Overview
Age-related discoloration of enamel, often observed in older adults, refers to the natural yellowing or browning of tooth enamel due to intrinsic and extrinsic factors such as intrinsic pigmentation changes, accumulation of stains, and wear over time. This process is distinct from dental caries or other pathological conditions but can affect aesthetics and oral health perception 123.Diagnosis
Management
Special Populations
Key Recommendations
References
Showing 100 most recent of 548 indexed papers.
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Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections and risks of stroke in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration-A registry-based cohort study. Acta ophthalmologica 2026. link 13 Zhou Y, Liu C, Yin J, Zhao D, Xue F. From environmental exposure to retinal pathology: epidemiological and mechanistic insights into multi-metal driven ocular diseases. Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine 2026. link 14 Iida T, Gomi F, Yasukawa T, Yamashiro K, Honda S, Maruko I et al.. Japanese clinical guidelines for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Japanese journal of ophthalmology 2025. link 15 Capuano V, Semoun O, Combes A, Mehanna CJ, Oubraham H, Souied EH. [Diagnostic approach and treatment paradigm in atrophic age related macular degeneration: Recommendations of the France Macula Federation]. 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Visual Acuity and Quality of Life Outcomes With Pegcetacoplan Treatment: A Post Hoc Analysis From the OAKS and DERBY Trials. American journal of ophthalmology 2025. link 24 Shi N, Li J, Shang M, Zhang W, Xu K, Li Y et al.. Detection and Management of Geographic Atrophy Secondary to Age-Related Macular Degeneration Using Noninvasive Retinal Images and Artificial Intelligence: Systematic Review. Journal of medical Internet research 2025. link 25 Chiang B, Chung YG, Prausnitz MR. Suprachoroidal Drug Delivery for VEGF Suppression in Wet AMD and Other Diseases With Choroidal Neovascularization. American journal of ophthalmology 2025. link 26 Sarvepalli SM, Kapoor I, Sarici K, Garg SJ, Hadziahmetovic M. Evaluating photodynamic therapy as an adjuvant treatment for neovascular AMD: A comprehensive meta-analysis. Asia-Pacific journal of ophthalmology (Philadelphia, Pa.) 2025. link 27 Deng Q, Kishimoto K, Sugiyama O, Miyake M, Tamura H. Automatic Extraction of Images for Prognostic Prediction Models in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Studies in health technology and informatics 2025. link 28 Alshaikhsalama AM, Alsoudi AF, Wai KM, Koo E, Mruthyunjaya P, Rahimy E. GOUT AND RISK OF AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION. Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.) 2025. link 29 Simon LS, Davis ML, Medunjanin D, Fanning L, Damonte JC, Hunt K et al.. National Experience of Technology-based Eye Care Services: A Comprehensive Ophthalmology Telemedicine Initiative. Ophthalmology 2025. link 30 Wang H, Ie A, Chan T, Yates W, Kalloniatis M, Tong J et al.. ChatGPT-4 for addressing patient-centred frequently asked questions in age-related macular degeneration clinical practice. Eye (London, England) 2025. link 31 Liu Z, Zadeh RS. Connecting generations: An integrative review of intergenerational technology programs and older adults' technology use. 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Ocular Neovascular Conversion and Systemic Bleeding Complications in Patients with Age-Related Macular Degeneration on Anticoagulants. Ophthalmology 2025. link 37 Ashrafkhorasani M, Habibi A, Nittala MG, Yaseri M, Emamverdi M, Velaga SB et al.. Spectral-domain OCT characteristics of intraretinal hyper-reflective foci associated with age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie 2025. link 38 Krieger J, Cox O, Flacke JP, Beilschmidt L, Mueller S, Maywald U et al.. Real-world therapy and persistence of patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy or diabetic macular edema: a German claims data analysis. Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie 2025. link 39 Wei B, Wei M, Huang H, Fan T, Zhang Z, Song X. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes: A Promising Therapeutic Strategy for Age-Related Diseases. Cell proliferation 2025. link 40 Galindo AM, Ohayon A, Hod K, Levin MF, Geffen N, Shulman S. Real-world evidence of long-term durability and efficacy of faricimab as an advanced treatment line for NVAMD and DME. International ophthalmology 2025. link 41 Le HM, Querques G, Guenoun S, El Ghazi D, Haddad WM, Mouallem A et al.. Acute intra ocular inflammation following intravitreal injections of faricimab: A multicentric case series. European journal of ophthalmology 2025. link 42 Chong DD, Maatouk CM, Markle J, Shaia JK, Singh RP, Talcott KE. Cardiovascular risk in anti-VEGF treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie 2025. link 43 Zhang YZ, Huo DY, Liu Z, Li XD, Wang Z, Li W. Review on ginseng and its potential active substance G-Rg2 against age-related diseases: Traditional efficacy and mechanism. Journal of ethnopharmacology 2025. link 44 Mensah EO, Danyo EK, Asase RV. Exploring the effect of different diet types on ageing and age-related diseases. Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) 2025. link 45 Hamedani AG, Willis AW, Ying GS. Self-reported Visual Difficulty, Age-related Eye Disease, and Neuropsychiatric Outcomes in Older Adults. Ophthalmic epidemiology 2025. link 46 Chen Z, Cheang I, Qu Q, Zhu X, Fu Y, Gao R et al.. Associations of serum uric acid-to-high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio with age-related diseases and mortality among older population in the United States. Archives of gerontology and geriatrics 2025. link 47 Boyer D, Hu A, Warrow D, Xavier S, Gonzalez V, Lad E et al.. LIGHTSITE III: 13-Month Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of Multiwavelength Photobiomodulation in Nonexudative (Dry) Age-Related Macular Degeneration Using the Lumithera Valeda Light Delivery System. Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.) 2024. link 48 Trinh M, Cheung R, Duong A, Nivison-Smith L, Ly A. OCT Prognostic Biomarkers for Progression to Late Age-related Macular Degeneration: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Ophthalmology. Retina 2024. link 49 Samacá-Samacá D, Hernández-Castillo C, Prieto-Pinto L, Rodríguez F, Sardi C, Ocampo H et al.. Efficacy and safety of faricimab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMJ open ophthalmology 2024. link 50 Sunaga T, Maeda M, Saulle R, Ng SM, Sato MT, Hasegawa T et al.. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor biosimilars for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2024. link 51 Kang C, Lo JE, Zhang H, Ng SM, Lin JC, Scott IU et al.. Artificial intelligence for diagnosing exudative age-related macular degeneration. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2024. link 52 Wu J, Zhang M, Sun X. 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Answer to the Hamlet-like dilemma of lipid metabolites causing senile macular degeneration. Cell reports. Medicine 2023. link 83 Dalvi S, Chatterjee A, Singh R. AMD recapitulated in a 3D biomimetic: A breakthrough in retina tissue engineering. Cell stem cell 2023. link 84 Faes L, Maloca PM, Hatz K, Wolfensberger TJ, Munk MR, Sim DA et al.. Transforming ophthalmology in the digital century-new care models with added value for patients. Eye (London, England) 2023. link 85 Gallivan MD, Garcia KM, Torres AZ, Lum F, Li C, Mbagwu M et al.. Emulating VIEW 1 and VIEW 2 Clinical Trial Outcome Data Using the American Academy of Ophthalmology IRIS Registry. Ophthalmic surgery, lasers & imaging retina 2023. link 86 Cannon M, Kerwood R, Ramon M, Rowley SJ, Rubio H. Laying the groundwork for an Age-Friendly University: A multi-method case study. Gerontology & geriatrics education 2023. link 87 Campbell S, Dewhurst E, Chaudry A, Edson R, Ghafoor R, Greenhalgh M et al.. 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