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Otolaryngology (ENT)202 papers

Chronic tonsillitis

Last edited: 4/13/2026

Overview

Chronic tonsillitis is characterized by recurrent or persistent inflammation of the tonsils, often leading to symptoms such as sore throat, fever, and halitosis, and potentially impacting quality of life 1 2 10.

Diagnosis

Clinical Presentation: Recurrent sore throat, fever, halirosis, and systemic symptoms 1 2.

Diagnostic Tests:

- Histopathological Examination: To assess the degree of inflammation and hyperplasia 6 14 44. - Microbiological Analysis: Bacterial cultures from tonsillar tissue to identify pathogens like Fusobacterium necrophorum 22 60. - Imaging: Not typically required but may be used to rule out other conditions 1 2.

Grading: Utilization of scoring scales for objective assessment of disease severity 44 43 46.

Management

First-Line Treatments:

- Antibiotics: For acute exacerbations, though chronic use is limited due to resistance 9 15. - Symptomatic Relief: Analgesics and antipyretics for pain and fever 1 2.

Adjunctive Treatments:

- Tonsillectomy: Recommended for refractory cases or significant morbidity 3 4 8 18 25 38. - Local Anesthesia Techniques: Peritonsillar injection of ropivacaine to manage postoperative pain 5. - Lifestyle Modifications: Addressing factors like environmental tobacco exposure and dietary influences 39.

Specific Techniques:

- Coblation Tonsillectomy: Emerging as a minimally invasive option with potential benefits in pain and recovery 4 18 40. - Radiofrequency Tonsillotomy: Alternative to traditional tonsillectomy for less invasive management 28.

Special Populations

Pediatrics: Subtotal intracapsular tonsillectomy may be preferred to preserve tonsillar function 25.

Comorbidities: Consideration of conditions like laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in management decisions 2 10.

Elderly: Similar management principles apply, with emphasis on minimizing surgical risks 38.

Key Recommendations

Consider Tonsillectomy for Refractory Cases: Indicated for patients with recurrent or severe chronic tonsillitis unresponsive to medical management (Evidence: Moderate) 3 8 18.

Use Coblation Techniques for Minimally Invasive Surgery: Offers potential benefits in postoperative pain and recovery (Evidence: Moderate) 4 18 40.

Evaluate for Comorbid Conditions: Screen for associated conditions like LPR and OSA to guide comprehensive treatment plans (Evidence: Moderate) 2 10.

Monitor for Bacterial Colonization: Regular microbiological analysis of tonsillar tissue to guide targeted antibiotic therapy (Evidence: Moderate) 9 60.

Assess Nutritional Status: Evaluate impact on weight and height parameters, especially in pediatric patients (Evidence: Weak) 61.

References

Showing 100 most recent of 198 indexed papers.

1 Herasymiuk M, Sverstiuk A, Palaniza Y, Malovana I. Using roc-analysis as a method of assessing the quality of prediction of the risk of progressing chronic tonsillitis. Wiadomosci lekarskie (Warsaw, Poland : 1960) 2025. link 2 Fageeh YA, Alnofaie MF, Alhusayni MA, Aljemyie AA, Alqurashi LS, Alolayani RA et al.. Prevalence and clinical features of laryngopharyngeal reflux in adults with chronic tonsillitis. Saudi medical journal 2025. link 3 Solarz P, Zwierz A, Wierzchowska M, Burduk P. Transient Facial Nerve Palsy as a Complication of Local Anesthesia After Tonsillectomy. Ear, nose, & throat journal 2025. link 4 Wiench R, Fiegler-Rudol J, Zięba N, Misiołek M. The efficacy of carbon dioxide laser applications in tonsillectomy: systematic review. Lasers in medical science 2025. link 5 Faramarzi M, Panah A, Hassanpourhaghighi P, Kanaani Nejad F, Asmarian N, Khalili F et al.. Comparing the effect of ropivacaine peritonsillar injection before and after adenotonsillectomy on postoperative pain among pediatric patients: A double-blind randomized clinical trial. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology 2025. link 6 Karabiber Cicek S, Acar G, Bingul I, Celik S. Expression levels of MMP-1, MMP-3, and TIMP-1 in pediatric tonsillar tissue: A comparative study of tonsillar hypertrophy and chronic tonsillitis. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology 2025. link 7 Pizzi M, Lorenzi L, Scarmozzino F, Albertini E, Balzarini P, Sbaraglia M et al.. Reactive Bcl2-positive germinal centres in paediatric tonsils: expanding the spectrum of lymphoma mimickers in children and adolescents. Histopathology 2025. link 8 Seied-Mohammad Doulabi SR, Moradi A, Engels K, Kriener S, Vaziri AS, Baghi M. Comparative evaluation of subtotal and total tonsillectomy in the management of chronic tonsillopharyngitis in adults. European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 2025. link 9 Katundu DR, Chussi D, van der Gaast-de Jongh CE, Rovers MM, de Jonge MI, Hannink G et al.. Bacterial colonisation of surface and core of palatine tonsils among Tanzanian children with recurrent chronic tonsillitis and obstructive sleep apnoea who underwent (adeno)tonsillectomy. The Journal of laryngology and otology 2024. link 10 Gu Y, Gan J. Impact of Low-Temperature Plasma Radiofrequency Tonsillectomy on Pain, Inflammatory Markers, and Sleep Quality in Adults with Chronic Tonsillitis. Annali italiani di chirurgia 2024. link 11 Gaździcka J, Gołąbek K, Hudy D, Miśkiewicz-Orczyk K, Zięba N, Tynior W et al.. Selected SNPs of . Genes 2023. link 12 Sahin MS, Gundogdu B, Vural G, Dogantekin B. IgG4 Positivity in Chronic Tonsillitis: A New Component of IgG4-Related Disease?. The Journal of craniofacial surgery 2023. link 13 Sharma J, Dass A, Gupta N, Chander J, Singhal SK. Current bacteriological profile of tonsillar surface versus core tissue in patients undergoing tonsillectomy. Indian journal of medical microbiology 2023. link 14 Abu-Elnasr Awwad A, Hasan RA, Hablas MGA, Mohammad Mohammad Abdelhay O, Dawood YMA, Ahmed Mohamed B et al.. Impact of vitamin D in children with chronic tonsillitis (immunohistochemical study of CD68 polarisation and proinflammatory cytokines estimation). Scientific reports 2023. link 15 Wu X, Wang W, Fang L, Shi L, Rao X. Is Helicobacter pylori colonization associated with chronic tonsillitis? - A meta-analysis and systematic review. American journal of otolaryngology 2022. link 16 Safak AS, Bulut F, Cumbul A. Histopathological role of vitamin D deficiency in recurrent/chronic tonsillitis pathogenesis: Vascular epithelial growth factor-mediated angiogenesis in tonsil. Clinical and experimental dental research 2022. link 17 Zhang L, Yang Y. Analysis of Pathogen Characteristics and Nursing Factors of Tonsil Infection Based on Regression Equation. Scanning 2022. link 18 Tang G, Liao C, Tian L, Li S, Liang F, Wang D et al.. Effectiveness of Low-temperature plasma tonsillectomy for chronic tonsillitis. A protocol of systematic review and meta-analysis. Annali italiani di chirurgia 2022. link 19 Čabanová K, Štrbová K, Motyka O, Zeleník K, Dvořáčková J, Zabiegaj D et al.. Traffic pollution tracers in the lymphatic system tissue of children-possible link to chronic tonsillitis development: pilot study. Environmental science and pollution research international 2022. link 20 Muderris T, Aysel A, Yiş R, Muderris T, Öktem İMA, Çorakçı O. Is adenotonsillectomy safe in covid-19 era? Investigation of sars-cov2 in adenoid and tonsil tissues. American journal of otolaryngology 2022. link 21 Bredun O, Kosakivska I. ANTIBODIES TO MICROBIAL ANTIGENS AND CYTOKINES IN THE CELLS OF THE PALATINE TONSILS AND SERUM OF CHILDREN WITH PALATINE TONSILS HYPERTROPHY AND CHRONIC TONSILLITIS. Wiadomosci lekarskie (Warsaw, Poland : 1960) 2022. link 22 Allam M, Hu T, Cai S, Laxminarayanan K, Hughley RB, Coskun AF. Spatially visualized single-cell pathology of highly multiplexed protein profiles in health and disease. Communications biology 2021. link 23 Erdur Ö, Çelik T, Gül O, Koca ÇF, Yaşar Ş. Coblation cryptolysis method in treatment of tonsil caseum-induced halitosis. American journal of otolaryngology 2021. link 24 Onal M, Kocak N, Duymus F, Bozkurt MK, Elsurer C, Erdur O et al.. Relationship of endoplasmic reticulum stress with the etiopathogenesis of chronic tonsillitis and tonsillar hypertrophy in pediatric patients: a prospective, parallel-group study. Molecular biology reports 2021. link 25 Wang J, Dang PH, Chang HH, Wang ZH. Subtotal intracapsular tonsillectomy may be the first choice for tonsillectomy in children. The Journal of international medical research 2021. link 26 Bredun O, Tymchenko M, Faraon I, Melnikov O. Cytokine and immunoglobulin spectra of tissue extracts from tonsils of children with hypertrophy and chronic tonsillitis. Wiadomosci lekarskie (Warsaw, Poland : 1960) 2020. link 27 Vintilescu ŞB, Ioniţă E, Stepan AE, Simionescu CE, Matei M, Stepan MD et al.. Comparative clinicopathological aspects of chronic tonsillitis and adenoiditis in children. Romanian journal of morphology and embryology = Revue roumaine de morphologie et embryologie 2020. link 28 Nemati S, Mohammadghasemi F, Mojtahedi A, Habibi AF, Rouhi S, Leili EKN et al.. The effects of radiofrequency on the bacteriological and histological characteristics of tonsils in patients with chronic and persistent tonsillitis. American journal of otolaryngology 2020. link 29 Galli J, Calò L, Posteraro B, Rossi G, Sterbini FP, Paludetti G et al.. Pediatric oropharyngeal microbiome: Mapping in chronic tonsillitis and tonsillar hypertrophy. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology 2020. link 30 Bant P, Szczygielski K, Cierniak S, Kosek J, Kania J, Sienicki R et al.. Tonsillectomy in own material. Otolaryngologia polska = The Polish otolaryngology 2020. link 31 Laajala A, Autio TJ, Ohtonen P, Alho OP, Koskenkorva TJ. Interpretation of Tonsillectomy Outcome Inventory-14 scores: a prospective matched cohort study. European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 2020. link 32 Gonzalez-Lucano LR, Vasquez-Armenta GV, Pereira-Suarez AL, Ramirez-de Arellano A, Ramirez-de Los Santos S, Lopez-Pulido EI. Prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus DNA in tonsillar tissue from patients with chronic tonsillitis in Mexican population. Journal of infection in developing countries 2019. link 33 Marcano-Acuña ME, Carrasco-Llatas M, Tortajada-Girbés M, Dalmau-Galofre J, Codoñer-Franch P. Impact of adenotonsillectomy on the evolution of inflammatory markers. Clinical otolaryngology : official journal of ENT-UK ; official journal of Netherlands Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology & Cervico-Facial Surgery 2019. link 34 Bredun O, Melnikov O, Kononov O. Integral scoring scale as a basis for an objective assessment of the state of patients with chronic tonsillitis and the effectiveness of their treatment. Wiadomosci lekarskie (Warsaw, Poland : 1960) 2019. link 35 Koclu Hetemoglu E, Turkoglu Babakurban S, Terzi YK, Sahin FI, Erbek SS. The differences in the expression of fractalkine and its receptor in conditions of tonsillar hypertrophy and chronic tonsillitis. Auris, nasus, larynx 2019. link 36 Zhuravskii SG, Shakhnazarov AE, Yukina GY, Samusenko IA, Kryzhanovskaya EA. Reaction of the Palatine Tonsillar Immunocompetent Cells to Irrigation of Crypts by Suspension of Silica Nanoparticles under Conditions of Chronic Tonsillitis. Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 2019. link 37 Gao Y, Mi J, Chen F, Liao Z, Feng X, Lv M et al.. Detection of GSK-3β activation index in pediatric chronic tonsillitis is an indicator for chronic recurrent inflammation. American journal of otolaryngology 2018. link 38 Atan D, Apaydın E, Özcan KM, İkincioğulları A, Çetin MA, Dere H. Does Tonsillectomy Affect Voice in Early or Late Postoperative Periods in Adults?. Journal of voice : official journal of the Voice Foundation 2017. link 39 Li'e C, Juan C, Dongying J, Guiling F, Tihua Z, Yanfei W. The role of environmental tobacco exposure and Helicobacter pylori infection in the risk of chronic tonsillitis in children. Sao Paulo medical journal = Revista paulista de medicina 2017. link 40 Pynnonen M, Brinkmeier JV, Thorne MC, Chong LY, Burton MJ. Coblation versus other surgical techniques for tonsillectomy. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2017. link 41 Siupsinskiene N, Katutiene I, Jonikiene V, Janciauskas D, Vaitkus S. Helicobacter pylori in the tonsillar tissue: a possible association with chronic tonsillitis and laryngopharyngeal reflux. The Journal of laryngology and otology 2017. link 42 Dapefrid A, Lundström B, Tano K. Prevalence of Fusobacterium necrophorum in tonsils from patients with chronic tonsillitis. Acta oto-laryngologica 2017. link 43 Ilmarinen T, Lont T, Hagström J, Tervahartiala T, Sorsa T, Haglund C et al.. Systemic matrix metalloproteinase-8 response in chronic tonsillitis. Infectious diseases (London, England) 2017. link 44 Wittlinger J, Stankovic P, Girrbach U, Gradistanac T, Güldner C, Teymoortash A et al.. Hyperplasia and the degree and activity of inflammation in chronic recurrent tonsillitis: a histopathological study. European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 2017. link 45 Geißler K, Markwart R, Requardt RP, Weigel C, Schubert K, Scherag A et al.. Functional characterization of T-cells from palatine tonsils in patients with chronic tonsillitis. PloS one 2017. link 46 Sahin C, Varim C, Uyanık M. USE OF NEUTROPHILS TO LYMPHOCYTES RATIO AS AN INFLAMMATION MARKER IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC TONSILLITIS. Georgian medical news 2016. link 47 Saito A, Watanabe K, Egawa S, Okubo K. Different Patterns of Acetylation and Dimethylation of Histone H3 between Young and Aged Cases with Chronic Tonsillitis: Influences of Inflammation and Aging. Journal of Nippon Medical School = Nippon Ika Daigaku zasshi 2016. link 48 Peng J, Li K, Zhang C, Jin Q. MW polyomavirus and STL polyomavirus present in tonsillar tissues from children with chronic tonsillar disease. Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 2016. link 49 Erkan AN, Oz I, Terzi YK, Aydin E, Ozkale M, Babakurban ST et al.. FCN2 c.772G>T polymorphism is associated with chronic adenoiditis and/or tonsillitis, but not -4 A>G and -602 G>A. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology 2016. link 50 Ozbay I, Kucur C, Koçak FE, Savran B, Oghan F. Advanced oxidation protein product levels as a marker of oxidative stress in paediatric patients with chronic tonsillitis. Acta otorhinolaryngologica Italica : organo ufficiale della Societa italiana di otorinolaringologia e chirurgia cervico-facciale 2016. link 51 Yenigun A, Dogan R, Ozturan O, Meric Hafiz A. RGB Measurements From Endoscopic Photography as a New and Objective Diagnostic Method for Chronic Tonsillitis. Clinical therapeutics 2016. link 52 Michalska-Mosiej M, Socha K, Soroczyńska J, Karpińska E, Łazarczyk B, Borawska MH. Selenium, Zinc, Copper, and Total Antioxidant Status in the Serum of Patients with Chronic Tonsillitis. Biological trace element research 2016. link 53 Wlasiuk P, Niedzielski A, Skorka K, Karczmarczyk A, Zaleska J, Zajac M et al.. Accumulation of CD5. Clinical and experimental medicine 2016. link 54 Pribuišienė R, Šarauskas V, Kuzminienė A, Uloza V. Correlation between throat-related symptoms and histological examination in adults with chronic tonsillitis. Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) 2015. link 55 Dvorackova J, Bielnikova H, Kukutschova J, Peikertova P, Filip P, Zelenik K et al.. Detection of nano- and micro-sized particles in routine biopsy material - pilot study. Biomedical papers of the Medical Faculty of the University Palacky, Olomouc, Czechoslovakia 2015. link 56 Önal M, Yılmaz T, Bilgiç E, Müftüoğlu SF, Kuşçu O, Günaydın RÖ. Apoptosis in chronic tonsillitis and tonsillar hypertrophy. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology 2015. link 57 Meng HX, Ohe R, Li HN, Yang SR, Kabasawa T, Kato T et al.. Immunoglobulin and CD8⁺ T-cell distribution in histologically distinctive tonsils of individuals with tonsillar focal infection. Acta oto-laryngologica 2015. link 58 Cunningham LC, Chio EG. Comparison of outcomes and cost in patients undergoing tonsillectomy with electrocautery and thermal welding. American journal of otolaryngology 2015. link 59 Torretta S, Marchisio P, Drago L, Capaccio P, Baggi E, Pignataro L. The presence of biofilm-producing bacteria on tonsils is associated with increased exhaled nitric oxide levels: preliminary data in children who experience recurrent exacerbations of chronic tonsillitis. The Journal of laryngology and otology 2015. link 60 Björk H, Bieber L, Hedin K, Sundqvist M. Tonsillar colonisation of Fusobacterium necrophorum in patients subjected to tonsillectomy. BMC infectious diseases 2015. link 61 Abazi B, Shaqiri B, Ajvazi H, Lutaj P, Radovani P. Clinical Impact of Chronic Tonsillitis on Weight and Height Parameters. Medical archives (Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina) 2015. link 62 Yenigun A. The efficacy of tonsillectomy in chronic tonsillitis patients as demonstrated by the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. The Journal of laryngology and otology 2015. link 63 Arslan F, Babakurban ST, Erbek SS, Sahin FI, Terzi YK. Chronic tonsillitis is not associated with beta defensin 1 gene polymorphisms in Turkish population. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology 2015. link 64 Avramović V, Petrović V, Jović M, Vlahović P. Quantification of cells expressing markers of proliferation and apoptosis in chronic tonsilitis. Acta otorhinolaryngologica Italica : organo ufficiale della Societa italiana di otorinolaringologia e chirurgia cervico-facciale 2015. link 65 Günel C, Kırdar S, Ömürlü İK, Ağdaş F. Detection of the Epstein-Barr virus, Human Bocavirus and novel KI and KU polyomaviruses in adenotonsillar tissues. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology 2015. link 66 Hwang MS, Forman SN, Kanter JA, Friedman M. Tonsillar Helicobacter pylori colonization in chronic tonsillitis: systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA otolaryngology-- head & neck surgery 2015. link 67 Geißler K, Bohne S, Siggel R, Sachse S, Kiehntopf M, Bauer M et al.. Preoperative serum pattern analysis to predict the outcome of tonsillectomy in adults with chronic tonsillitis. European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 2014. link 68 Garca MF, Demir H, Turan M, Bozan N, Kozan A, Belli ŞB et al.. Assessment of adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity and oxidative stress in patients with chronic tonsillitis. European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 2014. link 69 Sahiner F, Gümral R, Yildizoğlu Ü, Babayiğit MA, Durmaz A, Yiğit N et al.. Coexistence of Epstein-Barr virus and Parvovirus B19 in tonsillar tissue samples: quantitative measurement by real-time PCR. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology 2014. link 70 Babakurban ST, Erbek SS, Terzi YK, Arslan F, Sahin FI. Fractalkine receptor polymorphism and chronic tonsillitis. European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 2014. link 71 Nártová E, Kraus J, Pavlík E, Lukeš P, Katra R, Plzák J et al.. Presence of different genotypes of Helicobacter pylori in patients with chronic tonsillitis and sleep apnoea syndrome. European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 2014. link 72 Bulut F, Meric F, Yorgancilar E, Nergiz Y, Akkus M, Nergiz S et al.. Effects of N-acetyl-cysteine and acetylsalicylic acid on the tonsil bacterial biofilm tissues by light and electron microscopy. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences 2014. link 73 Steinbichler T, Bender B, Blassnigg E, Riechelmann H. Evaluation of a German version of the tonsil and adenoid health status instrument. Journal of otolaryngology - head & neck surgery = Le Journal d'oto-rhino-laryngologie et de chirurgie cervico-faciale 2014. link 74 Proença-Módena JL, Buzatto GP, Paula FE, Saturno TH, Delcaro LS, Prates MC et al.. Respiratory viruses are continuously detected in children with chronic tonsillitis throughout the year. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology 2014. link 75 Andreou N, Hadjisymeou S, Panesar J. Does tonsillectomy improve quality of life in adults? A systematic literature review. The Journal of laryngology and otology 2013. link 76 Celebi S, Topak M, Develioglu ON, Caglar E, Yalcin E, Unsel M et al.. Effect of thermal welding tonsillectomy on emergence agitation. The Journal of craniofacial surgery 2013. link 77 Todorović MM, Zvrko EZ. Immunoregulatory cytokines and chronic tonsillitis. Bosnian journal of basic medical sciences 2013. link 78 Ozkiriş M, Kapusuz Z, Saydam L. Comparison of three techniques in adult tonsillectomy. European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 2013. link 79 Torretta S, Drago L, Marchisio P, Cappadona M, Rinaldi V, Nazzari E et al.. Recurrences in chronic tonsillitis substained by tonsillar biofilm-producing bacteria in children. Relationship with the grade of tonsillar hyperplasy. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology 2013. link 80 Zagor M, Minarowska A, Knaś M, Krajewska K, Niemcunowicz-Janica A, Marciniak J et al.. N-acetyl-β-hexosaminidase in chronic tonsillitis and tonsillar hypertrophy. Otolaryngologia polska = The Polish otolaryngology 2013. link 81 Pribuišienė R, Kuzminienė A, Sarauskas V, Saferis V, Pribuišis K, Rastenienė I. The most important throat-related symptoms suggestive of chronic tonsillitis as the main indication for adult tonsillectomy. Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) 2013. link 82 Naserpour Farivar T, Najafipour R, Johari P. Prevalence of clarithromycin-resistant Helicobacter pylori in patients with chronic tonsillitis by allele-specific Scorpion real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. The Laryngoscope 2013. link 83 Zeleník K, Kukutschová J, Dvořáčková J, Bielniková H, Peikertová P, Cábalová L et al.. Possible role of nano-sized particles in chronic tonsillitis and tonsillar carcinoma: a pilot study. European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 2013. link 84 Bohne S, Siggel R, Sachse S, Kiehntopf M, Bauer M, Straube E et al.. Clinical significance and diagnostic usefulness of serologic markers for improvement of outcome of tonsillectomy in adults with chronic tonsillitis. Journal of negative results in biomedicine 2013. link 85 Ozkırış M. Comparison of three techniques in pediatric tonsillectomy. European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 2012. link 86 Kemal O. Harmonic scalpel versus bipolar tonsillectomy: a double-blind clinical trial. European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 2012. link 87 Proenca-Modena JL, Pereira Valera FC, Jacob MG, Buzatto GP, Saturno TH, Lopes L et al.. High rates of detection of respiratory viruses in tonsillar tissues from children with chronic adenotonsillar disease. PloS one 2012. link 88 Tanyeri HM, Polat S. Temperature-controlled radiofrequency tonsil ablation for the treatment of halitosis. European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 2011. link 89 Larrinaga G, Perez I, Sanz B, Irazusta A, Zarrazquin I, Sanchez CE et al.. Activity of soluble aminopeptidase A and dipeptidyl peptidase IV and membrane-bound aminopeptidase B and pyroglutamyl peptidase I in adenoid hyperplasia, tonsillar hyperplasia and chronic tonsillitis. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology 2011. link 90 Courville EL, Lew M, Sadow PM. Routine evaluation of adult tonsillectomy specimens: toward establishing a new standard of care. International journal of surgical pathology 2011. link 91 Larrinaga G, Pérez I, Sanz B, Zarrazquin I, Casis L, Anta JA et al.. Altered dipeptidyl peptidase IV and prolyl endopeptidase activities in chronic tonsillitis, tonsillar hyperplasia and adenoid hyperplasia. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology 2011. link 92 Roje Z, Racic G, Kardum G, Selimovic M. Is the systemic inflammatory reaction to surgery responsible for post-operative pain after tonsillectomy, and is it "technique-related"?. Wiener klinische Wochenschrift 2011. link 93 Goto F, Asama Y, Ogawa K. Sho-saiko-to-ka-kikyo-sekko as an alternative treatment for chronic tonsillitis to avoid surgery. Complementary therapies in clinical practice 2010. link 94 Yasar H, Ozkul H. Thermal welding technique versus cold dissection for adult tonsillectomy. B-ENT 2010. link 95 Aksoy F, Ozturan O, Veyseller B, Yildirim YS, Demirhan H. Comparison of radiofrequency and monopolar electrocautery tonsillectomy. The Journal of laryngology and otology 2010. link 96 Lin HC, Wu PY, Friedman M, Chang HW, Wilson M. Difference of Helicobacter pylori colonization in recurrent inflammatory and simple hyperplastic tonsil tissues. Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery 2010. link 97 Dilek FH, Sahin O, Tokyol C, Mazlum M, Aycicek A. Expression of cyclooxygenase-1 and 2 in chronic tonsillitis. Indian journal of pathology & microbiology 2010. link 98 Cvetković T, Vlahović P, Todorović M, Stanković M. Investigation of oxidative stress in patients with chronic tonsillitis. Auris, nasus, larynx 2009. link 99 Al-Abbasi AM. Tonsillectomy for the treatment of halitosis. Nigerian journal of medicine : journal of the National Association of Resident Doctors of Nigeria 2009. link 100 Karaman E, Enver O, Alimoglu Y, Gonullu N, Bahar H, Torun MM et al.. Oropharyngeal flora changes after tonsillectomy. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2009. link

Original source

[1]
Using roc-analysis as a method of assessing the quality of prediction of the risk of progressing chronic tonsillitis. — Herasymiuk M, Sverstiuk A, Palaniza Y, Malovana I Wiadomosci lekarskie (Warsaw, Poland : 1960) (2025)
[2]
Prevalence and clinical features of laryngopharyngeal reflux in adults with chronic tonsillitis. — Fageeh YA, Alnofaie MF, Alhusayni MA, Aljemyie AA, Alqurashi LS, Alolayani RA et al. Saudi medical journal (2025)
[3]
Transient Facial Nerve Palsy as a Complication of Local Anesthesia After Tonsillectomy. — Solarz P, Zwierz A, Wierzchowska M, Burduk P Ear, nose, & throat journal (2025)
[4]
The efficacy of carbon dioxide laser applications in tonsillectomy: systematic review. — Wiench R, Fiegler-Rudol J, Zięba N, Misiołek M Lasers in medical science (2025)
[5]
Comparing the effect of ropivacaine peritonsillar injection before and after adenotonsillectomy on postoperative pain among pediatric patients: A double-blind randomized clinical trial. — Faramarzi M, Panah A, Hassanpourhaghighi P, Kanaani Nejad F, Asmarian N, Khalili F et al. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology (2025)
[6]
Expression levels of MMP-1, MMP-3, and TIMP-1 in pediatric tonsillar tissue: A comparative study of tonsillar hypertrophy and chronic tonsillitis. — Karabiber Cicek S, Acar G, Bingul I, Celik S International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology (2025)
[7]
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Bacterial colonisation of surface and core of palatine tonsils among Tanzanian children with recurrent chronic tonsillitis and obstructive sleep apnoea who underwent (adeno)tonsillectomy. — Katundu DR, Chussi D, van der Gaast-de Jongh CE, Rovers MM, de Jonge MI, Hannink G et al. The Journal of laryngology and otology (2024)
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Selected SNPs of — Gaździcka J, Gołąbek K, Hudy D, Miśkiewicz-Orczyk K, Zięba N, Tynior W et al. Genes (2023)
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The effects of radiofrequency on the bacteriological and histological characteristics of tonsils in patients with chronic and persistent tonsillitis. — Nemati S, Mohammadghasemi F, Mojtahedi A, Habibi AF, Rouhi S, Leili EKN et al. American journal of otolaryngology (2020)
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Interpretation of Tonsillectomy Outcome Inventory-14 scores: a prospective matched cohort study. — Laajala A, Autio TJ, Ohtonen P, Alho OP, Koskenkorva TJ European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery (2020)
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Prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus DNA in tonsillar tissue from patients with chronic tonsillitis in Mexican population. — Gonzalez-Lucano LR, Vasquez-Armenta GV, Pereira-Suarez AL, Ramirez-de Arellano A, Ramirez-de Los Santos S, Lopez-Pulido EI Journal of infection in developing countries (2019)
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The differences in the expression of fractalkine and its receptor in conditions of tonsillar hypertrophy and chronic tonsillitis. — Koclu Hetemoglu E, Turkoglu Babakurban S, Terzi YK, Sahin FI, Erbek SS Auris, nasus, larynx (2019)
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Reaction of the Palatine Tonsillar Immunocompetent Cells to Irrigation of Crypts by Suspension of Silica Nanoparticles under Conditions of Chronic Tonsillitis. — Zhuravskii SG, Shakhnazarov AE, Yukina GY, Samusenko IA, Kryzhanovskaya EA Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine (2019)
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Detection of GSK-3β activation index in pediatric chronic tonsillitis is an indicator for chronic recurrent inflammation. — Gao Y, Mi J, Chen F, Liao Z, Feng X, Lv M et al. American journal of otolaryngology (2018)
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Does Tonsillectomy Affect Voice in Early or Late Postoperative Periods in Adults? — Atan D, Apaydın E, Özcan KM, İkincioğulları A, Çetin MA, Dere H Journal of voice : official journal of the Voice Foundation (2017)
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The role of environmental tobacco exposure and Helicobacter pylori infection in the risk of chronic tonsillitis in children. — Li'e C, Juan C, Dongying J, Guiling F, Tihua Z, Yanfei W Sao Paulo medical journal = Revista paulista de medicina (2017)
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Coblation versus other surgical techniques for tonsillectomy. — Pynnonen M, Brinkmeier JV, Thorne MC, Chong LY, Burton MJ The Cochrane database of systematic reviews (2017)
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Helicobacter pylori in the tonsillar tissue: a possible association with chronic tonsillitis and laryngopharyngeal reflux. — Siupsinskiene N, Katutiene I, Jonikiene V, Janciauskas D, Vaitkus S The Journal of laryngology and otology (2017)
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Prevalence of Fusobacterium necrophorum in tonsils from patients with chronic tonsillitis. — Dapefrid A, Lundström B, Tano K Acta oto-laryngologica (2017)
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Systemic matrix metalloproteinase-8 response in chronic tonsillitis. — Ilmarinen T, Lont T, Hagström J, Tervahartiala T, Sorsa T, Haglund C et al. Infectious diseases (London, England) (2017)
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Hyperplasia and the degree and activity of inflammation in chronic recurrent tonsillitis: a histopathological study. — Wittlinger J, Stankovic P, Girrbach U, Gradistanac T, Güldner C, Teymoortash A et al. European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery (2017)
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Functional characterization of T-cells from palatine tonsils in patients with chronic tonsillitis. — Geißler K, Markwart R, Requardt RP, Weigel C, Schubert K, Scherag A et al. PloS one (2017)
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USE OF NEUTROPHILS TO LYMPHOCYTES RATIO AS AN INFLAMMATION MARKER IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC TONSILLITIS. — Sahin C, Varim C, Uyanık M Georgian medical news (2016)
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Different Patterns of Acetylation and Dimethylation of Histone H3 between Young and Aged Cases with Chronic Tonsillitis: Influences of Inflammation and Aging. — Saito A, Watanabe K, Egawa S, Okubo K Journal of Nippon Medical School = Nippon Ika Daigaku zasshi (2016)
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MW polyomavirus and STL polyomavirus present in tonsillar tissues from children with chronic tonsillar disease. — Peng J, Li K, Zhang C, Jin Q Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (2016)
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FCN2 c.772G>T polymorphism is associated with chronic adenoiditis and/or tonsillitis, but not -4 A>G and -602 G>A. — Erkan AN, Oz I, Terzi YK, Aydin E, Ozkale M, Babakurban ST et al. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology (2016)
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Advanced oxidation protein product levels as a marker of oxidative stress in paediatric patients with chronic tonsillitis. — Ozbay I, Kucur C, Koçak FE, Savran B, Oghan F Acta otorhinolaryngologica Italica : organo ufficiale della Societa italiana di otorinolaringologia e chirurgia cervico-facciale (2016)
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RGB Measurements From Endoscopic Photography as a New and Objective Diagnostic Method for Chronic Tonsillitis. — Yenigun A, Dogan R, Ozturan O, Meric Hafiz A Clinical therapeutics (2016)
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Selenium, Zinc, Copper, and Total Antioxidant Status in the Serum of Patients with Chronic Tonsillitis. — Michalska-Mosiej M, Socha K, Soroczyńska J, Karpińska E, Łazarczyk B, Borawska MH Biological trace element research (2016)
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Correlation between throat-related symptoms and histological examination in adults with chronic tonsillitis. — Pribuišienė R, Šarauskas V, Kuzminienė A, Uloza V Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) (2015)
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Detection of nano- and micro-sized particles in routine biopsy material - pilot study. — Dvorackova J, Bielnikova H, Kukutschova J, Peikertova P, Filip P, Zelenik K et al. Biomedical papers of the Medical Faculty of the University Palacky, Olomouc, Czechoslovakia (2015)
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Apoptosis in chronic tonsillitis and tonsillar hypertrophy. — Önal M, Yılmaz T, Bilgiç E, Müftüoğlu SF, Kuşçu O, Günaydın RÖ International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology (2015)
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Immunoglobulin and CD8⁺ T-cell distribution in histologically distinctive tonsils of individuals with tonsillar focal infection. — Meng HX, Ohe R, Li HN, Yang SR, Kabasawa T, Kato T et al. Acta oto-laryngologica (2015)
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Comparison of outcomes and cost in patients undergoing tonsillectomy with electrocautery and thermal welding. — Cunningham LC, Chio EG American journal of otolaryngology (2015)
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The presence of biofilm-producing bacteria on tonsils is associated with increased exhaled nitric oxide levels: preliminary data in children who experience recurrent exacerbations of chronic tonsillitis. — Torretta S, Marchisio P, Drago L, Capaccio P, Baggi E, Pignataro L The Journal of laryngology and otology (2015)
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Tonsillar colonisation of Fusobacterium necrophorum in patients subjected to tonsillectomy. — Björk H, Bieber L, Hedin K, Sundqvist M BMC infectious diseases (2015)
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Clinical Impact of Chronic Tonsillitis on Weight and Height Parameters. — Abazi B, Shaqiri B, Ajvazi H, Lutaj P, Radovani P Medical archives (Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina) (2015)
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The efficacy of tonsillectomy in chronic tonsillitis patients as demonstrated by the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. — Yenigun A The Journal of laryngology and otology (2015)
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Chronic tonsillitis is not associated with beta defensin 1 gene polymorphisms in Turkish population. — Arslan F, Babakurban ST, Erbek SS, Sahin FI, Terzi YK International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology (2015)
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Quantification of cells expressing markers of proliferation and apoptosis in chronic tonsilitis. — Avramović V, Petrović V, Jović M, Vlahović P Acta otorhinolaryngologica Italica : organo ufficiale della Societa italiana di otorinolaringologia e chirurgia cervico-facciale (2015)
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Detection of the Epstein-Barr virus, Human Bocavirus and novel KI and KU polyomaviruses in adenotonsillar tissues. — Günel C, Kırdar S, Ömürlü İK, Ağdaş F International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology (2015)
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Tonsillar Helicobacter pylori colonization in chronic tonsillitis: systematic review and meta-analysis. — Hwang MS, Forman SN, Kanter JA, Friedman M JAMA otolaryngology-- head & neck surgery (2015)
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Preoperative serum pattern analysis to predict the outcome of tonsillectomy in adults with chronic tonsillitis. — Geißler K, Bohne S, Siggel R, Sachse S, Kiehntopf M, Bauer M et al. European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery (2014)
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Assessment of adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity and oxidative stress in patients with chronic tonsillitis. — Garca MF, Demir H, Turan M, Bozan N, Kozan A, Belli ŞB et al. European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery (2014)
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Coexistence of Epstein-Barr virus and Parvovirus B19 in tonsillar tissue samples: quantitative measurement by real-time PCR. — Sahiner F, Gümral R, Yildizoğlu Ü, Babayiğit MA, Durmaz A, Yiğit N et al. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology (2014)
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Fractalkine receptor polymorphism and chronic tonsillitis. — Babakurban ST, Erbek SS, Terzi YK, Arslan F, Sahin FI European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery (2014)
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Presence of different genotypes of Helicobacter pylori in patients with chronic tonsillitis and sleep apnoea syndrome. — Nártová E, Kraus J, Pavlík E, Lukeš P, Katra R, Plzák J et al. European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery (2014)
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Effects of N-acetyl-cysteine and acetylsalicylic acid on the tonsil bacterial biofilm tissues by light and electron microscopy. — Bulut F, Meric F, Yorgancilar E, Nergiz Y, Akkus M, Nergiz S et al. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences (2014)
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Evaluation of a German version of the tonsil and adenoid health status instrument. — Steinbichler T, Bender B, Blassnigg E, Riechelmann H Journal of otolaryngology - head & neck surgery = Le Journal d'oto-rhino-laryngologie et de chirurgie cervico-faciale (2014)
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Respiratory viruses are continuously detected in children with chronic tonsillitis throughout the year. — Proença-Módena JL, Buzatto GP, Paula FE, Saturno TH, Delcaro LS, Prates MC et al. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology (2014)
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Does tonsillectomy improve quality of life in adults? A systematic literature review. — Andreou N, Hadjisymeou S, Panesar J The Journal of laryngology and otology (2013)
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Effect of thermal welding tonsillectomy on emergence agitation. — Celebi S, Topak M, Develioglu ON, Caglar E, Yalcin E, Unsel M et al. The Journal of craniofacial surgery (2013)
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Immunoregulatory cytokines and chronic tonsillitis. — Todorović MM, Zvrko EZ Bosnian journal of basic medical sciences (2013)
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Comparison of three techniques in adult tonsillectomy. — Ozkiriş M, Kapusuz Z, Saydam L European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery (2013)
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Recurrences in chronic tonsillitis substained by tonsillar biofilm-producing bacteria in children. Relationship with the grade of tonsillar hyperplasy. — Torretta S, Drago L, Marchisio P, Cappadona M, Rinaldi V, Nazzari E et al. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology (2013)
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N-acetyl-β-hexosaminidase in chronic tonsillitis and tonsillar hypertrophy. — Zagor M, Minarowska A, Knaś M, Krajewska K, Niemcunowicz-Janica A, Marciniak J et al. Otolaryngologia polska = The Polish otolaryngology (2013)
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The most important throat-related symptoms suggestive of chronic tonsillitis as the main indication for adult tonsillectomy. — Pribuišienė R, Kuzminienė A, Sarauskas V, Saferis V, Pribuišis K, Rastenienė I Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) (2013)
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Prevalence of clarithromycin-resistant Helicobacter pylori in patients with chronic tonsillitis by allele-specific Scorpion real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. — Naserpour Farivar T, Najafipour R, Johari P The Laryngoscope (2013)
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Possible role of nano-sized particles in chronic tonsillitis and tonsillar carcinoma: a pilot study. — Zeleník K, Kukutschová J, Dvořáčková J, Bielniková H, Peikertová P, Cábalová L et al. European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery (2013)
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Clinical significance and diagnostic usefulness of serologic markers for improvement of outcome of tonsillectomy in adults with chronic tonsillitis. — Bohne S, Siggel R, Sachse S, Kiehntopf M, Bauer M, Straube E et al. Journal of negative results in biomedicine (2013)
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Comparison of three techniques in pediatric tonsillectomy. — Ozkırış M European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery (2012)
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Harmonic scalpel versus bipolar tonsillectomy: a double-blind clinical trial. — Kemal O European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery (2012)
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High rates of detection of respiratory viruses in tonsillar tissues from children with chronic adenotonsillar disease. — Proenca-Modena JL, Pereira Valera FC, Jacob MG, Buzatto GP, Saturno TH, Lopes L et al. PloS one (2012)
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Temperature-controlled radiofrequency tonsil ablation for the treatment of halitosis. — Tanyeri HM, Polat S European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery (2011)
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Activity of soluble aminopeptidase A and dipeptidyl peptidase IV and membrane-bound aminopeptidase B and pyroglutamyl peptidase I in adenoid hyperplasia, tonsillar hyperplasia and chronic tonsillitis. — Larrinaga G, Perez I, Sanz B, Irazusta A, Zarrazquin I, Sanchez CE et al. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology (2011)
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Routine evaluation of adult tonsillectomy specimens: toward establishing a new standard of care. — Courville EL, Lew M, Sadow PM International journal of surgical pathology (2011)
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Altered dipeptidyl peptidase IV and prolyl endopeptidase activities in chronic tonsillitis, tonsillar hyperplasia and adenoid hyperplasia. — Larrinaga G, Pérez I, Sanz B, Zarrazquin I, Casis L, Anta JA et al. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology (2011)
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Is the systemic inflammatory reaction to surgery responsible for post-operative pain after tonsillectomy, and is it "technique-related"? — Roje Z, Racic G, Kardum G, Selimovic M Wiener klinische Wochenschrift (2011)
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Sho-saiko-to-ka-kikyo-sekko as an alternative treatment for chronic tonsillitis to avoid surgery. — Goto F, Asama Y, Ogawa K Complementary therapies in clinical practice (2010)
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Thermal welding technique versus cold dissection for adult tonsillectomy. — Yasar H, Ozkul H B-ENT (2010)
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Comparison of radiofrequency and monopolar electrocautery tonsillectomy. — Aksoy F, Ozturan O, Veyseller B, Yildirim YS, Demirhan H The Journal of laryngology and otology (2010)
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Difference of Helicobacter pylori colonization in recurrent inflammatory and simple hyperplastic tonsil tissues. — Lin HC, Wu PY, Friedman M, Chang HW, Wilson M Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery (2010)
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Expression of cyclooxygenase-1 and 2 in chronic tonsillitis. — Dilek FH, Sahin O, Tokyol C, Mazlum M, Aycicek A Indian journal of pathology & microbiology (2010)
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Investigation of oxidative stress in patients with chronic tonsillitis. — Cvetković T, Vlahović P, Todorović M, Stanković M Auris, nasus, larynx (2009)
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Tonsillectomy for the treatment of halitosis. — Al-Abbasi AM Nigerian journal of medicine : journal of the National Association of Resident Doctors of Nigeria (2009)
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Oropharyngeal flora changes after tonsillectomy. — Karaman E, Enver O, Alimoglu Y, Gonullu N, Bahar H, Torun MM et al. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (2009)

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