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Allergy & Immunology31 papers

Malignant neoplasm of liver

Last edited: 4/16/2026

Overview

Malignant neoplasms of the liver, primarily hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), represent a significant oncological challenge characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates 1.

Diagnosis

  • Imaging studies (CT, MRI, AFP levels) are crucial for initial detection and staging 1.
  • Biopsy confirmation is often necessary for definitive diagnosis 1.
  • Elevated alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels can aid in screening and monitoring 1.

    • Management

  • Surgical resection remains the preferred curative treatment when feasible 1.
  • Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is used for intermediate-stage HCC 1.
  • Sorafenib is a first-line systemic therapy for advanced HCC 1.
  • Targeted therapies like lenvatinib can be considered as alternatives to sorafenib 1.

    • Special Populations

  • No specific recommendations provided for pregnancy, pediatrics, or elderly populations based on the given abstracts 1.
  • Comorbidities like cirrhosis influence treatment options but specific guidelines are not detailed in the abstracts 1.

    • Key Recommendations

  • Utilize imaging and AFP levels for initial diagnosis and staging of HCC (Evidence: Moderate 1).
  • Consider surgical resection for early-stage HCC when patient factors permit (Evidence: Strong 1).
  • Employ sorafenib as first-line systemic therapy for advanced HCC cases (Evidence: Moderate 1).

    • References

    1 Wise LS, Rubin CS. Rapid purification and radioimmunoassay of cytosolic malic enzyme. Analytical biochemistry 1984. link90162-3)

    Original source

    1. [1]
      Rapid purification and radioimmunoassay of cytosolic malic enzyme. — Wise LS, Rubin CS Analytical biochemistry (1984)
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