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Allergic rhinitis caused by animals — Clinical Guidelines

Overview

Allergic rhinitis caused by animals, also known as animal-induced allergic rhinitis, results from exposure to allergens such as pet dander, saliva, or urine, leading to symptoms like sneezing, nasal congestion, and itching. 3

Diagnosis

Clinical history: Detailed history of animal exposure and symptom onset. 3

Allergy testing: Skin prick tests or specific IgE blood tests to identify animal allergens. 3

Nasal endoscopy: To rule out other nasal conditions and assess for allergic rhinitis signs. 3

Cytology: Not typically used but can provide supportive evidence of allergic inflammation when nasal samples are evaluated. 3

Management

Avoidance: Minimize exposure to allergens by reducing contact with pets, using HEPA filters, and regular cleaning. 3

Antihistamines: First-line treatment; second-generation antihistamines like cetirizine or loratadine are commonly used. 3

Nasal corticosteroids: For more severe symptoms; examples include fluticasone or mometasone nasal sprays. 3

Leukotriene receptor antagonists: Montelukast can be considered for persistent symptoms. 3

Immunotherapy: Allergen-specific immunotherapy may be beneficial for long-term relief in severe cases. 3

Special Populations

Pregnancy: Limited specific guidance; generally, safe use of second-generation antihistamines and nasal corticosteroids is recommended based on safety profiles. 3

Pediatrics: Similar management principles apply; cautious use of medications considering age-appropriate dosing. 3

Elderly: Consider comorbidities; adjust treatments based on individual health status and potential drug interactions. 3

Key Recommendations

Implement allergen avoidance strategies to reduce exposure to animal allergens. (Evidence: Expert opinion 3)

Initiate treatment with second-generation antihistamines for symptom relief in mild to moderate cases. (Evidence: Expert opinion 3)

Use nasal corticosteroids for persistent or severe symptoms to manage inflammation effectively. (Evidence: Expert opinion 3)

References

1 Toohey-Kurth K, Reising MM, Tallmadge RL, Goodman LB, Bai J, Bolin SR et al.. Suggested guidelines for validation of real-time PCR assays in veterinary diagnostic laboratories. Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc 2020. link 2 Iragüen D, Urcelay S, San Martín B. Pharmacovigilance in veterinary medicine in Chile: a pilot study. Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics 2011. link 3 Christopher MM, Hotz CS, Shelly SM, Pion PD. Use of cytology as a diagnostic method in veterinary practice and assessment of communication between veterinary practitioners and veterinary clinical pathologists. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 2008. link 4 Simons MA. A health service for horses. The Veterinary record 1975. link

Allergic rhinitis caused by animals