, Bajocchi G, Dagna L, Bellando-Randone S et al.. Systemic sclerosis sine scleroderma: clinical and serological features and relationship with other cutaneous subsets in a large series of patients from the national registry 'SPRING' of the Italian Society for Rheumatology. RMD open 2023. link 66 Chong C, Webber AL, Dai S. Ocular manifestations of systemic diseases in children. Clinical & experimental optometry 2023. link 67 Senet P, Maillard H, Diot E, Lazareth I, Blaise S, Arnault JP et al.. Efficacy and Safety of Botulinum Toxin in Adults with Raynaud's Phenomenon Secondary to Systemic Sclerosis: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) 2023. link 68 Iannazzo F, Pellicano C, Colalillo A, Ramaccini C, Romaniello A, Gigante A et al.. Interleukin-33 and soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 in scleroderma cardiac involvement. Clinical and experimental medicine 2023. link 69 Mavrogeni S, Pepe A, Gargani L, Bruni C, Quaia E, Kitas GD et al.. Cardiac inflammation and fibrosis patterns in systemic sclerosis, evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging: An update. Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism 2023. link 70 Chennakesavulu PV, Uppaluri S, Koyi J, Jhaveri S, Avanthika C, Sakhamuri LT et al.. Pulmonary Hypertension in Scleroderma- Evaluation and Management. Disease-a-month : DM 2023. link 71 Cole A, Ong VH, Denton CP. Renal Disease and Systemic Sclerosis: an Update on Scleroderma Renal Crisis. Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology 2023. link 72 Forman CJ, Olson SW, Gordon SM, Hughes JB, Stitt RS, Bailey WT et al.. Association of Race and Risk of Future Scleroderma Renal Crisis at Systemic Sclerosis Diagnosis. Arthritis care & research 2023. link 73 Mitsutake S, Ishizaki T, Edahiro A, Kitamura A, Hirata T, Saito A. The effects of dental visits on the occurrence of acute hospitalization for systemic diseases among patients aged 75 years or older: A propensity score-matched study. Archives of gerontology and geriatrics 2023. link 74 Pagkopoulou E, Soulaidopoulos S, Katsiki N, Malliari A, Loutradis C, Karagiannis A et al.. The role of asymmetric dimethylarginine in endothelial dysfunction and abnormal nitric oxide metabolism in systemic sclerosis: results from a pilot study. Clinical rheumatology 2023. link 75 Sanges S, Rice L, Tu L, Valenzi E, Cracowski JL, Montani D et al.. Biomarkers of haemodynamic severity of systemic sclerosis-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension by serum proteome analysis. Annals of the rheumatic diseases 2023. link 76 Lee KI, Manuntag LJ, Kifayat A, Manuntag SE, Sperber K, Ash JY et al.. Cardiovascular Manifestations of Systemic Sclerosis: An Overview of Pathophysiology, Screening Modalities, and Treatment Options. Cardiology in review 2023. link 77 Ross L, Costello B, Lindqvist A, Hansen D, Brown Z, Stevens W et al.. Disease specific determinants of cardiopulmonary fitness in systemic sclerosis. Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism 2023. link 78 Lin CY, Chen HA, Chang TW, Hsu TC, Su YJ. Association of Systemic Sclerosis With Incident Clinically Evident Heart Failure. Arthritis care & research 2023. link 79 Knight DS, Karia N, Cole AR, Maclean RH, Brown JT, Masi A et al.. Distinct cardiovascular phenotypes are associated with prognosis in systemic sclerosis: a cardiovascular magnetic resonance study. European heart journal. Cardiovascular Imaging 2023. link 80 Butcher SC, Vos JL, Fortuni F, Galloo X, Liem SIE, Bax JJ et al.. Evaluation of left cardiac chamber function with cardiac magnetic resonance and association with outcome in patients with systemic sclerosis. Rheumatology (Oxford, England) 2023. link 81 Vrancianu CA, Gheorghiu AM, Popa DE, Chan JSK, Satti DI, Lee YHA et al.. Arrhythmias and Conduction Disturbances in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis-A Systematic Literature Review. International journal of molecular sciences 2022. link 82 Ross L, Costello B, Brown Z, Hansen D, Lindqvist A, Stevens W et al.. Myocardial fibrosis and arrhythmic burden in systemic sclerosis. Rheumatology (Oxford, England) 2022. link 83 Becker MO, Dobrota R, Garaiman A, Debelak R, Fligelstone K, Tyrrell Kennedy A et al.. Development and validation of a patient-reported outcome measure for systemic sclerosis: the EULAR Systemic Sclerosis Impact of Disease (ScleroID) questionnaire. Annals of the rheumatic diseases 2022. link 84 De Angelis R, Giuggioli D, Bajocchi G, Dagna L, Zanframundo G, Foti R et al.. Sex-related Differences in Systemic Sclerosis: A Multicenter Cross-sectional Study From the National Registry of the Italian Society for Rheumatology. The Journal of rheumatology 2022. link 85 Ferri C, De Angelis R, Giuggioli D, Bajocchi G, Dagna L, Zanframundo G et al.. Geographical heterogeneity of clinical and serological phenotypes of systemic sclerosis observed at tertiary referral centres. The experience of the Italian SIR-SPRING registry and review of the world literature. Autoimmunity reviews 2022. link 86 Santiago T, Santos EJF, Ruaro B, Lepri G, Green L, Wildt M et al.. Recommendations for the execution and reporting of skin ultrasound in systemic sclerosis: an international collaboration under the WSF skin ultrasound group. RMD open 2022. link 87 Perazzi M, Gallina E, Manfredi GF, Patrucco F, Acquaviva A, Colangelo D et al.. Vitamin D in Systemic Sclerosis: A Review. Nutrients 2022. link 88 Dumont A, Dolladille C, de Boysson H, Alexandre J, Nguyen A, Deshayes S et al.. Drugs associated with systemic sclerosis: An updated list of suspected drugs using the WHO pharmacovigilance database. Autoimmunity reviews 2022. link 89 Sagonas I, Daoussis D. Serotonin and systemic sclerosis. An emerging player in pathogenesis. Joint bone spine 2022. link 90 Suzuki E, Oda R, Kanno T, Kimura S, Saito Y, Kanbayashi H et al.. Pure White Cell Aplasia Complicated by Systemic Sclerosis with Accompanying Scleroderma Renal Crisis. Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) 2022. link 91 Zhang Y, Qin D, Qin L, Yang X, Luo Q, Wang H. Diagnostic value of cardiac natriuretic peptide on pulmonary hypertension in systemic sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Joint bone spine 2022. link 92 Ota S, Taniguchi M, Katayama Y, Ozaki Y, Satogami K, Ino Y et al.. Usefulness of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging in a Patient with Cardiac Involvement of Systemic Sclerosis. Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) 2022. link 93 Caetano J, Batista F, Amaral MC, Oliveira S, Alves JD. Acute hospitalization in a cohort of patients with systemic sclerosis: a 10-year retrospective cohort study. Rheumatology international 2022. link 94 Lescoat A, Murphy SL, Chen YT, Vann N, Galdo FD, Cella D et al.. Symptom experience of limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis from the Patients' perspective: A qualitative study. Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism 2022. link 95 Braun J, Balbir-Gurman A, Toledano K, Tavor Y, Braun-Moscovici Y. Favourable outcome of planned pregnancies in systemic sclerosis patients during stable disease. Scandinavian journal of rheumatology 2022. link 96 Ahijón-Lana M, Baragaño-Ordóñez E, Veiga-Cabello R, de la Cruz-Tapidor C, Carreira PE. Treatment of Raynaud phenomenon and ischemic ulcers associated to systemic sclerosis with hyperbaric oxygen. Reumatologia clinica 2022. link 97 Sun G, Yafasova A, Andersson C, McMurray JJV, Jhund PS, Docherty KF et al.. Gender- and age-specific rates of heart failure and other adverse cardiovascular outcomes in systemic sclerosis. Rheumatology (Oxford, England) 2022. link 98 Uddin M, Mir T, Surapaneni S, Mehar A, Dar T, Changal K et al.. Scleroderma hypertensive renal crisis among systemic sclerosis patients: A national emergency department database study. The American journal of emergency medicine 2022. link 99 Ross L, Patel S, Stevens W, Burns A, Prior D, La Gerche A et al.. The clinical implications of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in systemic sclerosis. Clinical and experimental rheumatology 2022. link 100 AlMehmadi BA, To FZ, Anderson MA, Johnson SR. Epidemiology and Treatment of Peripheral Neuropathy in Systemic Sclerosis. The Journal of rheumatology 2021. link

Original source

[1]
TAPSE/sPAP Ratio in Systemic Sclerosis: Evidence From Pulmonary Hypertension and Implications for Early Risk Stratification-A Systematic Review. — Gaudio D, Piscione M, Pala B, De Mitri S, Romaniello A Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, N.Y.) (2026)
[2]
Nifedipine and mycophenolate mofetil-induced gingival hyperplasia in a patient with systemic sclerosis: Role of concomitant therapy and pharmacovigilance aspects. — Gowda SK, Priyadarshan B, Behera B, Thakur V The International journal of risk & safety in medicine (2026)
[3]
Scleroderma clinical trials consortium classification criteria for systemic sclerosis heart involvement. — Ross L, Burns AT, La Gerche A, Hansen D, Coghlan JG, Stevens W et al. Rheumatology (Oxford, England) (2026)
[4]
Sodium Glucose Co-Transporter-2 inhibitors in patients with systemic sclerosis with or without heart failure. — Augusto SN, Kaelber DC, Chatterjee S, Tang WHW The American journal of medicine (2026)
[5]
Predictive modeling of cardiovascular risk in systemic sclerosis: a single-center retrospective study integrating clinical and imaging data. — Huang J, Yang L, Xie B, Lu X, Shen F, Zheng X et al. Clinical rheumatology (2026)
[6]
Carbon dioxide vs. warm-water hand baths in systemic sclerosis with secondary Raynaud's syndrome - A capillaroscopy centered randomized controlled trial. — Schulz N, Hermann W, Müller-Ladner U, Lange U, Klemm P Microvascular research (2026)
[7]
Nailfold capillaroscopy improves cardiovascular risk stratification in SSc: an adjustment of the SCORE2 algorithm. — Valera-Ribera C, Alegre-Sancho JJ, González-Gay MÁ, Lacasa-Molina J, Taberner-Cortés A, Robustillo-Villarino M et al. Rheumatology (Oxford, England) (2026)
[8]
Prevalence of comorbidities and medication use in progressive systemic sclerosis in northeast Mexico. — Hermosillo-Villafranca JA, Rodarte-Gallegos MJ Reumatologia clinica (2026)
[9]
Signalling profile of circulating leucocytes of subjects with Raynaud's phenomenon in relation to systemic sclerosis: a pilot study. — Parmanne P, Kuuliala A, Häme A, Luosujärvi R, Leirisalo-Repo M, Kuuliala K Scandinavian journal of rheumatology (2026)
[10]
Identification of Risk Factors for Incident Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction and Predictors of Cardiac Recovery in Patients With Systemic Sclerosis. — Kim JS, Wallwork RS, Richardson CL, Woods A, Mukherjee M, Hsu S et al. Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) (2026)
[11]
Nailfold videocapillaroscopy in the assessment of juvenile connective tissue diseases. — Binda M, Moccaldi B, Tirelli F, Sanetti V, Cuberli A, Benini A et al. Clinical and experimental rheumatology (2026)
[12]
Echocardiographic Evaluation of Global Cardiac Function in Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: An Integrated Review of Parameters and Techniques. — Zhang Z, Shi Y, Liu Y, Cao Y, Zhang X, Duan S Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, N.Y.) (2026)
[13]
GAVE in Systemic Sclerosis: A Japanese Cohort Study Highlighting Links to Diffuse Cutaneous Subtype and Anti-RNAPIII Antibodies. — Matsushita T, Nakao M, Kudo K, Nishio J, Fujii K, Horii M et al. The Journal of dermatology (2026)
[14]
Comparative Analysis of Clinical Features and Autoantibody Profiles in Systemic Sclerosis Patients Among Jewish and Arab Populations in Israel. — Hagog Natour H, Asaly A, Elgardt I, Natour A, Levy Y The Israel Medical Association journal : IMAJ (2026)
[15]
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